Tobacco ringspot virus

{{Short description|Species of virus}}

{{Virusbox

| name = Tobacco ringspot virus

| parent = Nepovirus

| species = Nepovirus nicotianae

}}

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Secoviridae. It is the type species of the genus Nepovirus. Nepoviruses are transmitted between plants by nematodes, thrips, mites, grasshoppers, and flea beetles.{{Cite web| vauthors = Isakeit T |date=2008|title=Tobacco Ringspot Virus of Soybean {{!}} NC State Extension Publications|url=http://amarillo.tamu.edu/files/2010/11/TobaccoRingspotVirus-in-Cucumber.pdf|access-date=2021-06-15| work = Texas AgriLife Extension Service |language=en-US}} TRSV is also easily transmitted by sap inoculation and transmission in seeds has been reported.{{cite journal | vauthors = Murant AF | date = 1983 | title = Seed and pollen transmission of nematode-borne viruses | journal = Seed Sci. Technol. | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 973 }} In recent cases it has also been shown to appear in bees, but no transmission to plants from bees has been noted.{{cite journal | vauthors = Li JL, Cornman RS, Evans JD, Pettis JS, Zhao Y, Murphy C, Peng WJ, Wu J, Hamilton M, Boncristiani HF, Zhou L, Hammond J, Chen YP | display-authors = 6 | title = Systemic spread and propagation of a plant-pathogenic virus in European honeybees, Apis mellifera | journal = mBio | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = e00898-13 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 24449751 | pmc = 3903276 | doi = 10.1128/mbio.00898-13 }}

TRSV was observed for the first time in tobacco fields in Virginia and described in 1927.{{cite journal | vauthors = Fromme FD, Wingard SA, Priode CN | title = Ringspot of Tobacco: an infectious disease of unknown cause. | journal = Phytopathology | date = 1927 | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 321 }} It is an isometric particle{{cite web| vauthors = Antoniw J |url= http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showfig.php?dpvno=309&figno=07 |title=Show DPV Figure |publisher=Dpvweb.net |date= |access-date=2012-11-16}} with a bipartite RNA genome. The virus has a wide host range{{cite journal | vauthors = Price WC | title = Comparative host ranges of six plant viruses. | journal = American Journal of Botany | date = July 1940 | volume = 27 | issue = 7 | pages = 530–41 | doi = 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1940.tb14714.x }} that includes field grown crops, ornamentals and weeds. Its name comes from its most common symptom being chlorotic ringspots on the leaves of infected plants.{{cite web|url=http://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/1402031.jpg|title=Photography of infected leaves|publisher=Invasive.org|access-date=2012-11-16}} In some areas this virus has caused growers to stop growing affected crops.{{cite web | vauthors = Babadoost M |title = Report on Plant Disease 926: Mosaic Diseases of Cucurbits |url= https://ipm.illinois.edu/diseases/rpds/926.pdf | work = Department of Crop Sciences |publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign |date = November 1999}}

A. B. Image:Tobacco_ringspot_virus.jpg C. Image:Nepo5b.jpg

Symptoms and virus inclusions of Tobacco ringspot nepovirus in the host Zamia furfuracea, the Cardboard Cycad.{{cite journal | vauthors = Baker CA, Adkins S | title = Tobacco ringspot virus Found in the Cardboard Cycad (Zamia furfuracea) in Florida | journal = Plant Disease | volume = 91 | issue = 1 | pages = 112 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 30781085 | doi = 10.1094/PD-91-0112B | doi-access = }}

A. The first symptoms seen were chlorotic ringspots. With time they become necrotic. B. There are two types of inclusions found in leaf strips stained with Azure A (nucleic acid stain),{{cite book | vauthors = Christie RG, Edwardson JR | chapter = Light and electron microscopy of plant virus inclusions. | title = Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. | date = 1977 | volume = 9 }} one is vacuolate (Vac Inc) and the other more crystalloid (Cyst Inc - darker spots). C. Vacuolate inclusions only.