Timeline of Bursa

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bursa, Turkey.

Prior to 14th century

183 BCE – Prusa founded by Prusias I of Bithynia.{{sfn|Broadrup|1995}}
76 BCE – Bithynia becomes part of Roman Empire.{{sfn|Broadrup|1995}}
730 CE – Hagios Stephanos (church) built.
947 CE – City besieged by forces of Sayf al-Dawla of Aleppo.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1097 – Seljuqs in power (approximate date).{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1204
City besieged by French forces led by Pierre de Bracheux and Payen d'Orleans.{{sfn|Black|1910}}
City becomes part of the Nicaean Empire.

14th–18th centuries

1326 – Siege of Bursa; city becomes capital of Ottoman Empire.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1331 – Traveller Ibn Battuta visits city.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1335 – Alaeddin Bey Mosque built.{{cite web |url= http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1566 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009161346/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1566 |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2012 |title= Bursa |author=ArchNet }}
1339 – Orhan Camii (mosque) built.{{sfn|Broadrup|1995}}
1385 - Hüdavendigar Mosque completed.
1395 – Bayezid I Mosque built in Yıldırım.{{sfn|Grove|2009}}
1399 – Ulu Cami (mosque) built.
1402 – City besieged by Timurids.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1413 – City besieged by Karaman forces.{{sfn|Broadrup|1995}}
1421
Yesil Mosque and Yesil Türbe (mausoleum) built.
Green Mosque, Bursa built.
1424 – Madrasa built.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1426 – Muradiye Complex built.
1442 – Irgandi Bridge built near city.{{cite web

|url = http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/index2.php?page=Country&id=52

|title= Bursa

|work= Islamic Cultural Heritage Database

|publisher= Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture |location=Istanbul |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130516092953/http://www.islamicarchitecturedatabase.org/ircica/index2.php?page=Country&id=52 |url-status =usurped |archive-date = 16 May 2013 }}

1453 – Capital of Ottoman Empire relocates from Bursa to Istanbul.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1487 – Population: 40,000.{{sfn|Faroqhi|2008}}
1490 – Koza Han (caravansary) built.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
16th C. – Mayor Synagogue (Bursa) built (approximate date).
1512 – Ala ed-Din in power.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1552 – Yeni Kaplica (bath) built.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1607 – City besieged by Kalenderogli.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1674 – Inebey Madrasa built in Tahtakale.

19th century

1801 – Fire.{{sfn|Murray|1907}}
1802 – Fire.{{sfn|Murray|1907}}
1804 – Emir Sultan Mosque rebuilt.
1814 – Sultan Abdülmecid visits city.{{cite web |url=http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/763 |title=About Bursa: History |publisher=Uludağ University |location=Bursa |access-date=5 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204181633/http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/763 |archive-date=4 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
1823 – Population: 60,000 (approximate).{{sfn|Morse|1823}}
1845 – Isiklar Military High School established.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1852 – Brotte hotel in business.{{sfn|Cuinet|1894}}
1855 – 28 February: Earthquake.
1864 – Gumuslu Kumbet (Silvered Tomb) rebuilt.{{sfn|Kuran|1996}}
1869
Hamidiye Technical School opens.{{cite web |url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,33810/ottoman-capital-bursa.html |title=City Guide: Bursa |publisher=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism |access-date=5 February 2013}}
Bursa newspaper begins publication.
1875 – Orphanage founded.{{sfn|Murray|1907}}
1879 – Ahmet Vefik Pasha Theater built.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1883 – Egyptians in power.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1891 – Mudania-Bursa railway begins operating.{{cite book |title=Diplomatic and Consular Reports: Turkey |year=1892 |publisher=Great Britain, Foreign Office }}

20th century

1902
Bursa Archaeological Museum established.
The export of silk in 1902 valued at £620,000.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1904 - Bursa Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art established.
1910 – Population: 75,000.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1920 – City taken by Greek forces.{{sfn|Stanley|2008}}
1923 – City becomes part of the newly formed Republic of Turkey.
1929 - Bursa Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art relocated.
1932 – Tayyare theatre opens.{{cite web |url= http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/779 |title= About Bursa: Culture |publisher= Uludağ University |location= Bursa |access-date= 5 February 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130204181800/http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/779 |archive-date= 4 February 2013 |df= dmy-all }}
1944 – Military airport established.
1945 – Ant newspaper begins publication.{{cite web |url=http://catalog.crl.edu/search~S3/X?SEARCH=(bursa)&SORT=D&v=s&x=tu |publisher=Center for Research Libraries |location=Chicago, USA |title= Global Resources Network |access-date=5 February 2013}}
1949 – Ormancı gazetesi newspaper begins publication.
1950
Hakimiyet milletindir newspaper begins publication.
Population: 103,812.{{cite web |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm |work=Demographic Yearbook 1955 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |title=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants }}
1951 – İşçi sesi newspaper begins publication.
1952 – Gece postası newspaper begins publication.
1953 – Milletyolu newspaper begins publication (approximate date).
1962 – International Bursa Festival begins.{{cite web |url=http://www.efa-aef.eu/en/festivals/members/profile/890/International%20Bursa%20Festival/ |title=International Bursa Festival |location=Gent, Belgium |publisher=European Festivals Association |access-date=5 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119150034/http://www.efa-aef.eu/en/festivals/members/profile/890/International%20Bursa%20Festival/ |archive-date=19 January 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
1963 – Bursaspor football club formed.
1970 – Maarif Koleji (Education College) established.
1972 – Archaeological Museum of Bursa opens.{{cite web |url= http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/777 |title= About Bursa: Museums |publisher= Uludağ University |location= Bursa |access-date= 5 February 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130204181812/http://en.uludag.edu.tr/Icerik/index/konu/777 |archive-date= 4 February 2013 |df= dmy-all }}
1973
Atatürk Museum established.
Population: 318,209 city; 426,567 urban agglomeration (approximate).{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}
1974 – Tofaş Sports Club formed.
1975
Bursa University established.
Turkish and Islamic Works Museum established in the Yesil complex.
1979 – Bursa Atatürk Stadium opens.
1984 – Population: 535,500 (estimate).{{cite book |url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm |title=1985 Demographic Yearbook |year=1987 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=247–289 }}
1989 - Bursa Forestry Museum opened.
1996 – Population: 1,211,688.{{citation |title=Census |date=October 1996 }}
1998
Bursa State Symphony Orchestra founded.
Bursa International Fair Building constructed.
2000
Yenisehir Airport begins operating civilian flights.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}
Borçelik headquarters building constructed.

21st century

2002
Bursaray metro transit begins operating.
Bursa Book Fair begins (approximate date).{{cite web |url= http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/lifestyle/11101874_p.asp |title=7th edition of Bursa Book Fair opens at weekend |date=28 February 2009 |work=Hürriyet Daily News }}
2008 – Wholesale Grocer and Fish Market, and Merinos Cultural Centre built.
2010 – Bursa Technical University established.
2011
Bursa Orhangazi University established.
Population: 1,704,441.
2012 - Bursa Energy Museum established.
2016 – 2016 Bursa bombing
2017 - Population: 2,936,803 (estimate, urban agglomeration).{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.

Bibliography

;Published in 19th century

{{Citation |publisher = J. White |publication-place = London |title = Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792 |author = William Hunter |publication-date = 1803 |edition=3rd |oclc = 10321359 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughfr01hunt#page/246/mode/2up |chapter=(Brusa)

}}

{{Citation |publisher = S. Converse |publication-place = New Haven |author1 = Jedidiah Morse |author-link1=Jedidiah Morse |author2=Richard C. Morse |title = A New Universal Gazetteer |publication-date = 1823 |edition= 4th |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/newuniversalgaze00morsrich#page/134/mode/2up |chapter=Bursa

| ref = {{harvid|Morse|1823}}

}}

{{Citation |publisher = John Murray |author = John Fuller |title = Narrative of a Tour Through Some Parts of the Turkish Empire |publication-date = 1830 |oclc = 15470157 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/narrativeatourt00fullgoog#page/n84/mode/2up |chapter=(Brusa)

}}

{{cite book |title=Commercial Statistics |author=John Macgregor |publisher=C. Knight and Co. |location=London |year= 1844 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wnVPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102 |chapter=Trade of Brussa

}}

{{Citation |publisher = Frederick Warne & Co. |publication-place = London |author = George Henry Townsend |title = A Manual of Dates |publication-date = 1867 |edition=2nd |chapter=Brusa |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/manualofdatesdic00townrich#page/180/mode/1up }}
{{cite journal |title=On the Slopes of Olympus |journal=Gentleman's Magazine |author=J.T. Bent |year=1889 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=2CozAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA264

}}

{{cite book |series=La Turquie d'Asie |title=Vilayet de Brousse |author-link=Vital Cuinet|author= Vital Cuinet |year=1894 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ussTAAAAIAAJ |location=Paris |publisher= Ernest Leroux |language=fr

| ref = {{harvid|Cuinet|1894}}

}}

;Published in 20th century

{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pYXVAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA169 |chapter=Brusa |publisher = Macmillan and Co. |publication-place = London |title= Guide to Greece, the Archipelago, Constantinople, the Coasts of Asia Minor |year=1907

}}

{{Citation |publisher = J. Murray |publication-place = London |title = Handbook for Travellers in Constantinople, Brusa, and the Troad |publication-date = 1907 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VRFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA125 |chapter=Brusa

| ref = {{harvid|Murray|1907}}

}} (+ [https://archive.org/stream/ahandbookfortra22firgoog#page/n216/mode/2up 1854 ed.])

{{Citation |publisher =Adam and Charles Black |publication-place = London |title =Guide to Constantinople |author = Demetrius Coufopoulos |edition =4th |publication-date = 1910 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/guidetoconstanti00coufuoft#page/186/mode/2up |chapter=Brusa

| ref = {{harvid|Black|1910}}

}}

{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Brusa |volume= 4 | page = 691 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
{{citation |author=H. Gerber |title=Guilds in Seventeenth Century Bursa |work=Asian and African Studies |year=1976

}}

{{cite journal |title=A Short History of the Bursa Silk Industry (1500–1900) |author= Murat Çịzakça |journal= Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |volume= 23 |year=1980

}}

{{cite journal |title=Social and Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600–1700 |author= Haim Gerber |journal= International Journal of Middle East Studies |volume=12 |year= 1980

}}

{{cite journal |author=Halil Sahillioğlu |title=Slaves in the social and economic life of Bursa in the late 15th and early 16th centuries |journal= Turcica |year=1985

}}

{{cite book |author=Haim Gerber |title= Economy and Society in an Ottoman City: Bursa, 1600–1700 |location=Jerusalem |publisher= Hebrew University |year= 1988

}}

{{Citation |publisher = Lonely Planet |title = Middle East |year= 1994 |ol=16516298W |chapter=Turkey: Bursa |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/middleeastonshoe00bros#page/632/mode/2up |page=633+

}}

{{cite book |chapter=Bursa, Turkey |author=E. Broadrup |title=International Dictionary of Historic Places |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |year=1995 |location=Chicago |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74JI2UlcU8AC |page=105

| ref = {{harvid|Broadrup|1995}}

}}

{{cite journal |title=A Spatial Study of Three Ottoman Capitals: Bursa, Edirne, and Istanbul |author= Aptullah Kuran |journal= Muqarnas |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |volume= 13 |year=1996

| ref = {{harvid|Kuran|1996}}

}}

{{cite book |title= Greece & Turkey |series= Let's Go |year= 1996 |chapter=Northwestern Turkey: Bursa |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/letsgobudgetguid00lets#page/453/mode/1up |page=453+

|isbn= 9780312135447 }}

;Published in 21st century

{{cite book |author=Suraiya Faroqhi |chapter=At the Ottoman Empire's Industrious Core: the Story of Bursa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nY2DqJNPmioC |page=357+ |location= Leiden |publisher= Koninklijke Brill |year=2008 |title=The City in the Islamic World

| ref = {{harvid|Faroqhi|2008}}

}}

{{Citation |publisher = ABC-CLIO |publication-place = Santa Barbara, USA |editor2 = Michael R.T. Dumper |editor1=Bruce E. Stanley |chapter=Bursa |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |page=100 |title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa |publication-date = 2008

| ref = {{harvid|Stanley|2008}}

}}

{{cite book|author1=Gabor Agoston |author2= Bruce Alan Masters |title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|year= 2009 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7 |chapter= Bursa |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA105

}}

{{cite book |chapter=Bursa |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC |page=317

| ref = {{harvid|Grove|2009}}

}}

External links

Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=bursa+turkey&rows=96 Items related to Bursa], various dates.
{{cite web |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/turkey/bursa/bursa.html |work=Silk Road Seattle |title=Bursa |publisher=Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities, University of Washington |location=USA }}

bursa