Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. Syracuse was the main city of Sicily from 5th century BCE to 878 CE.

Prior to 17th century

8th C. BCE – Settlement established by Corinthian Greeks.{{sfn|Domenico|2002}}^(it)
663 BCE - Founded the settlement of Akrai.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
643 BCE - Founded the settlement of Casmenae.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
6th C. BCE – Greek Theatre of Syracuse built.{{cite web |url= http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/eusb.html |title= Ancient Greece, 1000 B.C.–1 A.D.: Key Events |work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |location=New York |access-date= 23 December 2016 }}
598 BCE - Founded the settlement of Kamarina.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
498–491 BCE - Hippocrates of Gela threatened the independence of Syracuse.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
491–478 BCE - Gelon is tyrant of Syracuse.
480 BCE - Gelon defeats Carthage at the Battle of Himera.
415–413 BCE – Syracuse besieged by Greek forces.{{sfn|Domenico|2002}}{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
397 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (397 BC)
343 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (343 BC)
311-309 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (311–309 BC)
287 BCE – Birth of mathematician Archimedes (approximate date).
278 BCE - Siege of Syracuse (278 BC)
214 BCE – Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC) by Roman forces.{{sfn|Domenico|2002}}
44 BCE – People of Syracuse (and Sicily) gain Roman citizenship.{{sfn|Kininmonth|1965}}
2nd–4th C. CE – Roman Catholic diocese of Siracusa established.{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy |url= http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/italy |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway |access-date= 23 December 2016 }}
3rd C. CE – Death of bishop {{illm|Marciano di Siracusa|it}}.{{sfn|Kininmonth|1965}}
278–280 CE – Syracuse sacked by Franks.{{sfn|Treccani|1936}}
304 – Death of Christian St. Lucia Of Syracuse during the Diocletianic Persecution.
535 – Syracuse taken by Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire.{{sfn|Domenico|2002}}
668 – 15 September: Assassination of Byzantine emperor Constans II.{{sfn|Ring|1996}}
827-828 - Siege of Syracuse (827–828).
877–878 – Siege of Syracuse (877–878) by Aghlabid forces.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1088 – Syracuse besieged by forces of Roger I of Sicily.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
1140 – Earthquake.{{cite book|author=Mario Baratta |author-link=:it:Mario Baratta |title=I terremoti d'Italia |trans-title=Earthquakes in Italy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LIi7AAAAIAAJ|year=1901|publisher=Fratelli Bocca |location=Turin |language=it}} (includes chronology)^(it)
1239 – Castello Maniace built.{{cite web |work=Oxford Art Online |title= Syracuse }} Retrieved 25 June 2017{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1397 – Palazzo Montalto built on Ortygia island.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1448 – Unrest.{{sfn|Treccani|1936}}
1542 – Earthquake.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}^(it)

17th–19th centuries

1608 – Caravaggio paints "Burial of St. Lucy" in the {{illm|Chiesa di Santa Lucia alla Badia|it}}.
1633 – {{illm|Palazzo del Vermexio|it}} built.
1673 – Porta Ligny (gate) built.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
1693 – 1693 Sicily earthquake.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
1710 – 9 November: Naval Battle of Syracuse (1710) fought near city during the War of the Spanish Succession.
1753 – Cathedral of Syracuse built.
1757 – Earthquake.{{sfn|Haydn|1910}}
1779 – Palazzo Beneventano del Bosco rebuilt.
1790 – Maritime navigation school established.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
1847 - Fountain of Arethusa remodelled into current form{{cite book|last=Cord|first=David|title=The Spring of Arethusa |date=2023|page=98-100}}
1854 – {{illm|Archbishop's Palace (Syracuse)|it|Palazzo Arcivescovile (Siracusa)|lt=Archbishop's Palace}} built.
1860 – 1 August: Forces of Garabaldi arrive in city.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
1861 – Population: 19,590.{{sfn|Treccani|1936}}
1862 – Syracuse Chamber of Commerce established.{{cite web |url=http://www.sr.camcom.gov.it/index.php/la-camera/profilo-storico-istituzionale |title= Profilo storico istituzionale |language=it |publisher= Camera di Commercio di Siracusa |access-date= 24 June 2017 }}
1865 – Province of Syracuse created.
1867 – Biblioteca comunale (library) founded.{{cite web |url=http://anagrafe.iccu.sbn.it/opencms/opencms/ |title= (Comune: Siracusa) |work=Anagrafe delle biblioteche italiane (Registry of Italian Libraries) |publisher=Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico |language=it |access-date= 23 December 2016 }}
1870 – Gazzetta di Siracusa newspaper begins publication.{{sfn|Bernardini|1890}}
1871
Siracusa railway station opens.
{{illm|Ferrovia Messina-Siracusa|it}} (railway) begins operating.
1880 – Tamburo newspaper begins publication.{{citation |title= Almanacco Italiano |language=it |publisher= R. Bemporad & figlio |location=Florence |year=1896 |chapter=Giornali e giornalisti |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8ATAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA431 |pages=431+ }}
1881 - Population: 21,739.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
1886
Siracusa–Gela–Canicattì railway (railway) begins operating.
Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Siracusa (museum) opens.
1892 – {{illm|Stazione di Siracusa Marittima|it}} (train station) opens at the {{illm|Port of Syracuse|it|Porto di Siracusa}}.
1897
{{illm|Teatro Comunale (Syracuse)|it|Teatro Comunale (Siracusa)}} (theatre) opens.{{sfn|Touring Club Italiano|1999}}
Population: 25,740.{{cite book |title=Statesman's Year-Book |year=1899 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Italy |via=HathiTrust |hdl=2027/nyp.33433081590550 |title-link=Statesman's Year-Book }}

20th century

1907 – {{illm|Fontana di Diana|it}} (fountain) installed in Piazza Archimede.
1911 – Population: 40,835.{{cite book |title= Statesman's Year-Book |year=1913 |location=London |publisher= Macmillan and Co.|chapter= Italy |hdl=2027/njp.32101072368374 }}
1915 – {{illm|Ferrovia Siracusa-Ragusa-Vizzini|it|lt=Ferrovia Siracusa-Solarino}} (railway) begins operating.
1920 – Giornale di Siracusa newspaper in publication.{{cite web |url= http://www.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/free.jsp |title=OPAC SBN |publisher=Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazioni bibliografiche |language=it |access-date= 24 June 2017 }}
1924
13 August: Benito Mussolini visits city.
A.S. Siracusa (football club) formed.
1928 – Strada statale 115 Sud Occidentale Sicula (Trapani-Syracuse roadway) opens.
1932 – Stadio Nicola De Simone (stadium) opens in {{illm|Santa Lucia (Syracuse)|it|Santa Lucia (Siracusa)|lt=Santa Lucia}}.
1934 – Palazzo delle Poste (post office) built.{{sfn|Touring Club Italiano|1999}}
1938
{{illm|Stazione di Targia|it}} industrial railway station begins operating.
{{illm|Monumento ai Caduti italiani d'Africa|it}} construction begins at Piazza dei Cappuccini.
1941 – Bombing of Syracuse during World War II begins.^(it)
1943: 9–10 July: City taken by British forces.
1948 – Bellomo Palace Regional Gallery opens.
1950 – Augusta-Priolo petrochemical complex begins operating near city.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
1951 – Population: 66,090.^(it)
1953
{{illm|Madonna delle Lacrime|it}} (weeping statue) allegedly occurs, according to tradition.{{sfn|Kininmonth|1965}}
Syracuse Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery established near city.
1960
{{illm|Regata internazionale Siracusa-Malta|it}} (race) begins.{{citation |title=Sabato parte la Malta-Siracusa |work= La Stampa |url= http://www.lastampa.it/2008/07/10/societa/mare/sport/sabato-parte-la-maltasiracusa-bUl00r3X5sAeitb1i4tKON/pagina.html |date=10 July 2008 |language=it }}
{{illm|Syracuse Aquarium|it|Acquario tropicale di Siracusa}} opens (approximate date).
1961 – Population: 83,205.^(it)
1963 – Archivio di Stato di Siracusa (state archives) active.{{cite web |url= http://www.archiviodistatosiracusa.beniculturali.it/index.php?it/96/storia-dellistituto |title=Storia dell'Istituto |language=it |work=Archivio di Stato di Siracusa |publisher=Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo |access-date=23 December 2016 }}
1990 – 13 December: 1990 Carlentini earthquake occurs.
1991 – Population: 125,941.^(it)
1994 – {{illm|Santuario della Madonna delle Lacrime (Syracuse)|it|Santuario della Madonna delle Lacrime (Siracusa)}} built.
1996 – U.S. Siracusa (football club) active.
1999
{{illm|Piccolo Teatro dei Pupi|it|lt=Compagnia dei pupari Vaccaro-Mauceri}} (puppet theatre) established.
{{illm|Giambattista Bufardeci|it}} becomes mayor.

21st century

2005 – Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
2008 – {{illm|Roberto Visentin|it|Roberto Visentin (1952)}} becomes mayor.
2009
April: {{illm|G8 Ambiente|it}} meeting of environmental leaders held in city.{{citation |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g8-environment-idUSTRE53N3MQ20090424 |title= G8 and poor nations vow to tackle species loss |date=24 April 2009 }}
{{illm|Pista ciclabile Rossana Maiorca|it}} (bike path) opens.{{chronology citation needed|date=June 2017}}
2013
June: Italian local elections, 2013 held.
20 September: 400+ refugees of the Syrian Civil War arrive at port of Syracuse.{{citation |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-italy-refugees-idUSBRE98K04G20130921 |date= 21 September 2013 |title= More than 400 Syrian refugees reach Italy by sea, one dies |publisher=Reuters }}
{{illm|Giancarlo Garozzo|it}} becomes mayor.{{citation |title=Il sindaco Giancarlo Garozzo al 38° posto in Italia |work=Siracusa Live |url= http://www.srlive.it/il-sindaco-giancarlo-garozzo-al-38-posto-in-italia/ |language=it |date= 11 January 2016 }}
Siracusa Calcio football club active.
Population: 118,644.{{cite web |url=http://demo.istat.it/pop2013/index_e.html |title=Resident Population |work=Demo-Geodemo |publisher=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica |access-date= 23 December 2016 }}
2015 – Regional {{illm|Libero consorzio comunale di Siracusa|it}} created (replacing Province of Syracuse).

References

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

=in English=

{{cite book |title= Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |editor= William Smith |location=London |publisher= John Murray |orig-year=1854 |year= 1872

|chapter= Syracusae

| ref = {{harvid|Smith|1872}}

|hdl= 2027/hvd.ah5cur |title-link= Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography }}

{{Citation |publisher = Frederick Warne & Co. |location = London |author1 = George Henry Townsend |author2= Frederick Martin |title = A Manual of Dates |date = 1877 |edition= 5th

|chapter= Syracuse

|hdl = 2027/wu.89097349427 |author1-link = George Henry Townsend }}

{{cite book

|title= Chambers's Encyclopaedia

|location= London

|year= 1901

|chapter= Syracuse

| ref = {{harvid|Chambers|1901}}

|hdl= 2027/njp.32101065312959

|title-link= Chambers's Encyclopaedia

}}

{{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |title = Southern Italy and Sicily |edition=15th |date = 1908

|chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/southernitalysic00karl#page/n535/mode/2up

|chapter= Syracuse

}} (+ [https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfo12firgoog#page/n377/mode/2up 1867 ed.])

{{cite book|author=Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen |title=Sicily, the New Winter Resort: An Encyclopaedia of Sicily |edition=2nd |year=1908|publisher=Methuen

|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1b0YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA490

|chapter=Syracuse History (timeline)

|author-link=Douglas Sladen }}

{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Syracuse |volume= 26 |last1= Freeman |first1= Edward Augustus |author1-link= Edward Augustus Freeman |last2= Ashby |first2= Thomas |author2-link=Thomas Ashby (archaeologist)| pages = 296–302 |date=1910 |ref= {{harvid|Britannica|1910}} |short= 1}}
{{Citation

|date = 1910

|chapter= Syracuse |ref = {{harvid|Haydn|1910}}

|hdl = 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t |title-link = Haydn's Dictionary of Dates }}

{{cite book

|title=Catholic Encyclopedia |location=New York |year=1912

|chapter= Syracuse |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KYEqAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA395

| ref = {{harvid|Catholic Encyclopedia|1912}}

|title-link=Catholic Encyclopedia |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles George }}

{{cite book |title=Travellers' Guide to Sicily |author=Christopher Kininmonth |publisher=Jonathan Cape |year=1965 |chapter-url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL6412782W/Sicily_travellers%27_guide |via=Open Library

|chapter= Syracuse |pages=172–208

|ref= {{harvid|Kininmonth|1965}}

}}

{{cite book

|chapter=Syracuse |page=674+

| ref = {{harvid|Ring|1996}}

|isbn=9781134259656 }}

{{cite book

|year=2002

|chapter= Sicily: Syracuse |pages= 291+

|ref= {{harvid|Domenico|2002}}

}}

{{cite book

|title=Medieval Italy: an Encyclopedia

|editor= Christopher Kleinhenz |publisher=Routledge|isbn=0415939291

|year= 2004

|chapter= Syracuse

|ref= {{harvid|Kleinhenz|2004}}

}}

{{cite book

|editor=Colum Hourihane

|title=Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture

|year=2012

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0-19-539536-5

|chapter= Syracuse

|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ

|ref = {{harvid|Hourihane|2012}}

}}

=in Italian=

{{further ill|Bibliography of Syracuse, Sicily|it|Bibliografia su Siracusa}}

{{cite book |title=Guida generale di Sicilia e Malta: storica, artistica, commerciale |publisher=Niccolò Giannotta |language=it |location=Catania |edition=3rd

|year= 1889

|chapter= Siracusa

|hdl=2027/gri.ark:/13960/t0zp6s27f }} (+ [https://archive.org/stream/guidageneraledis00gian#page/n147/mode/2up via Internet Archive])

{{cite book

|chapter= Provincia di Siracusa

| ref = {{harvid|Bernardini|1890}}

|hdl=2027/njp.32101074983378 }}

{{cite book

|title= Sicilia

|series=Guida d'Italia |publisher=Touring Club Italiano |location=Milan |language=it

|year=1919

|chapter= Siracusa |page= 349+

|hdl=2027/uc1.$b535988 }}

{{citation |title= Enciclopedia Italiana |language=it

|year= 1936

|chapter-url= http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/siracusa_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)

|chapter= Siracusa

| ref = {{harvid|Treccani|1936}}

|title-link=Enciclopedia Italiana

}}

{{cite book |author=M. Guido |title= Siracusa: Guida storico pratica ai suoi principali monumenti ed ai luoghi d'interesse |language=it |year= 1960 }}
{{cite book |author= T. Carpinteri |title= Siracusa, città fortificata |language=it |year= 1983 }}
{{cite book|title=Siracusa e provincia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s2KfkMeJXUUC |publisher=Touring Club Italiano |location=Milan |language=it |isbn=978-88-365-1253-9 |year=1999

| ref = {{harvid|Touring Club Italiano|1999}}

}}

External links

{{cite web |title=Archivio Storico Comunale |work=Città di Siracusa |date=10 March 2023 |url=http://www.comune.siracusa.it/index.php/it/gli-uffici/100-archivio-storico-comunale |language=it |publisher=Comune di Siracusa }} (city archives)
[https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=Syracuse+Italy&rows=96 Items related to Syracuse], various dates (via Europeana)
[http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Syracuse+Italy&utf8=✓ Items related to Syracuse], various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Images

File:Porta del castello d’Ortigia.jpg|Porta Ligny, built 1673, demolished 1893

File:SR Marittima 1910.gif|Stazione Siracusa Marittima, opened in 1892

File:Facciata da via del Teatro.JPG|Teatro Communale, opened in 1897

File:Palazzo dell poste, porto Siracusa.jpg|Post Office, built 1935 (photo 2006)

File:2015 Augusta-Priolo Sicily.jpg|Augusta-Priolo industrial complex near city, est. circa 1950 (photo 2015)

Syracuse, Sicily

Timeline of Syracuse, Sicily

Prior to 17th century

17th–19th centuries

20th century

21st century

See also

References

Bibliography

=in English=

=in Italian=

External links

Images