Timeline of women in mathematics

File:Woman teaching geometry.jpg

This is a timeline of women in mathematics.

Timeline

=Classical Age=

Before 350: Pandrosion, a Greek mathematician known for an approximate solution to doubling the cube and a simplified exact solution to the construction of the geometric mean.{{MacTutor|id=Pandrosion|title=Pandrosion of Alexandria}}
c. 350–370 until 415: The lifetime of Hypatia, a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher in Roman Egypt who was the first well-documented woman in mathematics.{{Cite book|title=Ecclesiastical History|last=Scholasticus|first=Socrates|authorlink=Socrates Scholasticus|url=http://cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-socrates.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418015156/http://www.cosmopolis.com/alexandria/hypatia-bio-socrates.html|archive-date=2009-04-18}}

=18th Century=

1748: Italian mathematician Maria Agnesi published the first book discussing both differential and integral calculus, called Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana.According to Dirk Jan Struik, Agnesi is "the first important woman mathematician since Hypatia (fifth century A.D.)".{{cite web|url=http://www.epigenesys.eu/index.php/en/science-and-you/women-in-science/665-maria-gaetana-agnesi|title=Epigenesys - Maria Gaetana Agnesi | Women in science|publisher=epigenesys.eu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1759: French mathematician Émilie du Châtelet's translation and commentary on Isaac Newton’s work Principia Mathematica was published posthumously; it is still considered the standard French translation.{{cite web|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/emilie_du_chatelet.php|title=Brooklyn Museum: Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Emilie du Chatelet|publisher=brooklynmuseum.org|access-date=2014-01-25}}
c. 1787 – 1797: Self-taught Chinese astronomer Wang Zhenyi published at least twelve books and multiple articles on astronomy and mathematics.{{Cite book|last=Bennett Peterson|first=Barbara|date=2016-09-16|title=Notable Women of China|doi=10.4324/9781315702063|isbn=9781315702063}}

=19th Century=

1827: French mathematician Sophie Germain saw her theorem, known as Sophie Germain's theorem, published in a footnote of a book by the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm|title=Sophie Germain|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{cite web|url=http://www.math.rochester.edu/people/faculty/doug/UGpages/sophie.html|title=Sophie Germain page|publisher=math.rochester.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}} In this theorem Germain proved that if x, y, and z are integers and if x⁵ + y⁵ = z⁵ then either x, y, or z must be divisible by 5. Germain's theorem was a major step toward proving Fermat's Last Theorem for the case where n equals 5.
1829: The first public examination of an American girl in geometry was held.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_O4kEAAAAYAAJ |title=History of Woman Suffrage: 1848–1861, Volume 1|publisher=Susan B. Anthony |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_O4kEAAAAYAAJ/page/n36 36]|editor1=Elizabeth Cady Stanton |editor2=Susan B. Anthony |editor3=Matilda Joslyn Gage |editor4=Ida Husted Harper |date=1889 |access-date=2011-04-18}}
1858: Florence Nightingale became the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society.{{Cite web|url=https://rss.org.uk/about/history/|title=History|website=RSS}}
1873: Sarah Woodhead of Britain became the first woman to take the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exam, which she passed.{{cite book|title=Women in Mathematics: Celebrating the Centennial of the Mathematical Association of America |publisher=Springer |date=2018 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=eDVBDwAAQBAJ&dq="Sarah+woodhead"+tripos+1873&pg=PA8 8]|isbn=978-3-319-88303-8 |editor-first1=Jacqueline A. |editor-last1=Jensen-Vallin |editor-first2=Janet L. |editor-last2=Beery |editor-first3=Maura B. |editor-last3=Mast |editor-first4=Sarah J. |editor-last4=Greenwald}}
1874: Russian mathematician Sofya Kovalevskaya became the first woman to earn a doctorate (in the modern sense) in mathematics.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya.|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/323006/Sofya-Vasilyevna-Kovalevskaya |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition.|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=22 October 2011}}
1880: Charlotte Angas Scott of Britain obtained special permission to take the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exam, as women were not normally allowed to sit for the exam. She came eighth on the Tripos of all students taking them, but due to her sex, the title of "eighth wrangler," a high honour, went officially to a male student.{{cite book|title="Charlotte Angas Scott (1858–1931)" in Women of Mathematics: A Biobibliographic Sourcebook|year=1987|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=New York|isbn=0-313-24849-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/193 193–203]|author=Patricia Clark Kenschaft|authorlink=Patricia Clark Kenschaft|url=https://archive.org/details/womenofmathemati0000unse/page/193}} At the ceremony, however, after the seventh wrangler had been announced, all the students in the audience shouted her name. Because she could not attend the award ceremony, Scott celebrated her accomplishment at Girton College where there were cheers and clapping at dinner, and a special evening ceremony where the students sang "See the Conquering Hero Comes", and she received an ode written by a staff member, and was crowned with laurels.
1885: Charlotte Angas Scott became the first British woman to receive a doctorate in mathematics, which she received from the University of London.🖉{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/scott.htm|title=Charlotte Angas Scott|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1886: Winifred Edgerton Merrill became the first American woman to earn a PhD in mathematics, which she earned from Columbia University.{{cite journal|journal=Notices of the AMS|volume=59|issue=4|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/201204/rtx120400504p.pdf|title=Winifred Edgerton Merrill:"She Opened the Door"|author1=Susan E. Kelly |author2=Sarah A. Rozner |name-list-style=amp |date=28 February 2012|access-date=25 January 2014}}
1888: The Kovalevskaya top, one of a brief list of known examples of integrable rigid body motion, was discovered by Sofia Kovalevskaya.S. Kovalevskaya, Sur Le Probleme De La Rotation D'Un Corps Solide Autour D'Un Point Fixe, Acta Mathematica 12 (1889) 177–232.E. T. Whittaker, A Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies, Cambridge University Press (1952).
1889: Sofia Kovalevskaya was appointed as the first female professor in Northern Europe, at the Stockholm University.{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/323006/Sofya-Vasilyevna-Kovalevskaya|title=Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (Russian mathematician) -- Encyclopædia Britannica|publisher=britannica.com|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{cite web|url=http://www.chai-x.nl/blog.php?post=10|title=COOL, CREATIEF, HIP met ICT - Innovative women|publisher=chai-x.nl|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1890: Philippa Fawcett of Britain{{Cite web|url=https://www.maths.cam.ac.uk/internships/philippa-fawcett/philippa-fawcett-internship-programme|title=Philippa Fawcett Internship Programme | Philippa Fawcett Internship Programme|website=www.maths.cam.ac.uk}} became the first woman to obtain the top score in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exam. Her score was 13 per cent higher than the second highest score. When the women's list was announced, Fawcett was described as "above the senior wrangler", but she did not receive the title of senior wrangler, as at that time only men could receive degrees and therefore only men were eligible for the Senior Wrangler title.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/fawcett.htm|title=Philippa Garrett Fawcett|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-woman-who-bested-the-men-at-math-120480965/|title=The Woman Who Bested the Men at Math | History | Smithsonian|publisher=smithsonianmag.com|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1891: Charlotte Angas Scott of Britain became the first woman to join the American Mathematical Society, then called the New York Mathematical Society.{{cite book

| last = Oakes

| first = Elizabeth

| title = Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Revised Edition

| pages=655

| publisher = Infobase Publishing

| year = 2007

| isbn = 9781438118826

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC&dq=1891+%22charlotte+angas++scott%22+%22first+woman%22+%22american+mathematical+society%22&pg=PA655}}

1891: Cornelia Fabri of Italy became the first woman to earn a doctorate in math from the University of Pisa.{{Cite web |title=Sistema Museale della Provincia di Ravenna - Cornelia Fabri |url=http://www.sistemamusei.ra.it/main/index.php?id_pag=99&op=lrs&id_riv_articolo=939 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.sistemamusei.ra.it}}
1894: Charlotte Angas Scott of Britain became the first woman on the first Council of the American Mathematical Society.{{cite web

| last = Chaplin

| first = Stephanie

| title = Biographies of Women Mathematicians: Charlotte Angas Scott

| publisher = Agnes Scott College

| year = 1997

| url = http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/scott.htm

| access-date = 22 October 2012}}

1897: Four women attended the inaugural International Congress of Mathematicians in Zurich in 1897 - Charlotte Angas Scott, Iginia Massarini, Vera von Schiff, and Charlotte Wedell.{{citation|title=Mathematicians of the World, Unite!: The International Congress of Mathematicians—A Human Endeavor|first=Guillermo|last=Curbera|publisher=CRC Press|year=2009|isbn=9781439865125|page=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9uDqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA16}}

= 20th Century =

1911: Swedish mathematician Louise Petrén-Overton became the first woman in Sweden with a doctorate in mathematics.{{citation|contribution-url=https://skbl.se/en/article/LouisePetrenOverton|contribution=Hedvig Louise Beata Petrén-Overton|language=Swedish|title=Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon|trans-title=Biographical Dictionary of Swedish Women|first=Lisbeth|last=Larsson|accessdate=2019-01-13}}
1913: American mathematician Mildred Sanderson earned her PhD for a thesis that included an important theorem about modular invariants.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/sander.htm|title=Mildred Leonora Sanderson|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1918: German mathematician Emmy Noether published Noether's (first) theorem, which states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law.{{cite journal | author = Noether E | year = 1918 | title = Invariante Variationsprobleme | journal = Nachr. D. König. Gesellsch. D. Wiss. Zu Göttingen, Math-phys. Klasse | volume = 1918 | pages = 235–257 }}
1927: American mathematician Anna Pell-Wheeler became the first woman to present a lecture at the American Mathematical Society Colloquium.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/prizes.htm|title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/wheeler.htm|title=Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1930: Cecilia Kreiger became the first woman to earn a PhD in mathematics in Canada, at the University of Toronto.{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cecilia-krieger/|title=Cecilia Krieger|last=Zuschlag|first=Anna|encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en}}
1930s: British mathematician Mary Cartwright proved her theorem, now known as Cartwright's theorem, which gives an estimate for the maximum modulus of an analytic function that takes the same value no more than p times in the unit disc. To prove the theorem she used a new approach, applying a technique introduced by Lars Ahlfors for conformal mappings.{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Cartwright.html|title=Cartwright biography|publisher=-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1943: Euphemia Haynes became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, which she earned from Catholic University of America.{{cite web|url=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/haynes.euphemia.lofton.html|title=Euphemia Lofton Haynes, first African American woman mathematician|publisher=math.buffalo.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1944: Helen Walker became the first female president of the American Statistical Association.{{cite web|title=Helen Walker, 91, First Woman To Head U.S. Statistical Group|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/01/18/obituaries/helen-walker-91-first-woman-to-head-us-statistical-group.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=1 December 2014|date=18 January 1983}}
1949: American mathematician Gertrude Mary Cox became the first woman elected into the International Statistical Institute.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/cox.htm|title=Gertrude Mary Cox|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1949: Maria Laura Lopes became the first woman in Brazil to earn a PhD in mathematics.{{Cite web |title=Pioneiras da Ciência no Brasil |url=http://cnpq.br/pioneiras-da-ciencia-do-brasil2 |access-date=November 28, 2016 |website=CNPq |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Fontanetto |first=Renata |date=June 21, 2013 |title=Faleceu a Acadêmica Maria Laura Mouzinho Leite Lopes |url=http://www.abc.org.br/article.php3?id_article=2777 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129082859/http://www.abc.org.br/article.php3?id_article=2777 |archive-date=November 29, 2016 |access-date=November 28, 2016 |website=ABC – Academia Brasileira de Ciência |language=pt}}
1951: Mary Cartwright of Britain became the first female president of the Mathematical Association.{{citation

| last = Williams | first = Mrs. E. M.| author-link = Elizabeth Williams (educationist)

| date = October 1966

| doi = 10.2307/3614669

| issue = 373

| pages = 243–254| journal = The Mathematical Gazette

| title = Presidential Address: The Changing Role of Mathematics in Education

| volume = 50| jstor = 3614669| s2cid = 186846165}}

1956: American mathematician Gladys West began collecting data from satellites at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Her calculations directly impacted the development of accurate GPS systems.{{Cite news|url=http://gpsworld.com/how-gladys-west-uncovered-the-hidden-figures-of-gps/|title=How Gladys West uncovered the 'Hidden Figures' of GPS|date=2018-03-19|work=GPS World|access-date=2018-09-22|language=en-US}}

==1960s==

1960 and 1966: British mathematician Lucy Joan Slater published two books about the hypergeometric functions from the Cambridge University Press.Slater, Lucy Joan (1960), Confluent hypergeometric functions, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,Slater, Lucy Joan (1966), Generalized hypergeometric functions, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1961: Mary Cartwright of Britain became the first woman to be President of the London Mathematical Society.{{cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=J. J. |last2=Robertson |first2=E. F. |title=Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Cartwright.html |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews |access-date=3 April 2019}}
1962: American mathematician Mina Rees became the first person to receive the Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics from the Mathematical Association of America.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/rees.htm|title=Mina Rees|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1963: Grace Alele-Williams became the first Nigerian woman to earn a Ph.D when she defended her thesis in Mathematics Education at the University of Chicago (U.S.){{Cite web| title = Grace Alele Williams| access-date = 2021-01-18| url = https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/williams.htm}}{{Cite web| title = 5 women who have made their marks in education| work = Pulse Nigeria| access-date = 2021-01-18| date = 0100| url = https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/international-womens-day-5-women-who-have-made-their-marks-in-education/rsw5836}}
1964: Mary Cartwright of Britain became the first woman to be given the Sylvester Medal of the Royal Society.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/cartwght.htm|title=Mary Lucy Cartwright|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1965: Scottish mathematician Elizabeth McHarg became the first female president of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society.{{citation|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/ems/EMSPresidents.html|title=Edinburgh Mathematical Society – Presidents|work=MacTutor History of Mathematics archive|publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews|accessdate=2018-10-12}}{{citation|url=https://ima.org.uk/8604/female-presidents-three-maths-societies/|title=Female Presidents for Three Maths Societies|publisher=Institute of Mathematics and its Applications|work=Mathematics Today|date=December 2017|first=Celia|last=Hoyles}}
1966: American mathematician Mary L. Boas published Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences, which was still widely used in college classrooms as of 1999.{{cite book|author=Mary L. Boas|title=Mathematical methods in the physical sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RuPuAAAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471084174}}{{cite journal|last=Spector|first=Donald|title=Book Reviews|journal=American Journal of Physics|year=1999|volume=67|issue=2|pages=165–169|doi=10.1119/1.19216}}{{Cite web|url=http://condor.depaul.edu/~physics/people/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619130842/http://condor.depaul.edu/~physics/people/index.html |url-status=dead |title=DePaul Department of Physics|archive-date=June 19, 2010}}
1968: Mary Cartwright of Britain became the first woman to be given the De Morgan Medal, the London Mathematical Society’s premier award.🖉{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/prizes.htm#demorgan|title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}

==1970s==

1970: American mathematician Mina Rees became the first female president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/rees.htm|title=Mina Rees|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1971: American mathematician Mary Ellen Rudin constructed the first Dowker space.{{cite web|url=http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwifs/mathnews/Nzms84/news84a.shtml |title=New Zealand Mathematical Societu Newsletter Number 84, April 2002 |publisher=Massey.ac.nz |date= |access-date=2017-06-20}}{{Cite web|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rudin/|title=Mary Ellen Rudin - Biography|website=Maths History}}
1971: The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) was founded. It is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. It is incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/awmmath/awm|title=About AWM - AWM Association for Women in Mathematics|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1971: The American Mathematical Society established its Joint Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences (JCW), which later became a joint committee of multiple scholarly societies.{{cite web|url=http://jcwmath.wordpress.com/|title=JCW-Math | Joint Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences|publisher=jcwmath.wordpress.com|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1973: American mathematician Jean Taylor published her dissertation on "Regularity of the Singular Set of Two-Dimensional Area-Minimizing Flat Chains Modulo 3 in R3" which solved a long-standing problem about length and smoothness of soap-film triple function curves.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/jtaylor.htm|title=Jean Taylor|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1974: Joan Birman published the book Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups.{{cite journal|journal=Notices of the AMS|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/200701/fea-birman.pdf|title=Interview with Joan Birman|volume=54|issue=1|date=4 December 2006|accessdate=25 January 2014}}
1975: American mathematician Julia Robinson became the first female mathematician elected to the National Academy of Sciences.{{cite web|url=http://www.awm-math.org/noetherbrochure/Robinson82.html|title=Profiles of Women in Mathematics: Julia Robinson|publisher=awm-math.org|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/robinson.htm|title=Julia Bowman Robinson|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1975: Stella Cunliffe became the first female president of the Royal Statistical Society.
1976-1977: Marjorie Rice, an amateur American mathematician, discovered four new types of tessellating pentagons in 1976 and 1977.{{Citation | last=Schattschneider | first=Doris |author-link=Doris Schattschneider| title=Tiling the plane with congruent pentagons | mr=0493766 | year=1978 | journal=Mathematics Magazine | issn=0025-570X | volume=51 | issue=1 | pages=29–44 | doi=10.2307/2689644 | jstor=2689644 | url=http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-awards/tiling-the-plane-with-congruent-pentagons}}{{citation |author=Marjorie Rice |url=https://sites.google.com/site/intriguingtessellations/home/tessellations |title=Tessellations |website=Intriguing Tessellations |via=Google Sites |access-date=22 August 2015}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/marjorie-rices-secret-pentagons-20170711/|title=Marjorie Rice's Secret Pentagons|first=Natalie|last=Wolchover|date=July 11, 2017|website=Quanta Magazine}}
1979: American mathematician Dorothy Lewis Bernstein became the first female president of the Mathematical Association of America.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists|author=Oakes, E.H.|year=2007|publisher=Facts On File, Incorporated|isbn=9781438118826|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC}}
1979: American mathematician Mary Ellen Rudin became the first woman to present the Mathematical Association of America’s Earle Raymond Hedrick Lectures, intended to showcase skilled expositors and enrich the understanding of instructors of college-level mathematics.

== 1980s ==

1981: Canadian-American mathematician Cathleen Morawetz became the first woman to give the Gibbs Lecture of the American Mathematical Society.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/morawetz.htm|title=Cathleen Morawetz|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1981: American mathematician Doris Schattschneider became the first female editor of Mathematics Magazine, a refereed bimonthly publication of the Mathematical Association of America.{{Cite web|url=http://math.unca.edu/parsons-lecture/2005/bio|title=2005 Parson Lecturer - Dr. Doris Schattschneider|publisher=University of North Carolina at Asheville, Department of Mathematics|access-date=2013-07-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111191254/http://math.unca.edu/parsons-lecture/2005/bio|archive-date=2014-01-11}}.{{Cite web |url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/schatt.htm |title=Biographies of Women Mathematicians {{!}} Doris Schattschneider|publisher=Agnes Scott College|date=April 5, 2013|accessdate=2013-07-13|first=Larry|last=Riddle }}
1982: Rebecca Walo Omana became the first female mathematics professor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.{{Cite web| title = Rebecca Walo OMANA {{!}} African Women in Mathematics Association| access-date = 2021-01-15| url = http://africanwomeninmath.org/women-in-math/portrait/rebecca-walo-omana}}{{Citation| title = 2019_AUR Conf_ConceptNote-Bios-Abstract.pdf| access-date = 2021-01-16| url = https://www.iccrom.org/sites/default/files/2019_AUR%20Conf_ConceptNote-Bios-Abstract.pdf}}
1983: American mathematician Julia Robinson was elected the first female president of the American Mathematical Society for the term of 1983-1984 (but was unable to complete her term as she was suffering from leukemia),{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Julia_Bowman_Robinson.aspx |title=Julia Bowman Robinson |website=Encyclopedia.com}} and became the first female mathematician to be awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.
1986: European Women in Mathematics (EWM) was founded as an organization in 1986 by Bodil Branner, Caroline Series, Gudrun Kalmbach, Marie-Françoise Roy, and Dona Strauss, inspired by the activities of the Association for Women in Mathematics in the USA.{{Cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Societies/European_Women.html|title=European Women in Mathematics|last=|first=|date=February 2018|website=MacTutor History of Mathematics archive|access-date=2018-08-30}} It is the "first and best known" of several organizations devoted to women in mathematics in Europe.{{citation|first=Caroline|last=Series|authorlink=Caroline Series|title=European Level Organisations for Women Mathematicians|url=http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/newsletter/pdf/2013-12-90.pdf|magazine=EMS Newsletter|publisher=European Mathematical Society|volume=90|date=December 2013|page=11}}
1987: Eileen Poiani became the first female president of Pi Mu Epsilon.{{citation|url=http://pme-math.org/poiani|publisher=Pi Mu Epsilon|title=C.C. MacDuffee Award 1995 – Eileen L. Poiani|access-date=2019-11-08}}
1988: American mathematician Doris Schattschneider became the first woman to present the Mathematical Association of America’s J. Sutherland Frame Lectures.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/schatt.htm|title=Doris Schattschneider|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}

==1990s==

1992: Australian mathematician Cheryl Praeger became the first female President of the Australian Mathematical Society.{{Cite web|url=https://www.agsa.org.au/news/prof-cheryl-praeger-first-female-mathematician-awarded-george-szekeres-medal/|title=Prof Cheryl Praeger - first female mathematician awarded George Szekeres Medal|website=Alliance of Girls’ Schools Australasia}}
1992: American mathematician Gloria Gilmer became the first woman to deliver a major National Association of Mathematicians lecture (it was the Cox-Talbot address).{{cite web|url=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/PEEPS/gilmer_gloria.html|title=Gloria Ford Gilmer|publisher=math.buffalo.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1992: Ruth Hendry became first (and so far only) female undergraduate to be officially named as Senior Wrangler in Cambridge University Mathematical Tripos examination.{{cite web|url=http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/sjc1/Senior-Wrangler/Hendry-1992.pdf|title=Letter of confirmation of first place 1992 pt II mathematical tripos|access-date=2015-04-06}}{{cite web|url=https://www.queens.cam.ac.uk/sites/www.queens.cam.ac.uk/files/publicationFiles/final_mu20301_queens_bridge_-_march_2016_-_low_res_2.pdf|title=Where are they now? Ruth Hendry (1989): the only known female Senior Wrangler in history|access-date=2016-09-09}}
1995: American mathematician Margaret Wright became the first female president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/wright.htm|title=Margaret Wright|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1995: Israeli-Canadian mathematician Leah Edelstein-Keshet became the first female president of the Society for Mathematical Biology.{{cite web|url=http://www.math.ubc.ca/~keshet/keshet.html|title=Leah Edelstein-Keshet|publisher=math.ubc.ca|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1995: Ina Kersten became the president of the German Mathematical Society, which meant she was the first woman to head the society.{{citation|page=5|language=German|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29UkBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|title=Traumjob Mathematik!: Berufswege von Frauen und Männern in der Mathematik|first1=Andrea E.|last1=Abele|first2=Helmut|last2=Neunzert|first3=Renate|last3=Tobies|author3-link=Renate Tobies|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=2013|isbn=978-3-0348-7963-7}}{{citation|language=German|title=Ästhetik der Algebra|first=Thomas|last=von Randow|date=20 January 1995|newspaper=Die Zeit|url=https://www.zeit.de/1995/04/Aesthetik_der_Algebra}}
1996: American mathematician Joan Birman became the first woman to receive the Mathematical Association of America’s Chauvenet Prize.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/birman.htm|title=Joan S. Birman|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
1996: Katherine Heinrich became the first female President of the Canadian Mathematical Society.{{citation|url=https://cms.math.ca/Women/women.pdf|title=Women in Mathematics|publisher=Canadian Mathematical Society|accessdate=2018-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019210138/https://cms.math.ca/Women/women.pdf|archive-date=2020-10-19|url-status=dead}}
1996: Ioana Dumitriu, a New York University sophomore from Romania, became the first woman to be named a Putnam Fellow.{{cite news|author=Karen W. Arenson |author-link=Karen W. Arenson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/01/nyregion/q-how-many-women-have-won-the-top-math-contest.html |title=Q: How Many Women Have Won the Top Math Contest? - New York Times |work=The New York Times |date=1997-05-01 |access-date=2014-03-04}} Putnam Fellows are the top five (or six, in case of a tie) scorers on The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition.{{cite web|url=http://www.dukemagazine.duke.edu/issues/010210/figure-where.html|title=Duke Magazine-Where Are They Now?-January/February 2010|publisher=dukemagazine.duke.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{cite web|url=https://cogito.cty.jhu.edu/15504/melanie-wood-the-making-of-a-mathematician/|title=Melanie Wood: The Making of a Mathematician - Cogito|publisher=cogito.cty.jhu.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}}
1998: Bodil Branner was the first woman to lead the Danish Mathematical Society, which she did from 1998 to 2002.{{citation|title=Bodil Branner og Dansk Matematisk Forening|first=Hans Jørgen|last=Munkholm|date=February 5, 2002|language=Danish|url=http://www.matilde.mathematics.dk/arkiv/M12/bodil.htm|accessdate=2015-02-16}}.
1998: Melanie Wood became the first female American to make the U.S. International Math Olympiad Team. She won silver medals in the 1998 and 1999 International Mathematical Olympiads.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/10/education/10math.html |work=The New York Times|title=Math Skills Suffer in U.S., Study Finds |first=Sara |last=Rimer |date=10 October 2008 |access-date=2019-11-20}}

=21st Century=

==2000s==

2002: Susan Howson became the first woman to be given the Adams Prize, given annually by the University of Cambridge to a British mathematician under the age of 40.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/prizes.htm#adams|title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
2002: Melanie Wood became the first American woman and second woman overall to be named a Putnam Fellow in 2002. Putnam Fellows are the top five (or six, in case of a tie) scorers on William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition.
2004: American Melanie Wood became the first woman to win the Frank and Brennie Morgan Prize for Outstanding Research in Mathematics by an Undergraduate Student. It is an annual award given to an undergraduate student in the US, Canada, or Mexico who demonstrates superior mathematics research.{{cite journal|journal=Notices of the AMS|url=http://www.ams.org/notices/200404/comm-morgan.pdf|title=2003 Morgan Prize|volume=51|issue=4|date=26 February 2004|access-date=25 January 2014}}
2004: American Alison Miller became the first female gold medal winner on the U.S. International Mathematical Olympiad Team.{{cite web|url=http://mathforum.org/announce/congrats_alison.html|title=Math Forum @ Drexel: Congratulations, Alison!|publisher=mathforum.org|access-date=2014-01-25}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/2004-imo-us-team-results-in-athens-greece|title=2004 IMO US Team Results in Athens, Greece | Mathematical Association of America|website=www.maa.org}}
2006: Polish-Canadian mathematician Nicole Tomczak-Jaegermann became the first woman to win the CRM-Fields-PIMS prize.[http://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/chairholders-titulaires/profile-eng.aspx?profileId=545 Canada Research Chair in Geometric Analysis], retrieved 2010-12-03.{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/prizes.htm|title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/press/05-06/tomczak-jaegermann.html|title=Fields Institute - CRM-Fields Prize Recipients|publisher=fields.utoronto.ca|access-date=2014-01-25}}
2006: Stefanie Petermichl, a German mathematical analyst then at the University of Texas at Austin, became the first woman to win the Salem Prize, an annual award given to young mathematicians who have worked in Raphael Salem's field of interest, chiefly topics in analysis related to Fourier series.[https://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/~petermic/short_vita.html Short vita], retrieved 2016-07-04. She shared the prize with Artur Avila.{{cite web|url=https://www.media.uzh.ch/en/Press-Releases/2018/Artur-Avila.html |title=UZH - Fields Medal Winner Artur Avila Appointed Full Professor at the University of Zurich |publisher=Media.uzh.ch |date=2018-07-24 |access-date=2018-10-09}}
2006: When Olga Gil Medrano became president of the Royal Spanish Mathematical Society in 2006, she was the first woman elected to that position.{{citation|title=Mujeres en ciencia y tecnología

|first1=Rosa M.^a|last1=Claramunt Vallespí|first2=Teresa|last2=Claramunt Vallespí|publisher=UNED|year=2012|isbn=9788436265255|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2vOCz_Csl4C&pg=PT210}}

==2010s==

2011: Belgian mathematician Ingrid Daubechies became the first female president of the International Mathematical Union.{{Cite news|url=http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2016/08/math-professor-ingrid-daubechies-awarded-1-5-million-grant|title=Math professor Ingrid Daubechies awarded $1.5 million grant|work=The Chronicle|access-date=2018-02-03}}
2012: Latvian mathematician Daina Taimina became the first woman to win the Euler Book Prize, for her 2009 book Crocheting Adventures with Hyperbolic Planes.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/daina-taimina|title=Daina Taimina | The Guardian|website=the Guardian}}{{Cite web|url=https://mathwomen.agnesscott.org/women/prizes.htm#euler|title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians|website=mathwomen.agnesscott.org}}
2012: The Working Committee for Women in Mathematics, Chinese Mathematical Society (WCWM-CMS) was founded; it is a national non-profit academic organization in which female mathematicians who are engaged in research, teaching, and applications of mathematics can share their scientific research through academic exchanges both in China and abroad.{{cite web|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/women.htm|title=Women Mathematicians, Sponsored by Agnes Scott College|publisher=agnesscott.edu|access-date=2014-01-25}} It is one of the branches of the Chinese Mathematical Society (CMS).
2013: The African Women in Mathematics Association was founded. This professional organization with over 300 members promotes mathematics to African women and girls and supports female mathematicians.{{Cite speech| last = Ouedraogo| first = Pr Marie Françoise| author-link = Marie Françoise Ouedraogo | title = AWMA: une association au service des femmes mathématiciennes africaines | event = Femmes et Mathematiques: Mathématiciennes africaines| date = 2015-05-30 |location = Institut Henri Poincaré| url = https://femmes-et-maths.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/AWMA-Paris-30-mai-2015.pdf| language = fr}}{{Cite web|title=Organization {{!}} African Women in Mathematics Association|url=http://africanwomeninmath.org/about-us/organization|access-date=2021-01-15|website=africanwomeninmath.org}}
2014: Maryam Mirzakhani became the first woman as well as the first Iranian to be awarded the Fields Medal, which she was awarded for "her outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces."{{cite web|url=http://www.themarysue.com/woman-wins-fields-medal-for-first-time/|title=Maryam Mirzakhani Becomes First Woman to Earn Fields Medal for Mathematics in Its 78 Year History | The Mary Sue|date=12 August 2014 |publisher=themarysue.com|access-date=2014-09-13}}{{cite web | url = http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/ | publisher = International Mathematical Union | title = IMU Prizes 2014 citations| access-date = 2014-08-12}}{{cite web | url = http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/| publisher = International Mathematical Union | title = IMU Prizes 2014| access-date = 2014-08-12}} That year the Fields Medal was also awarded to Martin Hairer, Manjul Bhargava, and Artur Avila.{{cite web|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal/fields-medals-2014 |title=Fields Medals 2014 | International Mathematical Union (IMU) |publisher=Mathunion.org |date=2014-08-13 |access-date=2018-10-09}} It is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union, and is often viewed as the greatest honor a mathematician can receive.{{cite journal| title = 2006 Fields Medals awarded | journal = Notices of the American Mathematical Society| volume = 53|issue = 9|publisher= American Mathematical Society|date=October 2006 | url = http://www.ams.org/notices/200609/comm-prize-fields.pdf| pages= 1037–1044}}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/reclusive-russian-turns-down-math-world-s-highest-honour-1.622524|title=Reclusive Russian turns down math world's highest honour|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=22 August 2006|access-date=2006-08-26}}
2016: French mathematician Claire Voisin received the CNRS Gold medal, the highest scientific research award in France.{{cite web | url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/2815.htm | title=Mathematician Claire Voisin awarded the CNRS 2016 gold medal}}
2016: The London Mathematical Society's Women in Mathematics Committee was awarded the Royal Society's inaugural Athena Prize.{{Cite web |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/athena-prize/ |title=Royal Society Athena Prize | Royal Society |date=April 19, 2022 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419233321/https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/athena-prize/ |archive-date=19 April 2022 |url-status=dead}}
2017: Nouzha El Yacoubi became the first female president of the African Mathematical Union.{{Cite web|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/African_women_1/|title=African women 1|website=Maths History}}
2019: American mathematician Karen Uhlenbeck became the first woman to win the Abel Prize, with the award committee citing "the fundamental impact of her work on analysis, geometry and mathematical physics."{{cite news |last1=Change |first1=Kenneth |title=Karen Uhlenbeck Is First Woman to Receive Abel Prize in Mathematics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/science/karen-uhlenbeck-abel-prize.html |access-date=19 March 2019 |work=New York Times |date=March 19, 2019}}
2019: Marissa Kawehi Loving became the first Native Hawaiian woman to earn a PhD in mathematics when she graduated from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 2019. In addition to being Native Hawaiian, she is also black, Japanese, and Puerto Rican.{{Cite web|url=http://events.brown.edu/mathematics/event/215080-horizons-seminar-marissa-kawehi-loving|title=Horizons Seminar: Marissa Kawehi Loving|first=Brown Office of University|last=Communications|website=events.brown.edu}}

==2020s==

2020: Lisa Piccirillo published a mathematical proof in the journal Annals of Mathematics determining that the Conway knot is not a smoothly slice knot,{{Cite web

| last = Klarreich

| first = Erica

| title = In a Single Measure, Invariants Capture the Essence of Math Objects

| url = https://www.quantamagazine.org/math-invariants-helped-lisa-piccirillo-solve-conway-knot-problem-20200602/

| website = Quanta Magazine

| access-date = 2020-06-08

}}{{Cite journal|last=Piccirillo|first=Lisa|date=2020|title=The Conway knot is not slice|journal=Annals of Mathematics|volume=191|issue=2|pages=581–591|doi=10.4007/annals.2020.191.2.5|jstor=10.4007/annals.2020.191.2.5|issn=0003-486X|arxiv=1808.02923|s2cid=52398890}} answering an unsolved problem in knot theory first proposed over fifty years prior by English mathematician John Horton Conway.{{Cite web|title=Graduate Student Solves Decades-Old Conway Knot Problem|url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/graduate-student-solves-decades-old-conway-knot-problem-20200519/|last=Klarreich|first=Erica|authorlink=Erica Klarreich |website=Quanta Magazine|language=en|access-date=May 20, 2020}}

2020: Sarah B. Hart was appointed to be the Gresham Professor of Geometry in Gresham College, making her the first woman to hold this position "since the chair was established in 1597".{{citation|url=https://www.gresham.ac.uk/news/sarah-hart-appointed|title=Sarah Hart Appointed Gresham Professor of Geometry|date=28 April 2020|publisher=Gresham College|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823115229/https://www.gresham.ac.uk/news/sarah-hart-appointed|archive-date=2020-08-23|url-status=dead}}
2022: Maryna Viazovska was awarded the Fields Medal in July 2022, making her the second woman (after Maryam Mirzakhani), the second person born in the Ukrainian SSR and the first with a degree from a Ukrainian university to ever receive it.{{cite arXiv | last=Cohn | first=Henry | title=The work of Maryna Viazovska | year=2022 | eprint=2207.06913 | page=| class=math.MG }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3522571-ukrainian-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-2022.html|title=Ukrainian Viazovska wins Fields Medal 2022|website=www.ukrinform.net|date=5 July 2022 |access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707010822/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3522571-ukrainian-viazovska-wins-fields-medal-2022.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|title=Fields Medal | International Mathematical Union (IMU)|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226015744/https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|url-status=live}} That year the Fields Medal was also awarded to Hugo Duminil-Copin, June Huh, and James Maynard.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|title=Fields Medal | International Mathematical Union (IMU)|website=www.mathunion.org}} The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union, and is often viewed as the greatest honor a mathematician can receive.
2023: Ingrid Daubechies was awarded the Wolf Prize in Mathematics in February 2023, becoming the first woman to receive this award.{{Cite web|url=https://wolffund.org.il/2023/02/07/ingrid-daubechies/|title=Ingrid Daubechies|website=Wolf Foundation}}

References

mathematics

Women