Tipu Shah
{{Short description|17th-century Bengali rebel}}{{Distinguish|Tipu Sultan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Faqir
| name = Tipu Shah
| native_name = টিপু শাহ
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Mymensingh District, {{flag|Bengal Presidency}}
| death_date = 1852
| death_place = Mymensingh District, {{flag|Bengal Presidency}}
| other_names =
| mother = Chandi Bibi
| father = Karim Shah
| term_start = 1813
| term_end = 1827
| office = Leader of the Pagal Panthis
| predecessor = Karim Shah
| successor = Dubraj Pathor
Janku Pathor
}}
Tipu Shah ({{langx|bn|টিপু শাহ}}; died 1852) was the second leader of the mystic Pagal Panthi Order in Mymensingh (present-day Bangladesh). He commanded the Order and the local peasantry in revolts against the British East India Company and managed to establish an independent state in Sherpur.{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Tipu Shah|author=Hussain, Muhammad Delwar}}
Early life
Tipu Shah was born into a Sufi Muslim fakir family of Pathan ancestry who had settled in Letarkanda, Pargana Sushang (presently under Purbadhala, Netrokona). His father, Karim Shah, founded the mystic Pagal Panthi Order (considered to be the established successor of Majnu Shah's activism) after being inspired by his predecessor Musa Shah.{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Pagal Panthi Movement|author=Hussain, Muhammad Delwar}} His mother, Chandi Bibi, also played an important role in the Order and was respected by the Pagal Panthis as "Pīr-Mātā".{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ut9tAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Bangladesh, 1704-1971|last=Hussain|first=Aklam|last2=Bangladesh|first2=Asiatic Society of|date=1997-01-01|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh|isbn=9789845123372|page=187|language=en}}
Career
It is said that the Pagal Panthis were composed mostly of tribes like Garos, Hajongs and Hudis.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tr1yCgAAQBAJ|title=General Studies Paper I for Civil Services Preliminary Examinations|last=(India)|first=M. H. E.|date=2015-01-01|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=9789339217921|page=102|language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Bandyopadhyaya |first=Sekhara |year=2004 |title=From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0oVra0ulQ3QC |publisher=Orient Blackswan |pages=161–162 |isbn=978-81-250-2596-2|language=en}}
Tipu Shah led a rebellion against the zamindars (landlords) who collected the taxes for British East India Company. The zamindars had imposed heavy taxations on the peasant class, which served as the main cause of the rebellion. The zamindars themselves were paying taxes to the East India company, which raised the taxes after the First Anglo-Burmese War. The rebellion succeeded in the establishment of an independent administration ruled by Tipu Shah in the Sherpur territory of Mymensingh. Beginning in the name of Allah, he collected minimum taxes to run the administration and called for the construction of a mud-fortress known as Garh-Jarip, which functioned as his capital city. He appointed Bakshu Sarkar as the State Judge, Gumanu as the State Collector and Jarip Pagal among others as faujdars. Ultimately, the Company army and police along with local zamindars were able to suppress the rebellion and imprison him on 7 December 1824. Two days later however, he was released on bail. He was arrested for a second time in the same month and was again released on bail on 17 December. In early January 1825, Tipu Shah was trialled and sentenced to lifetime imprisonment.
Death and legacy
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Tipu}}
Category:People from Sherpur District
Category:People from Netrokona District
Category:Indian independence activists from Bengal
Category:19th-century Bengalis
Category:Bangladeshi people who died in prison custody