Tin mining in Britain

{{Short description|Economic activity}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

File:Botallack Crowns engine houses.jpg, Cornwall]]

File:Tinners gullies near Warren House Inn.jpg

Tin mining in Britain took place from prehistoric times,{{cite journal|last1=French|first1=C. N.|title=The 'Submerged Forest' palaeosols of Cornwall|journal=The 'Submerged Forest' Palaeosols of Cornwall. Geoscience in South-west England|year=1999|volume=9|pages=365–369|url=http://ussher.org.uk/journal/90s/1999/documents/French_1999.pdf|access-date=21 March 2015}} during Bronze Age Britain, until the 20th century. Mention of tin mining in Britain was made by many Classical writers. Tin is necessary to smelt bronze, an alloy that played a vital cultural role during the Bronze Age. As South-West Britain was one of the few parts of Anglian stage England to escape glaciation, tin ore was readily available on the surface. Originally it is likely that cassiterite alluvial deposits in the gravels of streams were exploited but later underground working took place. Shallow cuttings were then used to extract ore. In the 19th century advances in mining engineering enabled the exploitation of much deeper mines. In a few cases these mines even extended both to multiple levels and workings below the seabed.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF02597110 | pages =1125–1146 | title = Volcanism and metallogenesis: the tin province of South-West England | year = 1974 | issue = 3 | last1 = Hawkes | first1 = J. R. | journal = Bulletin Volcanologique | volume = 38|bibcode = 1974BVol...38.1125H | s2cid =140694894 }}{{cite journal |title=Developments in the Early Bronze Age Metallurgy of Southern Britain |first1=S. P. |last1=Needham |first2=M. N. |last2=Leese |first3=D. R. |last3=Hook |first4=M. J. |last4=Hughes |journal=World Archaeology |volume=20 |issue=3, Archaeometallurgy |date=February 1989 |pages=383–402|doi=10.1080/00438243.1989.9980080 }}{{cite book |url=https://www.academia.edu/2120396 |title=Metals Make the World Go Round: The Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe |first=Christopher |last=Pare |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxbow Books |year=2000 |isbn=1-84217-019-8 }}