Tim Shallice

{{Short description|British cognitive psychologist and professor of neuropsychology}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

Timothy Shallice (born 1940) is a professor of neuropsychology and the founding director{{Cite web|last=UCL|date=2018-01-08|title=ICN History|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/icn/about-icn/icn-history|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience|language=en}} of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, part of University College London. He has been a professor at Cognitive Neuroscience Sector of the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste, Italy since 1994 but is now retired.{{Cite web |title=Vision and Research {{!}} Cognitive Neuroscience |url=https://phdcns.sissa.it/vision-and-research |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=phdcns.sissa.it}}

Shallice has been influential in laying the foundations for the discipline of cognitive neuropsychology, by formalising many of its methods and assumptions in his 1988 book From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. He has also worked on many core problems in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology, including executive function, language and memory. Together with psychologist Don Norman, Shallice proposed a framework of attentional control of executive functioning. One of the components of the Norman-Shallice model is the supervisory attentional system.{{cite book|last=Friedenberg|first=Jay|author2=Gordon Silverman |title=Cognitive Science: An Introduction of the Study of Mind|year=2010|publisher=SAGE Publications|location=United States of America|isbn=978-1-4129-7761-6|pages=180–182}}{{cite journal|title=Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues|first1=Raymond C. K.|last1=Chan|first2=David|last2=Shum|first3=Timothea|last3=Toulopoulou|first4=Eric Y. H.|last4=Chen|date=1 March 2008|journal=Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology|volume=23|issue=2|pages=201–216|doi=10.1016/j.acn.2007.08.010|pmid=18096360|doi-access=free}} The model is viewed as a possible realization of Alexander Luria's theory in information-processing terms.{{Cite book|title=Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction|last1=Levin|first1=Harvey|last2=Eisenberg|first2=Howard|last3=Benton|first3=Arthur|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=0195062841|location=Oxford|pages=125}}

Together with John Fox, Shallice was also awarded a grant on cognitive modelling by the United Kingdom's Joint Council Initiative in Cognitive Science and Human-Computer Interaction.{{Cite book|title=Modelling High-level Cognitive Processes|last=Cooper|first=Richard|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-0805838831|location=Mahwah, NJ|pages=xiii}} The project developed an existing specification language for cognitive modelling and resulted to a prototype COGENT system.

Shallice also co-authored a study on the relationship of prospective and retrospective memory using neuropsychological evidence with Paul W. Burgess.{{Cite book|title=Cognitive Models of Memory|last=Conway|first=Martin A. |publisher=MIT Press|year=1997|isbn=0262032457|location=Cambridge, MA}} Shallice contributed in the development of neuropsychological tests including the Hayling and Brixton tests and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS).{{cite web|url=http://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk/Psychology/AdultCognitionNeuropsychologyandLanguage/AdultAttentionExecutiveFunction/BehaviouralAssessmentoftheDysexecutiveSyndrome(BADS)/BehaviouralAssessmentoftheDysexecutiveSyndrome(BADS).aspx|title=Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) - Pearson Assessment|website=www.pearsonclinical.co.uk|access-date=14 October 2017}}

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1996.{{cite web | url= http://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/| title = Fellows | publisher= Royal Society| access-date = 23 January 2011}}