Timeline of computer animation

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|1958

|To create the spirals seen in the opening credit sequence of his film, Alfred Hitchcock hired John Whitney, who used a WWII anti-aircraft targeting computer called "The M5 gun director" mounted on a rotating platform with a pendulum hanging above it that it tracked. Its scope was filmed to create the various spiral elements used in the opening sequence. The raw footage was curated with aid from graphic designer Saul Bass, and the final near two minute long sequence became the first computer animation in a feature film.{{cite web |url= https://www.diyphotography.net/alfred-hitchcocks-vertigo-possibly-first-movie-use-computer-animation/ |title= Alfred hitchcock's vertigo possibly the first movie to use computer animation |website= DIYPhotography |date= 12 May 2013 |access-date= 17 July 2022}}{{cite web |url= https://www.nfi.edu/what-is-cgi/ |title= What Is CGI? |website= Nashville Film Institute |date= 4 October 2021 |publisher= NFI|access-date= 17 July 2022 }}

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|1961

|In 1961, a 49-second vector animation of a car traveling up a planned highway at 110 km/h (70 mph) was created at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology on the BESK computer. The short animation was broadcast on November 9, 1961, on national television.{{cite web |url= https://www.tekniskamuseet.se/lar-dig-mer/kommunikation-och-media/datorhistoriska-nedslag/svensk-datorhistoria-1960-talet/ |title= Svensk datorhistoria – 1960-talet |last= Du Rietz |first= Peter |date= 20 December 2016 |website= Tekniska museet |access-date= 17 January 2017 |language= sv |trans-title= Swedish computer history - 1960s}}{{YouTube|XhNT501DsJI|"Världens äldsta datoranimation?"}}

|1963

|Edward E. Zajac, a researcher at Bell Labs, used an IBM computer to create a short showing a communication satellite orbiting Earth.[https://designandtheory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/a-michael-noll-early-digital-computer-art-2016.pdf Early Digital Computer Art at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated]

|1964

|William Fetter, a graphic designer working for Boeing, created the first wireframe animation.[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/82c7/1cc4f6c0a0f3070dc9c7b4493b20df64d937.pdf Boeing Man(1964): the origin of realistic algorithmic human figures]

|rowspan=2 align="center" |1967

|A ten-minute computer-animated film by Charles Csuri and James Shaffer. This was awarded a prize at the 4th annual International Experimental Film Competition in Brussels, Belgium and in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. The subject was a line drawing of a hummingbird for which a sequence of movements appropriate to the bird were programmed. Over 30,000 images comprising some 25 motion sequences were generated by the computer.{{cite web |url= http://www.siggraph.org/artdesign/profile/csuri/artworks/plot/plot9.html |title= Hummingbird, 1967 |last= Csuir |first= Charles |website= ACM SIGGRAPH |access-date= 17 January 2017 }}{{youTube|awvQp1TdBqc|Charles Csuri, Fragmentation Animations, 1968 - 1970: Hummingbird (1968)}}

|The first entertainment cartoon. Made by Tony Pritchett on the Atlas Computer Laboratory near Oxford and first shown publicly at the Cybernetic Serendipity exhibition in 1968.

|1968

|A group of Soviet mathematicians and physicists headed by Nikolay Konstantinov created a mathematically computable model of the physics of a moving cat. The algorithms were programmed on the BESM-4 computer. The computer then printed hundreds of frames to be later converted to film.{{cite web |url= http://www.etudes.ru/ru/mov/kittie/ |title= Кошечка |website= Mathematical Etudes |publisher= Mathematical Etudes Foundation |access-date= 17 January 2017 |language= ru |trans-title= Kitty}}{{cite web |url= http://www.themarysue.com/kitty-computer-animation-russia-1968-video/ |title= "Kitty": One of the First-Ever Computer Animations |last= Quigley |first= Robert |date= 22 March 2010 |website= The Mary Sue |publisher= The Mary Sue, LLC |access-date= 19 January 2017 }}{{YouTube|0O4mm3hXNgA|"Kitty. - N.Konstantinov."}} An accompanying scientific paper describes the foundation of the employed physics simulation techniques that nowadays are commonly applied to animation films and computer games.{{cite journal |last1= Konstantinov |first1= N.N. |last2= Minachin |first2= V.V. |last3= Ponomarenko |first3= V.Y. |date= 1974 |title= Программа, моделирующая механизм и рисующая мультфильм о нем |trans-title= The program that simulates the mechanism and draws a cartoon about it |url= http://www.etudes.ru/data/localdocs/koshechka.djvu |language= ru |journal= Проблемы кибернетики |location= Moscow, USSR | publisher= Наука |access-date= 6 October 2016 | issue= 28 | pages= 193–209 }}

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1971

|This is an experimental 2-D animated short drawn on a data tablet by Peter Foldes, who used the world's first key-frame animation software, invented by Nestor Burtnyk and Marceli Wein.{{cite web |url=http://www.nfb.ca/collection/films/fiche/?id=10954 |title=Metadata - NFB - Film Collection - National Film Board of Canada |website=www.nfb.ca |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321065011/http://www.nfb.ca/collection/films/fiche/?id=10954 |archive-date=2009-03-21}}{{Cite web | url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/aboutUs/nrc90/achievements/animation_e.html |title = Home - National Research Council Canada|date = April 2019}}{{Cite web |url=http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/nfbc.html |title=National Research Council of Canada |access-date=2008-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221929/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/nfbc.html |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/acl/literature/reports/p021.htm|title=USA Visit 1971|website=www.chilton-computing.org.uk}}

|First use of digital rendering within a feature film. A diagram of the underground laboratory was created using 2-D planes and a complex wireframe cylindrical core.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects9.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1970-1974 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

|Produced by Charles McGhie, some early computer-generated imagery techniques were combined with stop-motion and real-time visual effects to create the opening title sequence for the show's fourth and final series.

|First use of Scanimate in a feature film. The analog computer animation system was used to create sing-along segments for the Oompa Loompa song after Augustus Gloop and Veruca Salt get their comeuppance for their respective vices.[https://extendedstudies.ucsd.edu/news-and-events/division-of-extended-studies-blog/september-2012/getting-personal-with-animation-instructor-eric-van-hamersveld Getting personal with animation instructor Eric Van Hamersveld | Continuing Education | UC San Diego Division of Extended Studies]

|1972

|Produced by Ed Catmull, the short demonstrates a computer-animated hand, as well as human faces. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2011.

|1973

|First use of digital 2-D computer animation in a significant entertainment feature film. The point of view of Yul Brynner's gunslinger was achieved with raster graphics.{{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2004-09-14-sky-captain-cgi_x.htm | work=USA Today | title='Sky Captain' takes CGI to limit | first1=Scott | last1=Bowles | date=15 September 2004 | access-date=25 May 2010}}

|align="center" |1974

|Fred Parke's thesis film on facial modeling at the University of Utah.{{cite web |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/design/a16205/these-early-computer-animations-show-how-far-weve-come/ |title=These Early Computer Animations Show How Far We've Come |last1=Wenz |first1=John |date=Jun 25, 2015 |website=popularmechanics.com |access-date=March 19, 2016 }}

|1974

|An alien in the movie was created with CGI.[https://cinemaretro.com/index.php?/archives/12295-REMEMBERING-FILM-DIRECTOR-ALESSANDRO-MICHAEL-DE-GAETANO.html Remembering Film Director Alessandro Michael de Gaetano]

|1975

|The Academy Award-winning 1975 short animated film about the life of the Victorian engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel contains a brief sequence of a rotating wire-frame model of Brunel's final project, the iron steamship SS Great Eastern.

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1976

|Used Scanimate to create the forcefield in the Carousel sequence.

|First use of digital 3-D computer graphics for animated hand and face. Used 2-D digital compositing to materialize characters over a background.

|First use of a 3-D hidden-line removal movie depicting an architectural street scene.“Understanding BIM: The Past, Present and Future” Routledge 2020 Ingram Page 260{{cite news |last1=|first1= |title=The first architectural movie of a real street scene from 1976 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvI31PLC4-0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/yvI31PLC4-0 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|accessdate=6 April 2021 |work=youtube.com |date=}}{{cbignore}} It shows the planned Crown Courts in Hobart in 1976 and was used for planning approval. The buildings exist today.

|rowspan=2 align="center" |1977

|Used raster wire-frame model rendering for the Proteus IV's monitors.

|Used an animated 3-D wire-frame graphic for the trench run briefing sequence on Yavin 4. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 1989.

|rowspan=2 align="center" |1979

|Used raster wire-frame model rendering for navigation monitors in the landing sequence. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2002.

|Used raster wire-frame model rendering for the opening credits depicting a 3-D wire-frame of a black hole.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects10.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1975-1979 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|align="center" |1981

|First computer-generated model of a whole human body. Also, first use of 3-D shaded CGI.{{cite book | last = Netzley | first = Patricia D | title = Encyclopedia of Movie Special Effects | publisher = Checkmark Books | year = 2001 | page = 49}}

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1982

|The New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab debuted a trailer at SIGGRAPH for their CGI project. This would have been the first feature-length CGI film, but it was never completed.

|ILM computer graphics division develops "Genesis Effect", the first use of a fractal-generated landscape in a film.{{cite news|author=Pegoraro, Rob|date=June 29, 2008|title=Incredibles, Inc; The story of how computer programmers transformed the art of movie animation|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=W8}} Bill Reeves leads the Genesis Effect programming team, and creates a new graphics technique called "Particle Systems".

|First extensive use of CGI including the Light Cycle sequence.{{Cite web|url=http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tron.html|title=Tron - The 1982 movie|access-date=2010-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525083246/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tron.html|archive-date=2009-05-25|url-status=dead}} Also includes very early facial animation (for the Master Control Program). A sequence of 15 minutes of the film was fully computer-generated.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1983

|First Star Wars film to use shaded CGI. Translucent shaded models were used for the holographic diagram of the second Death Star orbiting Endor during the Rebel briefing sequence. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2021.

|First animated film to use computer graphics.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects12.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1980-1982 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

|First Japanese animated film to incorporate CGI sequences.{{cite book |last=Hughes |first=David |title=Comic Book Movies |publisher=Virgin Books |isbn=0-7535-0767-6 |date=2003|page=27}} Entirely digital models of revolvers, skeletons, helicopters, and skyscrapers (created by Toyo Links Corporation and Osaka University's CG division) are used in the film's title sequence and part of the climax; the remainder of the film is traditionally animated by Tokyo Movie Shinsha.

| First 3-D generated film telling a story, shown in Electronic Theater in SIGGRAPH '83.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1984

|Uses CGI for all spaceship shots, replacing traditional models. First use of "integrated CGI" where the effects are supposed to represent real world objects.

|Uses CGI for spaceships and other scenes.

|Lucasfilm's computer animation division creates an all-CGI-animated short. The first CGI animation with motion blur effects and squash and stretch motion.

|Jupiter's turbulent atmosphere is CGI-rendered, mostly during the black spot shots.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1985

|First CGI-animated human character to express emotion through his face and body language.{{cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.12/3.12pages/townsendcanada.php3|title=Along the Banks of the St. Lawrence|website=awn.com}}

|The first animated series to use digital ink and paint.

|Lucasfilm creates the first photorealistic CGI character, "stained glass knight" with 10 seconds of screentime.Netzley, p. 246.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects12.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1983-1985 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

|The first computer-generated music video. The animators would go on to found Mainframe Entertainment.

|rowspan=7 align="center" |1986

|First realistic CGI animal.

|The first Disney film to extensively use computer animation --notably for the two-minute clock tower sequence.

|The first use of reflection mapping in a feature film, used for the flying alien spacecraft.

|First digital wire removal in a feature film. First use of the Pixar Image Computer in film.[https://beforesandafters.com/2021/05/20/vfx-firsts-what-was-the-first-digital-wire-removal-shot-in-a-film/ VFX Firsts: What was the first digital wire-removal shot in a film? - befores & afters]

|First use of shadows in CGI, made with the specially developed software Photorealistic Renderman. First Pixar film, and first CGI film to be nominated for an Academy Award. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2014.

|First use of the Cyberware 3-D scanner, first 3-D morphing.

|First use of primitive photorealistic morphing.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects13.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1986-1988 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1987

|First TV series to include characters modeled entirely with computers.

|First game show with interaction between humans and computer-generated surroundings.

|First 3-D generated film involving virtual actors Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogart

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1988

|First extensive photorealistic use of CGI morphing effect in a feature film.Netzley, p. 239.

|CGI is used to animate the pattern indicator, and to plot the paths of falling objects, model parallax effects on backgrounds, and tweak lighting and lens flares.

|First computer-animated short film to win an Academy Award. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2003.

|rowspan=3 align="center"|1989

|First digital CGI water visual effect.Netzley, p. 50.

|TV series with real-time and rendered CGI featuring digitally puppeteered CGI character "Waldo."

|First broadcast series of animated CGI shorts.

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1990

|Use of motion capture for CGI characters. This primitive form of motion capture involved tracing the animation of CGI skeleton models by hand over footage of the performers.

|First digitally-manipulated matte painting.

|An early use of real-time computer graphics or "digital puppetry" to create a character in a motion picture.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects14.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1989-1991 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite | access-date=October 3, 2012}}

|First 2-D animated film to be produced with solely digital ink and paint (CAPS). First fully digital feature film.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1991

|First use of photorealistic CGI fire in a motion picture.

|First realistic human movements on a CGI character. The first partially computer-generated main character and the first blockbuster movie to feature multiple morphing effects. First use of a personal computer to create major movie 3-D effects. Inducted to the National Film Registry in 2023.

|First use of photorealistic CGI architectural fly-through. First use of human movement on a CGI character

|One of the earliest computer-animated series.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1992

|First feature film to use computer animation to explore the subject of virtual reality. First virtual reality sex scene.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects15.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1992-1994 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite}}

|First computer-generated crowds.

|First human skin CGI software.

|First use of a green screen for digital chroma key compositing in a feature film.

| rowspan="6" align="center" |1993

|First television series to use CGI as the primary method for its visual effects. First TV use of virtual sets.

|First fully CGI-animated TV special.

|First photorealistic CGI creatures. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2018.

|First TV program to feature a live computer-generated character as part of its cast.

|First completely computer-animated direct-to-video release.

|First fully computer-animated TV series. First use of character animation in a computer-animated television series.

|rowspan=5 align="center" |1994

|First deceased actor (Brandon Lee) to be re-created through CGI.

|First CGI-rendered fur.

|First use of CGI to transform a live actor into a photorealistic cartoon character.

|First half-hour computer-animated TV series.{{cite news|title= 'Reboot' Is First Series to Be Fully Computerized |newspaper= LA Times|date=1994-11-10|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-10-ca-61086-story.html|access-date=2010-08-23 | first=Sharon | last=Bernstein}}

|First use of virtual CGI sets with live actors.{{cite book | author= Marcus Hearn | title = The Cinema of George Lucas | publisher =Harry N. Abrams, Inc. | year =2005 | pages =79–80 | isbn = 0-8109-4968-7 | location = New York City}}

|rowspan=5 align="center" |1995

|First CGI lead character in a feature-length live-action film, and first CGI characters to interact realistically with live-actors.

|First CGI stunt doubles, created through motion capture.

|First realistic CGI water.

|First use of digital compositing to create a period-appropriate setting, and first use of radiosity lighting in a feature film.

|First CGI feature-length animation. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2005.

| rowspan="5" |1996

|Second feature-length CGI animation and first CGI feature film not to use scanned models for heads. First Brazilian CGI feature animation. Produced and released by NDR Filmes.

|First film to use motion-capture CGI to portray a character.

|First half-hour computer-animated TV series to use motion capture for their characters.

|First 2-D all-CGI backgrounds with live-actors. First film to use ILM's Caricature software (created during the film's production).

|First CGI Transformers animated series produced by Mainframe Entertainment. Sequel to the original Transformers.

|rowspan=4 align="center" |1997

|First re-release of a film to incorporate CGI characters and elements.

|First CGI film created for viewing with 3-D glasses.

|First extensive use of CGI fire in a feature film beyond sweetening. First film to integrate a CGI fabric onto a character's costume.{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/visualeffects14.html |title=Greatest Visual and Special Effects (F/X) - Milestones in Film, 1997-1998 | last = Dirks | first = Tim |website= Filmsite.org | publisher = Filmsite | access-date=March 3, 2024}}

|First wide-release feature film with CGI elements rendered under the open-source Linux operating system.{{cite web | url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6339 | publisher=Linux Journal | title=Linux and Star Trek | author=Rowe, Robin | date=2003-01-01}} Also included a number of advances, specifically in the rendering of flowing water.

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1998

|First CGI anamorphic widescreen film. First all-digital transfer to DVD. First film to be reframed for home video releases.

|First major use of digital effects in a British TV series.

|First use of CGI in combination with 3-D location scanning (Lidar) and motion-analysis based 3-D camera tracking in a feature film.

|rowspan=3 align="center" |1999

|First photogrammetry based virtual cinematography scenes, including the first bullet time sex scene with fully naked body renderings of body doubles for Helena Bonham Carter and Brad Pitt; renderings of different settings with both extreme close-ups and wide shots; and the first very photorealistic close-up rendering of a human face - which also belongs to a famous actor in a leading role (Edward Norton) - with detailed facial deformation and extreme close-ups (starting at the cell-level of the brain, flying through the different layers of tissues, a follicle and the skin with sweat droplets).

|First use of CGI interpolation with bullet time effects. Added to the National Film Registry in 2012.

|First film to have a fully CGI-rendered supporting character using performance footage captured on-set, pioneering this commonly used technique. Extensive use of CGI for thousands of shots, including backgrounds, visual effects, vehicles, and crowds.

!Film

!Year

!Notes

| rowspan="4" align="center" |2001

|First CGI feature-length digital film to be made based on photorealism and live-action principles. The first theatrically released feature film to utilize motion capture for all of its characters actions.{{cite magazine| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997597,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051121073232/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997597,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=November 21, 2005 | magazine=Time | title=Cinema: A Painstaking Fantasy | date=2000-07-31}}

|First CGI feature-length movie made using off-the-shelf hardware and software.

|First CGI-animated movie to win an Academy Award for the Best Animated Feature Film. Added to the United States National Film Registry in 2020.

|First use of AI for digital actors (using the Massive software developed by Weta Digital).

| rowspan="3" align="center" |2002

|First virtual actor to win an award (Critics' Choice Movie Awards by Andy Serkis playing Gollum), in the newly created category Best Digital Acting Performance

|First digitally rendered photorealistic costume.

|First CGI full-length feature animated film exclusively rendered with a ray tracer (CGI Studio).{{Cite web|url=http://www.awn.com/animationworld/ray-tracers-blue-sky-studios|title=Ray Tracers: Blue Sky Studios|access-date=2016-06-30}}

|align="center" |2003

|The Burly Brawl - the first use of "universal capture", the combination of markerless motion capture, per-frame texture capture and optical flow of pixels over the data from 7 camera setup bought into a shared UV space by projection onto a neutral expression geometry leading to the introduction of realistic digital look-alikes

| rowspan="5" align="center" |2004

|First movie shot completely on a green screen using digitally scanned images as backgrounds.

|First CGI-animated series to use Cel-shaded designs and backgrounds mixed with 2-D elements.

|First feature film to use global illumination.{{cite web |last=Christensen |first=Per H. |date=July 2010 |title=Point-Based Global Illumination for Movie Production |url=https://graphics.pixar.com/library/PointBasedGlobalIlluminationForMovieProduction/paper.pdf |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=graphics.pixar.com}}

|First movie with all-CGI backgrounds and live-actors.{{cite magazine| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.05/conran.html | magazine=Wired | title=Kid Robot and the World of Tomorrow}}

|First computer-animated film to be created with motion capture.

|align="center" |2005

|First feature-length computer-animated film released in 3D.

|align="center" |2006

|First CGI short movie released as completely open source. Made with open-source software, theatrical and DVD release under Creative Commons License.{{cite web|url=http://www.elephantsdream.org/|title=Elephants Dream|website=www.elephantsdream.org}} Unique that all 3D models, animatics and software are included on the DVD free for any use.

|align="center" |2007

|First CGI feature film to be animated by one person. Made with Lightwave 3D and Adobe After Effects.{{Cite web|url=http://www.flatlandthefilm.com/news.php?CurrentPage=15|title=Flatland director Ladd Ehlinger Jr. starts column Filmmaker's Perspective for GreenCine.com|publisher=Flatland}}

|rowspan=3 align="center" |2009

|First CGI feature-length movie made using open source/free software for all 3-D models, animation, lighting and render process, under Linux operating system.

|First full-length movie made using motion capture to create photorealistic 3-D characters and to feature a fully CG 3-D photorealistic world. The first virtual art department and complete virtual production pipeline was developed by director James Cameron and team to create the film in real-time.

|First computer-animated feature to be nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture.

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|2013

|First-ever use of a virtual production set on a feature film.

|2018

|First television series produced entirely using a game engine (specifically Unreal Engine 4).

|2018

|First feature film to heavily use machine learning on artist-generated original data to aid production.{{Cite web |last=Grochola |first=Pav |date=2019-05-20 |title=Ink Lines and Machine Learning - fxguide |url=https://www.fxguide.com/fxfeatured/ink-lines-and-machine-learning/ |access-date=2023-10-26 |website=www.fxguide.com/ |language=en-US}}

|2019

|First usage of a 360-degree LED screen to combine virtual sets with live action actors.

!Film

!Year

!Notes

|2022

|First use of motion capture in underwater photography.

|2025

|The first film fully made from generative AI. The film is also the first animated film over 24 hours.{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2025 |title=First at 4 Forum: Samuel Felinton & Declan Mungovan |url=https://www.wdtv.com/2025/02/13/first-4-forum-samuel-felinton-declan-mungovan/ |access-date=2025-02-13 |publisher=WDTV5}}