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Timeline of Naples

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Image:Braun Napoli UBHD.jpg

File:Vesuvio 18th century.jpg

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Naples. The Naples area has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. The earliest historical sources in the area were left by the Myceneans in the 2nd millennium BC. During its long history, Naples has been captured, destroyed and attacked many times. The city has seen earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, foreign invasions and revolutions.

{{Dynamic list}}

Prior to 12th century

{{History of Italy}}

  • 2nd millennium BC – first Mycenaean settlements established in the Naples area (Afragola).{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhB4VDYuJXsC&q=afragola&pg=PA99 |title=Books.google.it |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828102131/https://books.google.com/books?id=GhB4VDYuJXsC&q=afragola&pg=PA99 |url-status=live }}
  • 8th C. BCE – Kyme (Cumae), established an {{lang|la|epineion}} (out-port) named Parthenope.{{Cite web |url=https://iicrabat.esteri.it/iic_rabat/it/gli_eventi/calendario/2015/03/casablanca-conferenza-napoli-in-epoca-romana-i-commerci-gli-otia-i-banchetti.html |title=iicrabat.esteri.it |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407030530/https://iicrabat.esteri.it/iic_rabat/it/gli_eventi/calendario/2015/03/casablanca-conferenza-napoli-in-epoca-romana-i-commerci-gli-otia-i-banchetti.html |url-status=live }}
  • 6th C.BCE – Parthenope was refounded as Neapolis.{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/2350685 |title=Academia.edu |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903194911/https://www.academia.edu/2350685/Meta_ton_enchorion_men_enaumachesan._Neapolis_e_la_seconda_battaglia_di_Cuma |url-status=live }}
  • 327 BCE – Naples makes an alliance with Rome, and enters its sphere of influence.
  • 37 BCE – Crypta Neapolitana built (approximate date).
  • 45 CE - Birth of Statius a poet, he also lived in Naples. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 79 CE – Big eruption of Vesuvius: many towns near Naples are destroyed (Pompeii, Herculaneum, etc.).
  • 190 CE – Catholic Diocese of Naples established (approximate date).{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy |url=http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/italy |publisher=Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) |location=Norway |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203224515/http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/italy |url-status=live }}
  • 3rd C. CE – Catacombs of San Gennaro in use.
  • ca.511 CE – The last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, dies in Naples.
  • 536 CE – Siege and capture of Naples by the Byzantines.
  • 542–543 CE – Siege and capture of Naples by the Goths. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 615 – Rebellion.
  • 638 – Duchy of Naples created.
  • 763 – Naples becomes an independent duchy.
  • 830s – Naples is threatened by Sicard of Benevento.
  • 10th C. – Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples established.
  • 902 – After numerous assaults, the Neapolitans defeat the Saracens on the Garigliano River.

12th–16th centuries

File:Naples duomo facade.jpg was built in 1313]]

17th century

  • 1600 – Royal Palace of Naples construction begins.
  • 1620 – {{ill|Teatro San Bartolomeo|it}} (theatre) built.
  • 1631 – Big eruption of Vesuvius, many little towns near Naples are destroyed.
  • 1636 – {{ill|Ponte di Chiaia|it}} built.
  • 1639 – Treaty of Naples signed between Poland and Spain.
  • 1647 – Rebellion against the king (Philip III) and his viceroys; Neapolitan Republic created and later suppressed.

File:Piazza Mercatello durante la peste del 1656 - Spadaro.jpg in 1656]]

  • 1650
  • Spire of San Gennaro erected
  • Performance of opera Didone.{{cite book |author=Joseph P. Swain |title=Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music |year=2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0-8108-7825-9 |chapter=Chronology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TZKl9F_xnxkC&pg=PR15}}
  • Naples with about 400,000 people becomes the largest cities of the Spanish Empire.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}
  • 1654 – Archbishop's Palace expanded.
  • 1656
  • Plague.
  • Fontanelle cemetery established.
  • 1667 – San Gennaro dei Poveri founded.
  • 1694 – 28 January: Premiere of Alessandro Scarlatti's opera Pirro e Demetrio.{{cite book |editor=Tim Carter and John Butt |title=Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79273-8 |chapter=Chronology |author=Stephen Rose |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA533}}

18th century

File:Reggia di Capodimonte 1.JPG was built in 1742]]

19th century

  • 1804 – Reale Biblioteca di Napoli opens.
  • 1805 – Anglo-Russian invasion.
  • 1806 – Napoleon grants the Kingdom of Naples to his brother Joseph.
  • 1807 – Botanical Garden established.{{cite web |url=http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=IT |title=Garden Search: Italy |publisher=Botanic Gardens Conservation International |location=London |access-date=3 December 2016 |archive-date=30 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130111156/http://www.bgci.org/garden_search.php?action=Find&ftrCountry=IT |url-status=live }}
  • 1808 – Gioacchin Murat is the new King of Naples. He promotes administrative reforms and public works.
  • 1811 – Zoological Museum founded.
  • 1815 – Naples is against the Austrian Empire. The intervention by Austria caused resentment in Italy, which further spurred on the drive towards Italian unification.
  • 1816
  • City becomes capital of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
  • L'Hortus Camaldulensis di Napoli established.
  • Real Museo Borbonico inaugurated.{{cite web |url=http://museoarcheologiconazionale.campaniabeniculturali.it/storia-del-museo |title=Storia del Museo |publisher=Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli |access-date=10 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623203925/http://museoarcheologiconazionale.campaniabeniculturali.it/storia-del-museo |archive-date=23 June 2012 |df=dmy-all}}
  • 1819 – Villa Floridiana built.
  • 1820 – Revolution of July.
  • 1821 – Flag of Naples red and yellow design adopted.
  • 1825 - Palazzo San Giacomo construction completed.
  • 1826
  • English Cemetery established.
  • Villa Pignatelli built.
  • 1835 – Premiere of Donizetti's opera Lucia di Lammermoor.{{citation |url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/page/operatimeline |title=Timeline of opera |work=Oxford Music Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=10 June 2015 |archive-date=9 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409221429/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/public/page/operatimeline |url-status=live }}
  • 1839 – Napoli-Portici railway begins operating.
  • 1848 – The revolutionary movements produce a parliament and a new constitution, but the following year the parliament is dissolved.
  • 1859 – Francesco II is the last King of the Two Sicilies.
  • 1860 - Plebiscite taken on 21 October 1860 to bring Naples into the unified Kingdom of Italy under the House of Savoy.
  • 1860 – Constitution.{{clarify|date=November 2016}}
  • 1861 – Garibaldi arrives.
  • 1862 - Anglican church in Vico San Pasquale built.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1867
  • Napoli Centrale railway station built. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • Majello porcelain manufactory established.
  • 1869 – Villa Comunale opens.
  • 1870 – Many revolts against the unitary state, particularly in the countryside. This is the principle of the "southern question".
  • 1871 – Population: 448,743.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1873 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |chapter=Italy |hdl=2027/nyp.33433081590360?urlappend=%3Bseq=356 |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590360?urlappend=%3Bseq=356 |access-date=29 November 2016 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808102830/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/html?id=nyp.33433081590360;seq=358 |url-status=live }}
  • 1875 – {{illm|Società Napoletana di Storia Patria|it}} (history society) founded.
  • 1880 – Club Africano di Napoli founded (later Società africana d'Italia).[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40760681]
  • 1882 – Filangieri Museum opens.
  • 1883 – {{ill|Galleria Principe di Napoli|it}} (shopping arcade) built.
  • 1884 – Cholera epidemic. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}} One year later is proclaimed the big "Restoration of Naples".

File:Il Posillippo, Naples, Italy, 1890s.jpg

  • 1890
  • Circumvesuviana founded.
  • Galleria Umberto I founded. {{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
  • 1891 – Galleria Umberto I built.
  • 1892 – Il Mattino begins publication.
  • 1897 – Population: 536,073.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1899 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |chapter=Italy |hdl=2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=1081 |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=1081 |via=HathiTrust}}

20th century

File:Napoli 1943, Via Chiaia.jpg (1943)]]

21st century

See also

Other cities in the macroregion of Southern Italy:(it)

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

{{Refbegin}}

=Published in the 19th century=

  • {{cite book |title=A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer |year=1800 |publisher=John Stockdale |location=London |oclc=79519893 |chapter=Naples |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OlWAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA272 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher=J.Duncan |location=London |series=The Modern Traveller |author=Josiah Conder |author-link=Josiah Conder (editor and author) |volume=33 |title=Italy |date=1834 |chapter=Naples |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/moderntraveller33condiala#page/412/mode/2up }}
  • {{Citation |publisher=A. and W. Galignani |location=Paris |author=Mariana Starke |author-link=Mariana Starke |title=Travels in Europe |edition=9th |year=1839 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/travelsineuropef00star#page/276/mode/2up |chapter=Naples }}
  • {{Citation |publisher=Printed for the Author |location=Cleveland, Ohio |title=A Colored Man Round the World |author=David F. Dorr |date=1858 |oclc=2475546 |chapter=Naples |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUILAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA102 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World |author=J. Willoughby Rosse |location=London |publisher=H.G. Bohn |year=1859 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044098621048?urlappend=%3Bseq=141 |chapter=Naples |hdl=2027/hvd.32044098621048?urlappend=%3Bseq=141 }}
  • {{cite book |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |editor=William Smith |editor-link=William Smith (lexicographer) |location=London |publisher=John Murray |orig-year=1854 |year=1872 |chapter=Neapolis |title-link=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |hdl=2027/hvd.ah5cur?urlappend=%3Bseq=427 |chapter-url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.ah5cur?urlappend=%3Bseq=427 |ref={{harvid|Smith|1872}} }}
  • {{Citation |publisher=Longmans, Green, and Co. |location=London |author=John Ramsay McCulloch |author-link=John Ramsay McCulloch |others=Hugh G. Reid, ed. |title=A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation |date=1877 |chapter=Naples |hdl=2027/njp.32101079877088?urlappend=%3Bseq=1012 |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101079877088?urlappend=%3Bseq=1012 }}
  • {{Citation |publisher=C. Scribner's Sons |title=The Mediterranean Trip |author=Noah Brooks |date=1895 |oclc=1315401 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/mediterraneantr00broogoog#page/n241/mode/2up |chapter=Naples }}

=Published in the 20th century=

  • {{Citation |publisher=Karl Baedeker |location=Leipzig |title=Italy from the Alps to Naples |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/italyfromalpston00karl#page/n467/mode/2up |chapter=Naples and its Nearer Environs |date=1909 |edition=2nd |oclc=400551 }} + [https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfo12firgoog#page/n61/mode/2up 1867 ed.]
  • {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Naples |volume= 19 |last= Neville-Rolfe |first= Eustace | pages = 178–182 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
  • {{Citation |publisher=Dutton |location=New York |author=Augustus J. C. Hare |title=Cities of Southern Italy |date=1911 |chapter=Naples |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/citiesofsouthern00hareuoft#page/20/mode/2up }}
  • {{cite book |editor=Trudy Ring |title=Southern Europe |series=International Dictionary of Historic Places |volume=3 |year=1996 |publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn |oclc=31045650 |chapter=Naples}}
  • {{cite book |title=Italy |series=Let's Go |year=1998 |ol=16445167W |chapter=Southern Italy: Naples |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/letsgoitaly199800newy#page/400/mode/1up |page=400+ |publisher=St Martins Press |isbn=978-0-312-16895-7 }}
  • {{cite book |editor=Paul Arthur |title=Naples, from Roman town to city-state |series=British School at Rome |volume=12 |year=2002 |publisher=BSR |oclc=495546269 |chapter=London}}

=Published in the 21st century=

  • {{cite web |title=Naples |work=Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/a-z.htm |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London |year=2003 |access-date=13 October 2014 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712224717/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/a-z.htm |url-status=live }}

{{refend}}

External links

  • Europeana. [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=naples&rows=96 Items related to Naples], various dates.

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{Timelines of cities in Italy}}{{Naples}}

Naples