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Timeline of Helsinki

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Helsinki, Finland.

{{Dynamic list}}

{{TOC right}}

Prior to 19th century

{{Scandinavia}}

  • 1550 - Trading town established by Gustav I of Sweden.{{cite book|author= Richard D. Lewis |title=Finland, Cultural Lone Wolf |year=2005 |publisher=Nicholas Brealey Publishing |isbn=978-1-931930-49-9 |chapter=Finnish History: Chronology |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3XZuLZYdDt0C&pg=PT168 |author-link=Richard D. Lewis }}
  • 1569 - City privileges granted.
  • 1570 - Fire.
  • 1616 - "Diet of Finland held in Helsinki."
  • 1640 - Helsinki relocated across {{Interlanguage link|Kluuvinlahti|fi}} bay to Vironniemi"
  • 1654 - Fire.
  • 1695 - Famine begins.
  • 1710 - Plague.
  • 1713 - Helsinki taken by Russian forces.
  • 1727 - {{Interlanguage link|Ulrika Eleonora Church (Helsinki)|fi|3=Ulrika Eleonoran kirkko (Helsinki)|lt=Ulrika Eleonora Church}} built.
  • 1742 - Helsinki occupied by Russians again.
  • 1743 - Herring fair begins.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
  • 1748 - Sveaborg fortress construction begins.
  • 1757 - {{Interlanguage link|Sederholm house|fi|3=Sederholmin talo}} built.

19th century

Image:Helsinki map 1837 by Claes Wilhelm Gyldén.jpg

  • 1808
  • Suomenlinna fortress surrenders to Russia.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
  • Fire.
  • 1810 - Population: 4,065.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1812
  • Helsinki becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Finland.{{citation |work=BBC News |title=Finland Profile: Timeline |date=7 March 2012 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17292092 |access-date=30 September 2015 }}
  • Esplanadi park opens.
  • 1815 - {{Interlanguage link|Helsinki Orthodox Cemetery|fi|3=Helsingin ortodoksinen hautausmaa}} established.
  • 1819 - Sinebrychoff Brewery founded.
  • 1822 - Government Palace built.
  • 1826 - Helsinki Old Church built.
  • 1827 - Engels Teater, the first theatre, is built.
  • 1828 - The Royal Academy of Turku relocates to Helsinki.
  • 1829 - Hietaniemi cemetery and University of Helsinki Botanical Garden{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=FI |title=Garden Search: Finland |publisher= Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |access-date=30 September 2015 }} established.
  • 1838 - Kaivohuone built.[https://www.city.fi/opas/kaivohuone+helsingin+viihde-elamassa+jo+lahes+200+vuotta+myos+tana+kesana/11016 Kaivohuone Helsingin viihde-elämässä jo lähes 200 vuotta – myös tänä kesänä] – City (in Finnish)
  • 1844 - The state girls' school Svenska fruntimmersskolan i Helsingfors is opened.
  • 1846 - Finnish Art Society{{cite web |url=http://www.fng.fi/aboutfinnishnationalgallery/history |title=History |author=Finnish National Gallery |access-date=25 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210224415/http://www.fng.fi/aboutfinnishnationalgallery/history |archive-date=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }} and symphony orchestra{{cite book|editor=Donna M. Di Grazia|title=Nineteenth-Century Choral Music |date= 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-98852-0}} founded.
  • 1847 - Suometar newspaper begins publication.
  • 1848 - Drawing school established.
  • 1849 - Helsinki University of Technology founded.
  • 1852
  • St Nicholas' Church built.
  • "Students Library" established.{{cite book|title= American Library Annual |year= 1916 |publisher= R.R. Bowker Co. |location= New York |chapter= Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland |pages= 477–478 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=S03QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA477 |quote= Helsingfors }}
  • 1860
  • Swedish Theatre built.
  • Population: 22,228.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1862 - First Helsinki railway station opens with service to Hämeenlinna.
  • 1864 - Hufvudstadsbladet newspaper begins publication.{{cite book |title=Europa World Year Book |year=2004|publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-254-1 |chapter=Finland |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA1652 }}
  • 1868 - Uspenski Cathedral built.
  • 1870 - St. Petersburg-Helsinki railway built.
  • 1871 - University of Arts and Design founded.
  • 1872 - {{Interlanguage link|Helsinki typesetter strike of 1872|fi|3=Helsingin latojien lakko 1872}}.
  • 1873 - First Finnish opera, Suomalainen Ooppera, is inaugurated.
  • 1875 - City Council of Helsinki established.
  • 1879 - Alexander Theatre built.
  • 1881 - Rikhardinkatu Library opens.
  • 1882
  • Helsinki Music Institute and Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra{{cite book|editor= Colin Lawson |title= Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra|year= 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00132-8 |chapter= Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 }} established.
  • Population: 45,919.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1885 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Russia |chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590469?urlappend=%3Bseq=448 |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |hdl=2027/nyp.33433081590469?urlappend=%3Bseq=448 |last1=Hunter |first1=Brian |last2=Paxton |first2=John |last3=Steinberg |first3=S. H. |last4=Epstein |first4=Mortimer |last5=Renwick |first5=Isaac Parker Anderson |last6=Keltie |first6=John Scott |last7=Martin |first7=Frederick }}
  • 1884 - Electric power plant begins operating.
  • 1886 - Kaivopuisto park established.
  • 1887 - Ateneum and Hotel Kämp built.
  • 1888 - Kauppahalli built.{{sfn|New York Times|2006}}
  • 1889
  • Zoo opens.
  • Päivälehti and Helsingin Sanomat newspapers begin publication.
  • 1890 - Population: 61,530.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1891
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
  • Fazer in business.
  • 1893
  • Helsinki harbour rail begins operating.
  • Winter garden opens.
  • 1894 - Statue of Alexander II of Russia erected in Senate Square.
  • 1895 - Demari newspaper begins publication.
  • 1896 - Population: 77,484.{{sfn|Uschakoff|1898}}
  • 1898 - Kauppalehti newspaper in publication.
  • 1900 - Electric tram begins operating.

20th century

Image:Karta över Helsingfors vid 1900-talets början (ur Nordisk familjebok).jpg

=1900s-1940s=

=1950s-1990s=

  • 1950
  • Linnanmäki amusement park opens.
  • Population: 368,519.
  • 1951 - Marimekko founded.
  • 1952
  • Helsinki Airport opens.
  • 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki.
  • 1956 - {{Interlanguage link|Lauri Aho|fi}} becomes mayor.
  • 1957 - Kansan Uutiset newspaper begins publication.
  • 1960
  • Mosque established.{{cite book|editor= Jørgen S. Nielsen |title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ia5AAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 |year= 2013 |volume=5|publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-25586-9 |chapter=Finland |display-editors=etal}}
  • Lake Bodom murders occur.
  • 1962
  • City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
  • Enzo-Gutzeit building constructed.{{sfn|New York Times|2006}}
  • 1964 - {{Interlanguage link|Orion (cinema)|fi|3=Orion (elokuvateatteri)}} active.
  • 1965
  • International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition begins.
  • Helsinki City Theatre established.{{cite book |title=World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe |editor=Don Rubin |year=1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415251570 |chapter=Finland |pages=[https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/250 250+] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fDaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 |display-editors=etal |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0002unse_j6c2/page/250 }}
  • 1966 - Helsinki Ice Hall opens.
  • 1967 - Sibelius Monument unveiled.
  • 1968
  • Teuvo Aura becomes mayor.
  • Helsinki Festival begins.
  • 1969 - Temppeliaukio Church consecrated.
  • 1970 - Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council created.{{cite book|title=Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zhBj1MDzT6AC&pg=PA17 |year= 1993 |series=Local and Regional Authorities in Europe |number=51 |publisher=Council of Europe Press |isbn=978-92-871-2394-7}}
  • 1971 - Finlandia Hall built.{{sfn|New York Times|2006}}
  • 1973 - Population: 510,614 city; 821,505 urban agglomeration.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1975 |year=1976 |author=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=253–279 }}
  • 1975
  • Helsinki Accords.{{cite book|editor=Bernard A. Cook|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia |year= 2013|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-17939-7 |chapter=Chronology of Major Political Events |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kV-2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT41 }}
  • Helsinki Exhibition and Convention Centre built.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}}
  • 1979
  • Raimo Ilaskivi becomes mayor.
  • Lepakkoluola formed.
  • Helsinki Theatre Academy founded.
  • 1980
  • Iltalehti newspaper begins publication.
  • Ring I highway constructed.
  • Population: 483,675.
  • 1982
  • Helsinki Metro begins operating.{{cite web |url=http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunginmuseo_en/Artikkeli_en?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/museo/en/History+of+Helsinki |title=History of Helsinki (timeline) |author=City Museum |publisher=City of Helsinki |access-date=30 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418132942/http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunginmuseo_en/Artikkeli_en?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2FMuseo%2Fen%2FHistory+of+Helsinki |archive-date=18 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
  • Sibelius Academy active.{{cite book|editor=Walter Rüegg |editor-link=:de:Walter Rüegg |series=History of the University in Europe |volume=4 |title= Universities Since 1945 |year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49425-0 |chapter= Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VCKRv1GiFqEC&pg=PA578 |pages=575–594 }}
  • 1984 - Itäkeskus shopping mall built.
  • 1986 - Mosque founded.{{cite book|editor= Göran Larsson |title= Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmN6AgAAQBAJ|year=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-01292-3}}
  • 1989 - Night of the Arts begins.
  • 1990 - Finnish National Gallery established.
  • 1991
  • Linux software created by university student.
  • Kari Rahkamo becomes mayor.
  • 1993
  • Helsinki Opera House opens.
  • National Defence College (Finland) established.
  • 1995
  • Spårakoff pub tram begins operating.
  • Population: 515,765.
  • 1996
  • Eva-Riitta Siitonen becomes mayor.
  • Helsinki Motor Show begins.
  • 1997
  • Taloussanomat newspaper begins publication.
  • Hartwall Areena opens.
  • 1998 - Kiasma museum inaugurated.{{cite web |url= http://www.hel.fi/www/Helsinki/en/administration/information/history/ |title= Brief history of Helsinki |publisher=City of Helsinki |access-date=30 September 2015 }}
  • 1999 - Finnkino Tennispalatsi (cinema) opens.{{cite web |url= http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/finland/helsinki?status=all |title=Movie Theaters in Helsinki, Finland |work=CinemaTreasures.org |publisher= Cinema Treasures LLC |location=Los Angeles |access-date=30 September 2015 }}

21st century

See also

References

{{reflist|30em}}

This article incorporates information from the Finnish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Citation

|publisher = John Murray

|date = 1849 |location = London |title = Hand-book for Northern Europe |chapter-url=http://www26.us.archive.org/stream/handbookfornorth02lond#page/360/mode/2up |chapter=Helsingforss

}}

  • {{Citation |publisher = John Murray |location = London |title = Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1xIIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA270 |edition = New |chapter=Helsingfors |date = 1865 }}
  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Helsingfors |volume= 13 | page = 252 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{citation

|title=Helsinki: City With its Heart in the Country

|year=1981

|volume=160 |work=National Geographic Magazine |location=Washington DC

}}

  • {{cite web

|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/07/16/travel/16helsinki.html

|title=Helsinki's Shining Season

|author=R.W. Apple Jr.

|date= 16 July 2006

|work=New York Times

| ref = {{harvid|New York Times|2006}}

}}

  • {{citation

|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/jun/23/the-urbanists-guide-to-helsinki |title= Urbanist's guide to Helsinki |work=The Guardian |location=UK

|date=23 June 2014

|author= Timo Hämäläinen

|author-link= :fi:Timo Hämäläinen

| ref = {{harvid|Hämäläinen|2014}}

}}

  • {{SLS Q|Q113383176}}
  • {{citation |via=HathiTrust |title=Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia |author= P. Nordmann |series=Skrifter utgifna af Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland; 69, 72, 76, 82, 86 |language=sv |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011255597 |trans-title=Contributions to Helsinki History }} 1905–1908, 5 vols.
  • {{SLS Q|Q113394131}}
  • {{SLS Q|Q65524878}}
  • {{SLS Q|Q113394136}}
  • {{SLS Q|Q113396126}}
  • {{SLS Q|Q113396159}}
  • {{cite book

|editor= William Henry Overall

|title= Dictionary of Chronology

|year=1870

|publisher=William Tegg

|location=London

|chapter= Helsingfors

|hdl= 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=398

|chapter-url= http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=398

}}

  • {{cite book

|editor=I. Uschakoff|title= Suomi: hakemisto sisältävä maantieteellistilastollisia ja teollisuutta koskevia tietoja |trans-title=Finland: Directory |chapter=Helsinki |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oIQTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15

|year=1898

|publisher={{Interlanguage link|Weilin & Göös|fi}} |location=Helsinki |language=fi

| ref = {{harvid|Uschakoff|1898}}

}}

  • {{Citation

|publisher = Ward, Lock & Co. |location = London |title = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates |author = Benjamin Vincent |edition = 25th

|date = 1910

|chapter=Helsingfors, Finland |chapter-url = http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=683

| ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}

|title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates

|hdl = 2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776?urlappend=%3Bseq=683 }}

{{refend}}

External links

{{commons category|History of Helsinki}}

  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=helsinki&rows=96 Items related to Helsinki], various dates.
  • Digital Public Library of America. [http://dp.la/search?utf8=✓&page_size=100&q=helsinki+OR+helsingfors Items related to Helsinki], various dates

{{Helsinki}}

{{Helsinki Cityscape}}

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