Titti (bagpipe)
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
The titti ({{langx|te|titti}},[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Mashak-54018.htm Mashak] at India9.com{{Dubious|date=April 2011}} masaka titti, or tutti) is a type of bagpipe played in Andhra Pradesh, India, made from an entire goat-skin.Subhash Kak (Louisiana State University). [http://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/Busan.html The Indian Epic Song Tradition]. Presented at The 7th International Conference and Festival of Asian Music, Busan, Korea, Sept 26-Sept 30, 2002. The instrument is described as a goatskin with a double-reed inserted into one leg, and a bamboo blowpipe into the other.{{cite book|author=Gene Henry Roghair|title=The epic of Palnāḍu: a study and translation of Palnāṭi Vīrula Katha, a Telugu oral tradition from Andhra Pradesh, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4YoOAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=1982|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-815456-3}} The term tittii is used in Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam.{{cite book|author=Sangeet Natak Akademi|title=Sangeet natak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZmfAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=1969|page=669}}
History
Several paintings possibly depicting bagpipes are shown in Kerala, from the early eighteenth century.{{cite book|author=Committee on Research in Dance|title=Dance research monograph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LNsTAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=1973|publisher=CORD.|page=20}}
Colonel James Tod (1782–1835 CE) notes that the Yanadis, a forest tribe in Madras, also play the bagpipes,{{cite book|author=James Tod|title=Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan: or The central and western Rajput states of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CRuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA755|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1920|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|pages=755–}}as do later sources in 1900 describing the Yanadi.{{cite book|author1=Government Museum (Madras|author2=India)|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vAWVSj7tFSMC&pg=RA1-PA103|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=1900|publisher=Printed by the Superintendent, Govt. Press|pages=1–}}
Usage
The instrument is often used to provide solely a constant drone. References note the instrument being used as a drone accompaniment by storytellers and singers,{{cite book|author=Sangeet Natak Akademi|title=Sangeet natak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZmfAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=1969}}{{cite book|author=Alison Arnold|title=South Asia: the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA901|accessdate=24 April 2011|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=901–}} as well as for village dance-dramas.{{cite book|author=Light Isaac|title=Theory of Indian music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nNEHAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=25 December 2012|year=1967|publisher=Printed at Shyam Printers|pages=148–156}}
See also
{{Portal|India|Music}}
- Mashak, a Northern Indian bagpipe
- Sruti upanga, a bagpipe of Tamil Nadu.