Tobe Hooper
{{Short description|American filmmaker (1943–2017)}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tobe Hooper
| image = Massacre à la tronçonneuse 40eme anniversaire Grand Rex 23 septembre 2014 - 25 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Hooper in 2014
| birth_name = Willard Tobe Hooper{{cite web |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VDP9-QW4?from=lynx1UIV8&treeref=G89N-BND |title=Texas Birth Index, 1903-1997 |publisher=Familysearch.org |access-date=August 4, 2021 }}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1943|01|25}}
| birth_place = Austin, Texas, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|08|26|1943|01|25}}
| death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|screenwriter| producer}}
| years_active = 1964–2017
| spouse = Maev Margaret Noonan
(m. 1961; div. 1969)
{{marriage|Carin Berger|1983|1990|reason=divorced}}
{{marriage|Rita Marie Bartlett|2008|2010|reason=divorced}}
| children = 1
| notable_works = {{hlist|The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)|Poltergeist (1982)}}}}
Willard Tobe Hooper ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|oʊ|b||i}};{{cite web |title=Say How? |url=https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/efgh/#h |website=National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=7 September 2018}} January 25, 1943 – August 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker, best known for his work in the horror genre. The British Film Institute cited Hooper as one of the most influential horror filmmakers of all time.{{cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/comment/obituaries/tobe-hooper-texan-horror-genius|work=British Film Institute|title=Tobe Hooper obituary: Texan horror genius who ushered in a grisly new era|date=September 6, 2017|last=Pinkerton|first=Nick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202170444/http://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/sight-sound-magazine/comment/obituaries/tobe-hooper-texan-horror-genius|archive-date=February 2, 2019|url-status=live}}
Born in Austin, Texas, Hooper's feature film debut was the independent Eggshells (1969), which he co-wrote with Kim Henkel. The two reunited to co-write The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), which Hooper also directed. The film went on to become a classic of the genre, and was described in 2010 by The Guardian as "one of the most influential films ever made."{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/22/texas-chainsaw-massare-hooper-horror|work=The Guardian|date=October 22, 2010|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: No 14 best horror film of all time|last=Heritage|first=Stuart|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807063407/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/22/texas-chainsaw-massare-hooper-horror|archive-date=August 7, 2018|url-status=live}} Hooper subsequently directed the horror film Eaten Alive (1976), followed by the 1979 miniseries Salem's Lot, an adaptation of the novel by Stephen King. Following this, Hooper signed on to direct The Funhouse (1981), a major studio slasher film distributed by Universal Pictures. The following year, he directed the supernatural horror Poltergeist, produced by Steven Spielberg.
In the mid-1980s, Hooper directed two science fiction horror films: Lifeforce (1985) and Invaders from Mars (1986), followed by The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986), a big-budget sequel to his original film. The 1990s saw Hooper directing various horror and sci-fi projects, including Spontaneous Combustion (1990), which he also co-wrote; the television anthology film Body Bags (1993); and The Mangler (1995), another adaptation of a Stephen King story.
Hooper directed several projects throughout the 2000s, including the monster film Crocodile (2000), an episode of the sci-fi miniseries Taken (2002), and two episodes of Masters of Horror (2005–2006).
Early life
Hooper was born January 25, 1943, in Austin, Texas,{{cite book|title=501 Movie Directors|editor-first=Steven Jay|editor-last=Schneider|publisher=Cassell Illustrated|location=London|year=2007|page=466|isbn=9781844035731|oclc=1347156402}} to Lois Belle (née Crosby) and Norman William Ray Hooper, who owned a theater in San Angelo. The film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre explores hicksploitation themes related to his childhood.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/28/tobe-hooper-obituary|title=Tobe Hooper obituary|last=Gilbey|first=Ryan|date=August 28, 2017|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418145029/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/28/tobe-hooper-obituary|archive-date=April 18, 2019|url-status=live}} He first became interested in filmmaking when he used his father's 8 mm camera at the age of nine. He went to college at the University of Texas, Austin. He was present at the college on August 1, 1966, when Charles Whitman opened fire on random people from the University's clock tower, fatally shooting a police officer that was close by Hooper.{{cite news |last1=Zwilling |first1=Marcia |title=Tobe Hooper's Austin youth shaped 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2017/08/29/commentary-tobe-hooper-s-austin/6720832007/ |work=Austin-American Statesman |date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205084030/https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2017/08/29/commentary-tobe-hooper-s-austin/6720832007/ |archive-date=December 5, 2022}}
Career
Hooper spent the 1960s as a college professor{{Dubious|date=June 2024}} and documentary cameraman.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/27/tobe-hooper-texas-chainsaw-massacre-poltergeist-director-dies-aged-74|title=Tobe Hooper, Texas Chainsaw Massacre director, dies at 74|first=Gwilym|last=Mumford|date=27 August 2017|access-date=28 August 2017|newspaper=The Guardian}} His 1965 short film The Heisters was invited to be entered in the short subject category for an Academy Award, but was not finished in time for the competition that year.{{cite news |last1=Bordelon |first1=Ann |title=Tobe Hooper Riding High With The Heisters |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-austin-american-tobe-hooper/148586335/ |work=The Austin American |date=April 13, 1965 |page=21}} His first feature film, Eggshells (1969), was made for $40,000.
Soon after, Hooper leapt to fame with The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974). He combined elements from a story he wrote about isolation and darkness with the inspiration of graphic news coverage of violence, with his belief that people were the true monsters being a key element for the film. Along with Kim Henkel, they co-wrote a screenplay that had elements based on the murders of Ed Gein and Elmer Wayne Henley while forming a company named Vortex, Inc. They produced the film alongside Jay Parsley and Richard Saenz. The low budget (roughly less than $140,000) meant that the film was shot seven days a week, having shooting times up to 16 hours a day, dealing with brutally hot temperatures, high humidity and limited special effects.{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/06/13/the-intolerably-putrid-making-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|work=New York Post|title=The 'intolerably putrid' making of 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre'|date=June 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618041026/https://nypost.com/2019/06/13/the-intolerably-putrid-making-of-the-texas-chain-saw-massacre/|archive-date=June 18, 2019|url-status=live|author=Getlen, Larry}} Hooper had to deal with the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) with the rating; he had hoped the limited amount of gore seen in the film would give it a PG, but the original print was given an X rating. After some cuts, it was given an R rating. The film was cited as one of the scariest films of all time, with film critic Roger Ebert, despite awarding it only two out of four stars, describing it as a "weird, off-the-wall achievement."{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-texas-chain-saw-massacre-1974|title=The Texas Chainsaw Massacre Movie Review (1974) - Roger Ebert|first=Roger|last=Ebert|website=Rogerebert.com|access-date=20 April 2019}} It was also a huge commercial success, making $30 million in the United States and Canada, while being one of the highest grossing independent films of the 1970s.
Hooper's next film was Eaten Alive (1976), co-written by Henkel and producers Alvin L. Fast and Mardi Rustam. As with Massacre, the film was inspired by serial killings, this time the murderer Joe Ball, who killed at least two people in the 1930s and whose crimes led to his nicknames of 'The Alligator Man' and 'The Butcher of Elmendorf'. The movie was filmed on sound-stages in California. Hooper provided the music alongside Wayne Bell - but walked off the production before shooting completed.{{cite book|last1=Muir|first1=John Kenneth|title=Eaten Alive at a Chainsaw Massacre: The Films of Tobe Hooper|date=2002|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9781476613352|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DngwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|access-date=21 May 2017|language=en}}
Hooper had his biggest budget yet with the television mini-series of Salem's Lot (1979), filmed on a budget of $4 million for CBS while being released theatrically in some countries. It was a screening of Massacre that led producer Richard Kobritz to hire Hooper as director. He shot the film from July to August 1979, although the film differed from the source material (particularly with the violence and graphic scenes) in order to meet broadcast standards. He described it as 'very spooky - it suggests things and always has the overtone of the grave. It affects you differently than my other horror films. It's more soft-shelled...it has atmosphere which creates something you cannot escape - the reminder that our time is limited and all the accoutrements that go with it, such as the visuals.' Hooper then went on to make The Funhouse (1981) about teenagers who are stalked by a killer in a carnival fun-house.
In 1982, Hooper made Poltergeist, based on a story by Steven Spielberg.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=EE05E7DF173BE573BC4C53DFB0668389699EDE|title=Movie Review – Poltergeist (1982)|work=The New York Times|first=Vincent|last=Canby|date=June 4, 1982}} Hooper was selected by Spielberg to direct based on his prior work, Spielberg having co-written the screenplay and co-produced the film. It was Hooper who collaborated with Spielberg to make it more of a ghost story than the original science-fiction-based treatment had been, as it had originally been conceived as a sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
Cannon Films approached Hooper with the offer of a three-picture deal. He made Lifeforce (1985), Invaders from Mars (1986) and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986).{{cite web|url=http://twitchfilm.com/2014/03/sxsw-2014-interview-texas-chainsaw-massacre-director-tobe-hooper-talks-his-legacy-of-unspeakable-hor.html|title=SXSW 2014 Interview: THE TEXAS CHAIN SAW MASSACRE Director Tobe Hooper Talks His Legacy of Unspeakable Horror|work=Twitch Film|first=Zach|last=Gayne|date=March 18, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710023432/http://twitchfilm.com/2014/03/sxsw-2014-interview-texas-chainsaw-massacre-director-tobe-hooper-talks-his-legacy-of-unspeakable-hor.html|archive-date=July 10, 2015}} Hooper also began working steadily in television.
Hooper's later works included Spontaneous Combustion (1990); the television movie I'm Dangerous Tonight (1990); and Night Terrors (1993). He directed an installment of the made-for-television feature Body Bags (1993). His works also include The Mangler (1995), The Apartment Complex (1999), Crocodile (2000), Toolbox Murders (2004), and Mortuary (2005).
Hooper was asked to contribute to the series Masters of Horror; he responded by directing "Dance of the Dead" (2005){{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0643102/|title=Dance of the Dead|access-date=20 April 2019|website=IMDb.com|date=11 November 2005}} with Robert Englund in the first season, and "The Damned Thing"{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0805419/|title=The Damned Thing|access-date=20 April 2019|website=IMDb.com|date=27 October 2006}} in the second season.{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0448190/|title=Masters of Horror|access-date=20 April 2019|website=IMDb.com|date=28 October 2005}}
In 2010, writer and actor Mark Gatiss interviewed Hooper for the third episode of his BBC documentary series A History of Horror.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00vcwm7|title=A History of Horror with Mark Gatiss – Q&A with Mark Gatiss|access-date=November 12, 2010|publisher=BBC}}
Hooper's first novel, Midnight Movie, was published on Three Rivers Press in 2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/house/2011/04/the-formulaic-shock-and-awe-of-tobe-hoopers-midnight-movie|title=The Formulaic Shock and Awe of Tobe Hooper's Midnight Movie|work=Slant Magazine|first=Chuck|last=Bowen|date=August 4, 2011}}
His supernatural thriller film Djinn premiered at the 2013 Abu Dhabi Film Festival.{{cite web|url=http://www.screendaily.com/reviews/the-latest/djinn/5062919.article|title=Djinn – Reviews – Screen|work=Screen International|first=Mark|last=Adams|date=October 25, 2013}}
Personal life
Hooper was married three times. He married his first wife, Maev Margaret Noonan, in 1961. They divorced in 1969,{{cite news |title=126th District Court |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-austin-american-divorce-granted/148585566/ |work=The Austin American |date=August 1, 1969 |page=A12}} producing one son, William Tony Hooper, who was born in 1964. In the Fall of 1979 issue of Cinefantastique magazine, Hooper declared "I'm divorced. I was married very young and been divorced about eight years." At the time of the interview, his son lived with him in Los Angeles.{{cite journal |last=Kelley |first=Bill |date=Fall 1979 |title=Salem's Lot: Filming Horror for Television |journal=Cinefantastique |volume=9 |issue=2 |page=14 |publisher=Frederick S. Clarke}}
Hooper married again in 1983 to Carin Berger (daughter of actor William Berger), but they divorced in 1990. He later married Rita Marie Bartlett in 2008, but they divorced in 2010.
Death
Hooper died of natural causes in Sherman Oaks neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on August 26, 2017, at the age of 74.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/27/movies/tobe-hooper-texas-chainsaw-massacre.html?mcubz=3 |title=Tobe Hooper, Director of 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre,' Dies at 74 |first=Neil |last=Genzlinger |author-link=Neil Genzlinger |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 27, 2017}}{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/tobe-hooper-dead-dies-texas-chain-saw-massacre-poltergeist-director-dies-1202539868/|title=Tobe Hooper, 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' and 'Poltergeist' Director, Dies at 74|last=Saperstein|first=Pat|date=2017-08-27|work=Variety|access-date=2017-08-30|language=en-US}} A few months prior to his death, Hooper claimed his much younger girlfriend beat him and provided images of injuries to his face. {{cite news |url=https://www.tmz.com/2017/06/01/texas-chain-saw-massacre-director-tobe-hooper-ex-attack-restraining-order/ |title= 'The Texas Chain Saw Massacre' Director's Face Allegedly Bashed By Ex-GF 38 Years Younger |newspaper=TMZ |date=June 1, 2017}}
Legacy
Filmmakers who have been influenced by Hooper include Hideo Nakata,Bradshaw, Peter (October 30, 2008). [https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/oct/31/ring "Ring"]. The Guardian. Wes Craven,Burton, Felicity (August 7, 2015 ). [http://www.screamhorrormag.com/the-hills-have-eyes-1977-film-review/ "THE HILLS HAVE EYES (1977): Film Review"]. Scream. Rob Zombie,Eggstern, Chris (October 30, 2015). [http://www.hitfix.com/the-dartboard/rob-zombie-gave-us-his-top-10-horror-movies-and-theres-one-surprising-omission "Rob Zombie gave us his Top 10 horror movies – and there's one surprising omission"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109134819/http://www.hitfix.com/the-dartboard/rob-zombie-gave-us-his-top-10-horror-movies-and-theres-one-surprising-omission |date=2016-11-09 }}. HitFix. Alexandre Aja,Sélavy, Virginie (May 1, 2008). [http://www.electricsheepmagazine.co.uk/features/2008/05/01/interview-with-xavier-mendik/ "INTERVIEW WITH XAVIER MENDIK"]. Electric Sheep. Jack Thomas Smith,Wien, Gary (October 19, 2014). [http://www.newjerseystage.com/articles/getarticle.php?ID=4077 "Infliction: An Interview With Jack Thomas Smith"]. Jason L Koerner, "100 Acres of Hell". New Jersey Stage. Kiyoshi Kurosawa{{Cite web |last=Mahmoudian |first=Eléonore |date=October 9, 2014 |title=IFF Entrevues Belfort 2014 - A certain genre: Double Feature Kiyoshi Kurosawa |url=https://www.festival-entrevues.com/sites/default/files/images/archives/interview_kurosawa_hd.pdf }} and Nicolas Winding Refn.{{cite web |last=Foundas |first=Scott |title=Anger Management |url=http://www.dga.org/Craft/DGAQ/All-Articles/1203-Summer-2012/Independent-Voice-Nicolas-Winding-Refn.aspx |work=DGA Quarterly |access-date=August 22, 2012 |date=Summer 2012}} Ridley Scott said that his work on Alien was influenced more by Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre than any other genre film.Anderson, Martin (March 30, 2012). [http://www.shadowlocked.com/201203302484/opinion-features/the-russian-heritage-for-ridley-scotts-prometheus.html "The Russian heritage for Ridley Scott's Prometheus?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305212045/http://www.shadowlocked.com/201203302484/opinion-features/the-russian-heritage-for-ridley-scotts-prometheus.html |date=2016-03-05 }}. Shadowlocked.
Filmography
=Film=
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;" |
| scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Director ! scope="col" | Writer ! scope="col" | Composer ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |
|---|
| scope="row" | 1969
| {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Also editor and cinematographer | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/27/tobe-hooper-texas-chainsaw-massacre-poltergeist-director-dies-aged-74|title=Tobe Hooper, Texas Chainsaw Massacre director, dies at 74|date=August 27, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=August 28, 2017}} |
| scope="row"| 1970
| Peter Paul and Mary: The Song Is Love | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | Documentary film, also editor and cinematographer | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite news|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/1999-12-03/74947/|title=No Ordinary Folk|last=Lewis|first=Anne|date=December 3, 1999|newspaper=Austin Chronicle|access-date=August 28, 2017}} |
| scope="row"| 1974
| data-sort-value="Texas Chainsaw Massacre"| The Texas Chain Saw Massacre | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | Also producer |
| scope="row"| 1976
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tobe-hooper-director-of-texas-chain-saw-massacre-dies-at-74/|title=Tobe Hooper, director of Texas Chain Saw Massacre, dead at 74|date=August 28, 2017|publisher=CBS News|access-date=August 28, 2017}} |
| scope="row"| 1981
| data-sort-value="Funhouse"| The Funhouse | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite news|title=Picks and Pans Review: The Funhouse|work=People|date=April 27, 1981|author=People Staff|url=https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-the-funhouse-vol-15-no-16/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035636/https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-the-funhouse-vol-15-no-16/|archive-date=July 4, 2018|url-status=live}} |
| scope="row"| 1982
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 1985
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row" rowspan=2| 1986
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| data-sort-value="Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2"| The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{yes}} | Also actor |
| scope="row"| 1990
| {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=http://www.cgmagonline.com/2017/08/28/remembering-tobe-hooper-texas-chainsaw-master/|title=Remembering Tobe Hooper, The Texas Chainsaw Master|last=Brown|first=Phil|date=August 28, 2017|website=Cgmagonline.com|access-date=August 28, 2017}} |
| scope="row"| 1993
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 1995
| data-sort-value="Mangler"| The Mangler | {{yes}} | {{yes}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 2000
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 2004
| {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 2005
| Mortuary | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
| scope="row"| 2013
| Djinn | {{yes}} | {{no}} | {{no}} | |
Producer
- The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), co-producer
- The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006)
Executive producer
- Texas Chainsaw 3D (2013)
- Leatherface (2017)
=Television=
TV series
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" |
| scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Notes ! scope="col" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |
|---|
| scope="row" | 1979
| Miniseries |
| scope="row" rowspan=2| 1987
| Episode: "Miss Stardust" | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=https://www.nbc.com/amazing-stories|title=Amazing Stories|website=NBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929024106/http://www.nbc.com/amazing-stories|archive-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=live}} |
| The Equalizer
| Episode: "No Place Like Home" | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/balder-and-dash/tobe-hooper-1943-2017|title=Tobe Hooper: 1943–2017|last=Sobczynski|first=Peter|date=August 27, 2017|website=RogerEbert.com|access-date=August 28, 2017}} |
| scope="row"| 1988
| Episode: "No More Mr. Nice Guy" | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/tobe-hooper-57289662/ |title=Tobe Hooper Filmography|website=Hollywood.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231023016/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrities/tobe-hooper-57289662/|archive-date=December 31, 2015}} |
| scope="row" rowspan=2| 1991
| Haunted Lives: True Ghost Stories | Episode: "Ghosts R Us/Legend of Kate Morgan/School Spirit" |
| Tales from the Crypt
| Episode: "Dead Wait" |
| scope="row"| 1995
| Episode: "Turnabout" / "Absolute Zero"' |
| scope="row" rowspan=2| 1997
| Episode: "The Awakening" |
| Perversions of Science
| Episode: "Panic" |
| scope="row"| 2000
| Episode: "Souls on Board" |
| scope="row" rowspan=2| 2002
| Episode: "Cargo" / "The Maze" |
| Taken
| Episode: "Beyond the Sky" |
| scope="row"| 2005–2006
| Episodes: "Dance of the Dead" and "The Damned Thing" |
TV movies
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" |
| scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Notes ! scope="col" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |
|---|
| scope="row"| 1990
| |
| scope="row"| 1993
| Co-directed with John Carpenter, and Tom Arnold, also actor |
| scope="row"| 1999
| data-sort-value="Apartment Complex"| The Apartment Complex | | style="text-align:center;"|{{cite web|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/4463113/tobe-hooper-dead-texas-chain-saw-massacre-and-poltergeist-director-dies-at-74/|title=Tobe Hooper Dead: 'Texas Chain Saw Massacre' And 'Poltergeist' Director Dies At 74|last=Rios|first=Taylor|date=August 27, 2017|work=Inquisitr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225302/http://www.inquisitr.com/4463113/tobe-hooper-dead-texas-chain-saw-massacre-and-poltergeist-director-dies-at-74/|archive-date=August 28, 2017|url-status=dead}} |
=Music videos=
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0;" |
| scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Track ! scope="col" | Artist ! scope="col" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |
|---|
| scope="row" | 1983 |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|first1=Tobe|last1=Hooper|first2=Alan|last2=Goldsher|author-link2=Alan Goldsher|title=Midnight Movie: A Novel|publisher=Three Rivers Press|year=2011|isbn=9780307717016|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/midnightmovienov00hoop}}
External links
- {{IMDb name|1361}}
{{Tobe Hooper}}
{{The Texas Chainsaw Massacre}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hooper, Tobe}}
Category:20th-century American male writers
Category:20th-century American screenwriters
Category:21st-century American male writers
Category:21st-century American screenwriters
Category:American male screenwriters
Category:American television directors
Category:Film directors from Texas
Category:Film producers from Texas
Category:American horror film directors
Category:American science fiction film directors
Category:Postmodernist filmmakers