Timeline of Lomé

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lomé, Togo.

Prior to 20th century

1874 - Lomé founded "by African, British and German traders."{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1897 - Lomé becomes capital of German colonial Togoland.{{sfn|Goeh-Akue|2005}}

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-003033, Togo, Lomé, Verladen von Baumwollballen.jpg (1885)]]

20th century

1902 - Catholic Cathedral built.
1904 - Wharf constructed.{{cite book|editor= Luc J. A. Mougeot |title=Agropolis: The Social, Political, and Environmental Dimensions of Urban Agriculture|year= 2005|publisher=International Development Research Centre |isbn=978-1-55250-186-3 |chapter= Pest-Control System in the Market Gardens of Lome, Togo |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=niDm8CZ9AhgC |pages=51–88 |author=Komla Tallaki }}
1905
Aného-Lomé railway{{Citation |publisher = T. W. Laurie |location = London |author = Albert Frederick Calvert |title = Togoland |date = 1918 |ol = 7185419M }} and Palace of the Governors built.
1907
Kpalimé-Lomé railway{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}} and Protestant church{{cite book|editor=Jacques Soulillou|title=Rives coloniales: architectures, de Saint-Louis à Douala |year=1993|publisher=Editions Parenthèses|isbn=978-2-86364-056-2 |author=Thierry Lulle |chapter=Le Togo |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=EQY3gdB6bpQC |language=fr }} built.
1911 - Atakpamé-Lomé railway built.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1914 - Lomé "annexed by the British from the Gold Coast."{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1920 - Lomé becomes capital of colonial French Togoland.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1920s - Boulevard Circulaire laid out.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1922 - Political "council of notables" formed.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1932
Municipality established.{{sfn|Binza|2006}}
Étoile Filante du Togo football club formed.
1933 - January: "Riot by women" against taxes.{{sfn|Goeh-Akue|2005}}{{citation |title=La Révolte des Femmes: Economic Upheaval and the Gender of Political Authority in Lomé, Togo, 1931–33 |author= Benjamin N. Lawrance |journal= African Studies Review |volume= 46 |issue= 1 |pages= 43–67 |year= 2003 |jstor=1514980 |doi= 10.2307/1514980 |s2cid= 142773071 }}
1955
Lonato building constructed.{{cite book |title=Togo |year= 2010|series=Le Petit Futé |isbn=978-2-7469-3597-6 |language=fr |chapter=Lome |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Om-0X-TToC |page=70+ |author1= Collectif|last2= Auzias|first2= Dominique|last3= Labourdette|first3= Jean-Paul}}
Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lomé established.{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Togo |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/togo |work=www.katolsk.no |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date=30 September 2014 }}
1957 - La Vérité Togolaise newspaper begins publication.
1958 - Tokoin becomes part of Lome.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1960 - City becomes part of independent Togo.{{sfn|Goeh-Akue|2005}}
1961 - Dynamic Togolais football club formed.
1962
Togo-Presse government newspaper begins publication.{{cite book |title= Europa World Year Book 2004 |isbn=978-1857432534 |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}
Population: 80,000.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook 1965 |year=1966 |publisher=Statistical Office of the United Nations |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants }}
1963 - 13 January: 1963 Togolese coup d'état; Sylvanus Olympio assassinated.
1965 - Happy Star Concert Band formed.{{citation |title=Concert Party as a Genre: The Happy Stars of Lomé |author= Alain Ricard |journal= Research in African Literatures |volume= 5 |issue= 2 |pages= 165–179 |year= 1974 |jstor=3818671 }}
1968 - Stade Général Eyadema (stadium) opens.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
1969 - Deep-water harbor built.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1970
University of Benin founded.
Population: 148,156.{{cite book |chapter-url= https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm |title=1995 Demographic Yearbook |year=1997 |author=United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division |location=New York |chapter=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants |pages=262–321 }}
1975
Togo National Museum opens.
City hosts signing of the Lomé Convention.
1980 - Hotel du 2 Fevrier and West African Development Bank{{cite web |work=ArchNet |title=(Lome, Togo) |url=http://archnet.org |access-date=30 September 2014 }} built.
1981 - Population: 375,499.{{sfn|Nyassogbo|1993}}
1983 - British School established.
1985
Ecobank headquartered in city.
Bombings.
1989
"Industrial and harbour free zone" established.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
Dove of Peace statue unveiled in Tokoin.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1990 - 5 October: Anti-government demonstrations begin.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}{{sfn|Goeh-Akue|2005}}
1991 - April: Crackdown on anti-government demonstrators.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
1993 - La Dépêche newspaper begins publication.
1997
Nouvel Echo newspaper begins publication.
Al-Furkan Center built.
1998 - Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (stock exchange) branch established.{{cite book |title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004 |series=Regional Surveys of the World |publisher= Europa Publications |year=2004 |isbn= 978-1857431834 |chapter= Togo: Directory |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC }}
1999 - July: City hosts signing of the Lomé Peace Accord.
2000 - Stade de Kégué (stadium) opens.

21st century

2001 - October: Mayor Amousouvi Akakpo arrested.{{citation |title= Lome mayor in corruption probe |date=5 October 2001 |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1580370.stm }}
2005
March: Funeral of Gnassingbé Eyadéma.{{sfn|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}
May: Post-election unrest.{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/05/international/africa/05togo.html |work=New York Times |title=Lomé Journal |author=Michael Kamber |date=5 May 2005 }}
2007 - Musée international du Golfe de Guinée (museum) founded.{{cite book|title=West Africa|year=2009|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-821-6 |chapter=Togo: Lome |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HapewBo3c0C |pages=774–783 }}
2011 - Population: 1,524,000 (urban agglomeration).{{cite book |url=http://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |title=The State of African Cities 2014 |isbn=978-92-1-132598-0 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |access-date=30 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ |archive-date=10 September 2014 |date=2015-09-10 }}
2012
June: Political demonstration.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14107024 |title=Togo Profile: Timeline |work=BBC News |date=11 July 2011 |access-date=30 September 2014 }}{{cite web |url=http://globalvoicesonline.org/2012/08/21/togo-police-clashes-with-thousand-of-protesters-in-lome/ |date=21 August 2012 |title=Togo: Police Clashes with Thousand of Protesters in Lomé |via=Global Voices}}
University of Science and Technology of Togo established.
2013 - 11 January: Lomé Grand Market fire.{{citation |date=12 January 2013 |title=Togo: le bâtiment principal du grand marché de Lomé ravagé par le feu |publisher=Radio France Internationale |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20130112-togo-grand-marche-lome-ravage-feu-incendie/ |language=fr }}
2015 - Population: 1,788,600 (estimate, urban agglomeration).{{citation |chapter=Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2018 |publisher=United Nations }}

References

:This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

=in English=

{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History |editor1= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor-link= Paul Tiyambe Zeleza |editor2= Dickson Eyoh |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0415234795 |year=2003

|chapter= Lome, Togo

}}

{{cite book

|editor=Kevin Shillington|title=Encyclopedia of African History

|year=2005

|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |isbn=978-1-135-45670-2 |chapter=Lomé |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC&pg=PA849

|author=N. Adovi Goeh-Akue

| ref = {{harvid|Goeh-Akue|2005}}

}}

{{cite book

|editor=S.B. Bekker and Anne Leildé|title=Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities

|year=2006

| ref = {{harvid|Binza|2006}}

}} (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)

{{citation

|year=2011

|title= Lomé

|author= Philippe Gervais-Lambony

|editor= Simon Bekker and Goran Therborn |work=Capital Cities in Africa: Power and Powerlessness |isbn=978-2-8697-8495-6 |publisher=Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa |location=Dakar |url= http://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article1603

| ref = {{harvid|Gervais-Lambony|2011}}

}}

=in French=

{{cite book|editor=John Taylor|title=Les capitales: Perspectives internationales |year= 1993|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=978-0-7735-8496-9 |chapter=Comment une capitale devient macrocephale en Afrique subsaharienne: le cas de Lome au Togo |author=Gabriel Kwami Nyassogbo |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PYZtAI0uUocC |page=325+ |language=fr |display-editors=etal

| ref = {{harvid|Nyassogbo|1993}}

}}

{{cite journal |title=La naissance d'une capitale africaine: Lomé |author=Yves Marguerat |journal= Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer |volume= 81 |url= http://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1994_num_81_302_3177 |language=fr |via= Persee.fr |year= 1994

}} {{free access}}

{{cite book

|editor=Philippe Gervais-Lambony and G. Kwami Nyassogbo|title=Lomé: Dynamiques d'une ville africaine |trans-title=Lome: Dynamics of an African city

|year= 2008

|publisher= Éditions Karthala |isbn=978-2-8111-4224-7 |language=fr

}}

{{cite journal |author=Assogba Guézéré |title= Deux roues motorisées et étalement urbain à Lomé, quel lien avec la théorie des 'trois âges' de la ville? |trans-title=Motor bikes and urban sprawl in Lomé |journal= {{illm|Norois|fr}} |pages= 41–62 |number=226 |doi= 10.4000/norois.4549 |language=fr |via= Revues.org |year= 2013

|doi-access= free }} {{open access}}

=in German=

{{cite book |title=Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon |language=de |year=1920

|chapter= Lome

|chapter-url= http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/Standardframeseite.php?suche=Lome

|title-link=Deutsches Kolonial-Lexikon }}

External links

{{cite web |url= http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Lome%20OR%20Lom%C3%A9%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |title= (Lomé) |work=Directory of Open Access Journals |location=UK }} (Bibliography of open access {{open access}} articles)
{{cite web |url= https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Lome+Togo&rows=96 |title= (Lomé) |via= Europeana }} (Images, etc.)
{{cite web |url= http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Lome+Togo&utf8=✓ |title= (Lomé) |via= Digital Public Library of America }} (Images, etc.)
{{cite web |url= http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Lome+Togo&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |title=(Lomé) |publisher= Frankfurt University Library |work=Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa |location=Germany }} (Bibliography)
{{cite web |url= http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Lom%E9&F0=0 |title=(Lomé) |work=Connecting-Africa |publisher=African Studies Centre |location=Leiden, Netherlands }} (Bibliography)
{{cite web |url= http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Lome+Togo |title=(Lomé) |work= AfricaBib.org }} (Bibliography)
{{cite web |url= http://www.blackpast.org/gah/lome-togo-1880 |title= Lomé, Togo |work= BlackPast.org |date= October 2014 |location=US }}
{{cite web |editor= Lydia Samarbakhsh-Liberge |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080615230849/http://www.histoire-afrique.org/rubrique6.html?&filtrepays=177 |url= http://www.histoire-afrique.org:80/rubrique6.html?&filtrepays=177 |title= Chronologie: Togo |work= Histoire-afrique.org |language= fr |archive-date= 15 June 2008 |url-status= dead }}. Initiated by Agence universitaire de la Francophonie. (Includes information about Lomé)

Category:Lomé

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Category:Years in Togo

Lome

Category:Togo history-related lists