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Timeline of Avignon

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File:Avignon, Palais des Papes depuis Tour Philippe le Bel by JM Rosier.jpg]]

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Avignon in southern France.

{{Dynamic list}}

{{History of France}}

Prior to 14th century

14th century

15th century

  • 1408 - Antipope Benedict XIII escapes from Avignon.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=47}}
  • 1417 - Western Schism ends with the election in Rome of Pope Martin V.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=48}}
  • 1475 - Diocese of Avignon elevated to an archdiocese.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=71}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=335}}
  • 1479–1488 - City walls repaired and remodelled with the reduction in the number of gates from twelve to seven. The work was initiated by Archbishop Giuliano della Rovere who subsequently became Pope Julius II.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=342-343}}
  • 1481 - Avignon becomes an enclave when Provence becomes part of France with the death of Charles II, Count of Provence.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=71}}

16th century

  • 1517 - Italian scholars Sannazar de Ripa and André Alciat arrive to teach at the University of Avignon.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=322}}
  • 1561 - Pope Pius IV sends his cousin, Fabrizio Serbelloni, to organise the defence of the town against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion (1562–1598).{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=75}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=344}}
  • 1564 - Jesuit college established in the town.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=193}}
  • 1580 - Outbreak of plague.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=347}}

17th century

  • 1662–1663 - Opening of three city gates that had been walled up during the Wars of Religion. The gates were: Porte de la Ligne, Porte de l'Oulle and the Porte Saint-Roch.{{sfn|Clap|Huet|2005|p=30}}
  • 1662–1664 - Annexation of Avignon by Louis XIV of France.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=82}}
  • 1669 - Pont Saint-Bénézet abandoned.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=368}}
  • 1688–1689 - Annexation of Avignon by Louis XIV of France.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=82}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=414–415}}

18th century

  • 1753 - Work begins to remove a section of the Rocher des Doms to widen the towpath along the Rhône.{{sfn|Clap|Huet|2005|p=30}}
  • 1755 - Severe flooding with more than three quarters of the town under water.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=349}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=453}}
  • 1768–1774 - Annexation of Avignon by Louis XV of France.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=82–83}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=469–472}}
  • 1791
  • 14 September - Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin declared part of France during the French Revolution.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=88}}
  • Massacres of La Glacière{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=88}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=494–498}}
  • 1792 - Avignon becomes part of the Bouches-du-Rhône souveraineté.{{Cassini-Ehess|2184 |Avignon}}
  • 1794 - Montfavet becomes part of Avignon.
  • 1796 - Archives départementales de Vaucluse established.{{cite web |url=http://archives.vaucluse.fr/qui-sommes-nous/ |title=Qui sommes-nous? |work=Archives départementales de Vaucluse |language=fr |publisher=Conseil départemental de Vaucluse |access-date=7 November 2016 }}{{Citation |publisher = Éditions Picard |location = Paris |author1= Charles-Victor Langlois |author-link= Charles-Victor Langlois |author2= Henri Stein |title = Les archives de l'histoire de France |date = 1891 |language=fr |chapter=Archives départementales: Vaucluse |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/lesarchivesdelhi00languoft#page/260/mode/1up }}
  • 1797 - 19 February - Treaty of Tolentino in which Pope Pius VI formally cedes control of Avignon to France.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=89}}

19th century

  • 1800 - Population: 21,412.
  • 1801
  • Canton of Avignon-Nord and Canton of Avignon-Sud created.
  • Lycée d'agriculture, des sciences et des arts founded.{{cite web |url= http://cths.fr/an/liste.php?sc=ss&nom=&dissoute=&ville=Avignon |title= Sociétés savantes de France (Avignon) |publisher=Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques |language=fr |location=Paris |access-date=7 November 2016 }}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=514}}
  • 1802 - Chamber of Commerce established.{{cite book|author1= United States Department of Commerce |author2= Archibald J. Wolfe |title=Commercial Organizations in France |year= 1915 |publisher= Government Printing Office |location=USA |chapter= List of Chambers | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3xHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA34 }}
  • 1811 - Calvet Museum established.{{cite web | url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/documentation/museo/index.htm |title= (Avignon) |work=Muséofile: Répertoire des musées français |language=fr |publisher=Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication |access-date= 7 November 2016 }}
  • 1815 - Guillaume Brune assassinated.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=525–526}}
  • 1819 - Construction completed of a wooden bridge across the Rhône.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=354}}
  • 1822 - Cimetière Saint-Véran (cemetery) established.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=564}}
  • 1823 - Demolition of the 10th century Benedictine Convent of Saint-Laurent to make way for a new theatre and to enlarge the Place de l'Horlorge. The convent had been unoccupied since the revolution.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=92, 177, 179}}
  • 1825 - Théâtre Municipal opens on the Place de l'Horloge.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=179}}
  • 1828 - L'Écho de Vaucluse begins publication.{{cite web |url=http://presselocaleancienne.bnf.fr/html/villes | title=Villes, villages: Avignon |work=Presse locale ancienne |publisher= Bibliothèque nationale de France |language=fr |access-date=7 November 2016 }}
  • 1840 - Severe flooding in the town.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=348–349}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=560–561}}
  • 1843 - Suspension bridge opens linking Avignon to the Île de la Barthelasse.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=354}}
  • 1844–1845 - Demolition of the 14th century cardinal's palace, la livrée d'Albano, except for the Jacquemart tower, to make way for the construction of a new Hôtel de Ville.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=177-180}}
  • 1847 - Théâtre Municipal/Opéra d'Avignon rebuilt.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=180}}
  • 1849
  • Railway line linking Avignon with Marseille opened.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=554}}
  • Société d'agriculture founded.{{cite web |url=http://data.bnf.fr/12553072/societe_d_agriculture_et_d_horticulture_vaucluse/ |title=Société d'agriculture et d'horticulture, Vaucluse |work=Data.bnf.fr |language=fr |publisher=Bibliothèque nationale de France |access-date=7 November 2016 }}
  • 1852 - Final demolition of the Dominican monastery north of the rue d'Annanelle (Le couvent des Dominicains or des Frères prêcheurs) with its large 14th century church. The monastery had been established in 1220 but had been converted into a foundry during the Revolution.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=218-219}}
  • 1854
  • Railway line linking Avignon with Paris opened.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=555}}{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=187}}
  • Cholera epidemic strikes the town.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=561–563}}
  • 1856 - Severe flooding in the town and the collapse of a section of the city walls.{{sfn|Girard|1958|pp=348–348}}{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=561}}
  • 1856 - Hôtel de Ville completed.{{cite web|url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-avignon.fr%2Ffr%2Fculture%2Fhistoire%2Fvingt.php#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |title=History: XIXe et XXe siècles|publisher=Mayor of Avignon|access-date=24 October 2024}}
  • 1860 - Gare d'Avignon-Centre (train station) built.
  • 1870 - Morières-lès-Avignon splits from Avignon to form its own commune.
  • 1881 - Le Radical de Vaucluse newspaper begins publication.
  • 1896 - Demolition of the 14th century city gate, La Porte Limbert.{{sfn|Girard|1958|p=346}}{{sfn|Clap|Huet|2005|p=117}}
  • 1899
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|Compagnie des tramways électriques d'Avignon|fr|3=Compagnie des tramways électriques d'Avignon|lt=Electric tram}} begins operating.
  • {{Interlanguage link multi|École des Beaux-Arts d'Avignon|fr}} and Société avignonnaise des concerts symphoniques founded.

20th century

  • 1901 - Population: 43,453.
  • 1909 - A stone bridge, the Nouveau Pont, replaces the wooden bridge across the Villeneuve branch of the Rhône.{{ cite web | last1=Delétoille | first1=S. | last2=Havard | first2=I. | last3=Decrock | first3=B. | title=Pont en pierre sur le bras de Villeneuve dit Nouveau Pont (Dossier IA84000949 réalisé en 2011 ) | url=https://dossiersinventaire.maregionsud.fr/gertrude-diffusion/dossier/pont-en-pierre-sur-le-bras-de-villeneuve-dit-nouveau-pont/e6ce0d77-2f85-49de-81a6-6587864787f8 | publisher=Inventaire général du Patrimoine culturel, Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur | access-date=26 September 2018 }}
  • 1913 - AC Arles-Avignon (football club) formed.
  • 1925 - Le Pontet is split from Avignon to form a separate commune.
  • 1929 - Société d'étude des sciences naturelles de Vaucluse founded.
  • 1935 - Serious flooding of the town by the Rhône.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=660}}{{sfn|Pardé|1936}}
  • 1937 - Avignon-Caumont Aerodrome established.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=605}}
  • 1944
  • 27 May - Bombs dropped by American aircraft on the south of the town destroy railway lines, some industrial buildings and 600 houses. There are 500 dead and 800 injured.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|p=640}}
  • 25 June - Bombs damage the railway viaduct across the Rhône, the suspension bridge, the goods yard of the station and the rue de la République.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=640–641}}
  • 1947 - Festival d'Avignon begins.{{sfn|Gagnière et al.|1979|pp=683–684}}
  • 1973 - Canton of Avignon-Est and Canton of Avignon-Ouest created.
  • 1975
  • Parc des Sports (Avignon) (stadium) opens.
  • Population: 90,786.
  • 1979 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Transports en Commun de la Région d'Avignon|fr|3=Transports en commun d'Avignon}} (transit entity) in operation.
  • 1982 - Avignon becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
  • 1984
  • Avignon Film Festival begins.
  • Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse created.{{cite web | title=Le Campus Hannah Arendt | url=http://univ-avignon.fr/universite/le-campus-hannah-arendt-1920.kjsp | access-date=14 July 2020 }}
  • 1986 - Archives Municipales d’Avignon (city archives) established.{{cite web |url=http://archives.avignon.fr/archives/ |title=Archives Municipales d'Avignon |language=fr |publisher=Mairie d'Avignon |access-date=7 November 2016 }}
  • 1997 - Main campus of the Université d’Avignon (Campus Hannah Arendt), established on the site of the former Hôpital Sainte-Marthe.

21st century

  • 2001
  • Gare d'Avignon TGV (train station) opens.
  • Agglomeration community Grand Avignon (regional government) created.
  • 2003 - Flooding of the Île de la Barthelasse and parts of the town by the Rhône.{{cite report | title=Monographie de la crue du Rhône de décembre 2003: Déroulement des inondations | location=Lyon | publisher=Direction Régional de l'Environnement Rhône-Alpe | isbn=978-2-11-098406-7 | pages=54–57 | url=https://www.plan-rhone.fr/fileadmin/medias/Publications/Inondations/monographie_de_la_crue_de_2003/Analyse_hydrologique_dec_2003.pdf }}
  • 2006 - Population: 90,800.
  • 2009 - Vélopop' bikeshare begins.
  • 2013 - {{Interlanguage link multi|Virgule d'Avignon|fr}} (train) begins operating.
  • 2014 - Cécile Helle becomes mayor.
  • 2024 - Internationally acclaimed Mazan rapes trial is held in the city for Dominique Pelicot and 50 co-defendants, with all 51 defendants receiving convictions.{{Cite web |title=Ex-husband of Gisele Pelicot found guilty in France mass rape trial |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241219-ex-husband-of-gisele-pelicot-found-guilty-in-france-mass-rape-trial |access-date=19 December 2024 |work=France 24 }}{{cite news|title=Frenchman found guilty in horrific rape trial that shocked the world|first=Bradford|last=Betzurl|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/frenchman-found-guilty-horrific-rape-trial-shocked-world|work=Fox News|date=19 December 2024}}{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/france-gisele-pelicot-rape-trial-verdicts-2b25791099f785fabb3c46123d30d9f9|title=Gisèle Pelicot speaks after ex-husband found guilty of rapes, sentenced to 20 years in France|first1=John|last1=Leicester|first2=Tom|last2=Nouvian|first3=Marine|last3=Lespirit|date=19 December 2024|work=Associated Press|accessdate=19 December 2024|language=en}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{ cite book | last=Aliquot | first=Hervé | display-authors=etal | year=1988 | title=Avignon au Moyen Age : textes et documents | location=Avignon | series=Archives du Sud | publisher=Aubanel | language=fr | isbn=978-2-7006-0132-9 | ref={{sfnref|Aliquot et al.|1988}} }}
  • {{ cite book | last1=Clap | first1=Sylvestre | last2=Huet | first2=Oliver | year=2005 | title=Les Remparts d'Avignon | language=fr | place=Avignon | publisher=Benezet | isbn=2-9522-367-1-2 }}
  • {{cite book | last=Gagnière | first=Sylvain | year=1979 | title=Histoire d'Avignon | publisher=Édisud | place=Aix-en-Provence, France | isbn=2-85744-056-1 | language=fr | ref={{sfnref|Gagnière et al.|1979}}|display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite book | last= Girard | first=Joseph | year=1958 | title= Évocation du Vieil Avignon | publisher= Les Éditions de Minuit | place=Paris | oclc= 5391399 | language=fr }}
  • {{cite book |editor-last=Overall | editor-first=William Henry |year=1870 |title= Dictionary of Chronology |publisher=William Tegg |location=London |chapter= Avignon | hdl=2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=60 |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=60 }}
  • {{cite journal | last= Pardé | first= Maurice | year=1936 | title= La grande crue du Rhône en novembre 1935 | journal= Revue de géographie alpine | volume=24 | issue=24–2 | pages=395–420 | doi= 10.3406/rga.1936.3535 | language=fr | url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rga_0035-1121_1936_num_24_2_3535 }}
  • {{cite book| last= Vincent | first=Benjamin | year=1910 | chapter=Avignon | title=Haydn's Dictionary of Dates | location=London | publisher=Ward and Lock | page=[https://archive.org/details/haydnsdictionary11hayd/page/112 112] | url=https://archive.org/details/haydnsdictionary11hayd }}

{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Avignon+France&rows=96 Items related to Avignon], various dates (via Europeana)
  • [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=Avignon+France Items related to Avignon], various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

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