Tolumnia (plant)

The genus is primarily native to the Greater Antilles, with a few species extending into Florida, the Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America and northern South America (from Colombia to French Guiana).[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=206947 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]

File:Tolumnia gauntlettii Orchi 001.jpg]]

The plants are small, usually epiphytic, with small or absent pseudobulbs completely covered by leaves, which are triangular or circular in cross section and overlap each other at base to resemble a fan.

The inflorescences arise between the leaf base and bear colorful, showy flowers. The labella are large, ornamented by variously shaped calli. The column bears prominent wings flanking the stigma.

File:Tolumnia sylvestris (16442429175).jpg]]

File:Tolumnia variegata Orchi 009.jpg]]

Species in the genus are pollinated by oil-collecting bees of the genus Centris. Instead of producing oils as a reward for their pollinators, Tolumnia species instead mimic the oil-producing flowers of Malpighiaceae species. Flowers are self-incompatible. Fragrance strength can vary greatly even within a species.{{Cite journal |last=Sauleda |first=Ruben P. |date=July 19, 2014 |title=Pollination Biology and Taxonomy of the Genera Tolumnia Raf. and Oncidium Sw. (Orchidaceae) in South Florida: Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash ex Britton & Millspaugh) Braem, Oncidium floridanum Ames, Oncidium undulatum (Sw.) Salisb. (Lophiaris maculata (Aubl.) Ackerman) |url=https://rsauleda.tripod.com/pollinationoncidium.pdf |journal=New World Orchidaceae – Nomenclatural Notes |issue=13}}{{Cite journal |last1=Vale |first1=áNgel |last2=Navarro |first2=Luis |last3=Rojas |first3=Danny |last4=áLvarez |first4=Julio C. |date=May 2011 |title=Breeding system and pollination by mimicry of the orchid Tolumnia guibertiana in Western Cuba |url=https://esj-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00322.x |journal=Plant Species Biology |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=163–173 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00322.x |issn=0913-557X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Ackerman |first1=James D. |last2=Meléndez-Ackerman |first2=Elvia J. |last3=Salguero-Faria |first3=José |date=October 1997 |title=Variation in pollinator abundance and selection on fragrance phenotypes in an epiphytic orchid |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/2446136 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=1383–1390 |doi=10.2307/2446136 |jstor=2446136 |pmid=21708546 |issn=0002-9122}}

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1. Tolumnia arizajuliana (Withner & J.Jiménez Alm.) Ackerman, 1997
2. Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash) Braem, 1986
3. Tolumnia calochila (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
4. Tolumnia compressicaulis (Withner) Braem, 1986
5. Tolumnia gauntlettii (Withner & Jesup) Nir, 1994
6. Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986
7. Tolumnia guibertiana (A.Rich.) Braem, 1986
8. Tolumnia gundlachii (C.Wright ex Griseb.) N.H.Williams & Ackerman, 2007
9. Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994
10. Tolumnia haitiensis (Leonard & Ames) Braem, 1986
11. Tolumnia hawkesiana (Moir) Braem, 1986
12. Tolumnia henekenii (Schomburgk ex Lindl.) Nir, 1994
13. Tolumnia leiboldi (Rchb. f.) Braem, 1986
14. Tolumnia lucayana (Nash) Braem, 1986
15. Tolumnia pulchella (Hook.) Rafinesque, 1837
16. Tolumnia quadriloba (Schweinf.) Braem, 1986
17. Tolumnia scandens (Moir) Braem, 1986
18. Tolumnia sylvestris (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
19. Tolumnia triquetra (Sw.) Nir, 1994
20. Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 1986
21. Tolumnia urophylla (Loddiges ex Lindl.) Braem, 1986
22. Tolumnia usneoides (Lindl.) Braem, 1986
23. Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986
24. Tolumnia velutina (Lindl. & Paxton) Braem, 1986

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1. Tolumnia acunae (M. A. Diaz) Nir, 2000 (synonym of: Tolumnia tuerckheimii (Cogn.) Braem, 198)
2. Tolumnia borinquensis Sauleda & Ragan, 1996 (synonym of: Tolumnia variegata (Sw.) Braem, 1986)
3. Tolumnia caymanensis (Moir) Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia leiboldii (Rchb.f.) Braem, 1986)
4. Tolumnia lemoniana ssp. lemoniana Braem, 1986 (synonym of: Tolumnia guianensis (Aubl.) Braem, 1986)
5. Tolumnia tetrapetala (Jacq.) Braem, 1986 (synonym of Tolumnia guttata (L.) Nir, 1994 )

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: This list is incomplete.File:劍葉文心蘭 Tolumnia Sniffen -香港大埔蘭花展 Taipo Orchid Show, Hong Kong- (9252396179).jpg

Hybrids of Tolumnia with orchids in other genera are placed in the following nothogenera:{{Cite web|url=https://ipni.org/n/30819-1|title = Tolumnia | International Plant Names Index}}

• Aspaleomnia (Alm.) = Tolumnia × Aspasia × Leochilus
• Bramiltumnia (Bmt.) = Tolumnia × Brassia × Miltonia
• Cochlumnia (Ccl.) = Tolumnia × Cochlioda (now Tolumnia × Oncidium = × Oncidumnia)
• Comparumnia (Cmr.) = Tolumnia × Comparettia
• Cuitlumnia (Ctn.) = Tolumnia × Cuitlauzina
• Golumnia (Glm.) = Tolumnia × Gomesa
• Tolucentrum (Tun.) = Tolumnia × Trichocentrum
• Toluglossum (Tgl.) = Tolumnia × Odontoglossum
• Tolumnopsis (Tmp.) = Tolumnia × Miltoniopsis
• Tolutonia (Tut.) = Tolumnia × Miltonia

{{Reflist}}

• Nir, M. Orchidaceae Antillanae, 94–97, 2000.
• [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do;jsessionid=81063EC4A43CE3C9C33762960EE008DA Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew : World Checklist of Monocotyledons]

• {{Commons-inline|Tolumnia|Tolumnia}}
• {{Wikispecies-inline|Tolumnia|Tolumnia}}

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Category:Oncidiinae genera

Category:Flora of the Caribbean

Category:Epiphytic orchids

Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

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