Tom Murphy (Georgia politician)

Murphy was born in Bremen, Georgia, where his father was a telegraph operator for the railroad.{{cite web |url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/tom-murphy-1924-2007 |title=Tom Murphy (1924-2007) |website=New Georgia Encyclopedia |accessdate=June 18, 2018}} Murphy graduated from Bremen High School in 1941 and enrolled in North Georgia College in Dahlonega, Georgia.{{cite web |url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/meta/html/uwg/phc/meta_uwg_phc_murphyt3.html?Welcome |title=Oral history interview with Speaker Tom Murphy, October 14, 1997 |last=Steely |first=Mel |date=February 15, 2014 |website=Digital Library of Georgia |accessdate=June 18, 2018}} During World War II Murphy served in the Navy in the South Pacific. After leaving the Navy Murphy attended the University of Georgia Law School, graduating in 1949. That same year he was elected to the Bremen Board of Education. He was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1960, serving in both positions simultaneously until 1965 when he left the Board of Education.{{cite book |title=Members of the General Assembly of Georgia - Term 1965-1966 |publisher=State of Georgia |url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/cgi-bin/govdimag.cgi?path=dbs/1965/ga/s700/_ps1/g4/1965_h66/sess_p1_sno_p1.con/&user=galileo&sessionid=637f8586-1547653717-5036&serverid=DU&instcode=afpl&return=ggpd%3fuserid%3dgalileo%26dbs%3dggpd%26action%3dretrieve%26recno%3d70%26numrecs%3d100%26__rtype%3drecno%26key%3dy-ga-bs700-b-ps1-bg4-b1965-h66-bsess-p1-sno-p1 |date=February 1965 |accessdate=May 12, 2018 |via=Digital Library of Georgia}}

From 1967 until 1970 Murphy was the House majority leader under Governor Lester Maddox. From 1970 to 1973 he was the Speaker pro tem of the House.

In December 1973, he was elected to the position of Speaker in the House of Representatives following the unexpected death of George L. Smith.{{cite web |title=Georgia Official and Statistical Register, 1973-1974 |url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/statreg-images/pdfs/1973.pdf |publisher=Georgia Department of Archives and History |access-date=February 4, 2022}} He remained Speaker until his general election defeat in 2002. Murphy quickly rose to a position of unsurpassed influence in state government.{{cite news |url=http://onlineathens.com/stories/112900/opi_1129000003.shtml#.V8-dIXhOJG4 |title=Presidential battle harkens back to Georgia's 1966 governor's race |last=Shipp |first=Bill |date=November 28, 2000 |newspaper=Athens Banner-Herald |access-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020112032252/http://onlineathens.com/stories/112900/opi_1129000003.shtml |archive-date=January 12, 2002}} He became so politically powerful during his speakership, that he is largely credited with helping his legislative protégé, Joe Frank Harris, get elected governor in 1982.

During his tenure, Murphy was a key figure in Georgia's economic development and throughout statewide politics; and was considered by many to be the best friend Atlanta ever had in the legislature despite his rural residency and upbringing.

In 2000 political columnist Bill Shipp wrote of Murphy, "In his 26 years as presiding officer of the House, he has become as powerful and important in the General Assembly as the governor."{{cite news |url=http://onlineathens.com/stories/011200/opi_0112000011.shtml#.V82T0XhOJG5 |title=How much longer will the party last for Speaker Tom Murphy? |last=Shipp |first=Bill |date=January 12, 2000 |newspaper=Athens Banner-Herald |access-date=17 June 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918013808/http://onlineathens.com/stories/011200/opi_0112000011.shtml#.WygCMhwnbbg |archive-date=September 18, 2016}} Murphy's brusque manners could be off putting, and often required the more diplomatic intervention of his speaker pro tempore, Jack Connell. U.S. District Judge Dudley Bowen Jr observed that Tom Murphy was a powerhouse, and he was an administration unto himself. And Connell knew how to be nice to people. Connell knew how to work with people.{{cite news|last1=Kirby|first1=Bill|last2=Cooper|first2=Sylvia|date=7 February 2013|title=Former state Rep. Jack Connell of Augusta dies|newspaper=Athens Banner-Herald|url=http://www.onlineathens.com/local-news/2013-02-07/former-state-rep-jack-connell-augusta-dies|access-date=17 August 2018}}

Fiercely partisan, Murphy described himself as a "yellow dog" Democrat, or one who would rather vote for a yellow dog than vote for a Republican.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/20murphy.html |title=Tom B. Murphy, a Longtime Power in Georgia, Dies at 83 |first=Brenda |last=Goodman |date=December 20, 2007 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=June 18, 2018}} U.S. Representative Lynn Westmoreland, who served in the state house from 1993 to 2005–the last four years as minority leader–put it bluntly: "Tom Murphy wasn't fair, he wasn't bipartisan and he didn't light up a room with his smile."{{cite news |url=http://times-georgian.com/view/full_story/3278580/article-Georgia--Carroll--Haralson-remember-Tom-Murphy |title=Georgia, Carroll, Haralson remember Tom Murphy |first=Drew |last=Pierson |date=December 18, 2007 |newspaper=The Times-Georgian |accessdate=February 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130204221026/http://times-georgian.com/view/full_story/3278580/article-Georgia--Carroll--Haralson-remember-Tom-Murphy |archivedate=February 4, 2013 }}

In 1991 and 2001 Murphy presided over the reapportionment process which redrew congressional and legislative lines. The resulting district maps were criticized as pro-Democratic gerrymanders. Murphy acted to redraw the congressional seats of high-profile Republicans Newt Gingrich (1991), and Bob Barr (2001), in what was viewed as typical of his "hardball" application of political power. Gingrich, remarked that "The Speaker, by raising money and gerrymandering, has sincerely dedicated a part of his career to wiping me out."

Murphy frequently skated to reelection, but faced increasingly competitive races from the late 1980s onward as Atlanta's suburbs began bleeding into his district. Indeed, Republican candidates began winning up and down the ballot in the district during this time. In 2000, he faced his closest race yet against Republican Bill Heath.{{cite news |title=Showdown in Haralson: Legendary Speaker Murphy Faces Stiffest Challenge |last=Pruitt |first=Kathey |date=2000 |newspaper=Atlanta Journal-Constitution |page=3D}}{{cite news |title=Taking on Mr. Speaker; A Political Newcomer is Giving Tom Murphy his Toughest Race in Years |last=Chapman |first=Dan |date=2000 |newspaper=Atlanta Journal-Constitution |page=1F }} Murphy only held on by 505 votes, a margin of less than two percentage points.{{cite web |url=http://sos.georgia.gov/elections/election_results/2000_1107/0008900.htm |title=State Representative - District 18 |website=Georgia Election Results, Official Results of the November 7, 2000 General Election |publisher=Georgia Secretary of State |accessdate=June 18, 2018 |archive-date=February 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206222024/http://sos.georgia.gov/elections/election_results/2000_1107/0008900.htm |url-status=dead }}

Gerrymandering ultimately proved to be Murphy's downfall. The contorted districts that resulted from the 2001 remap both confused and angered voters, and is believed to have led to Murphy losing his own seat in 2002 in a rematch against Heath.{{cite web |url=http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/tom-murphy-biography/nJZDQ/ |title=Tom Murphy Biography |date=December 18, 2007 |website=WSB-TV |accessdate=November 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003111/http://www.wsbtv.com/news/news/tom-murphy-biography/nJZDQ/ |archivedate=December 3, 2013 }}

Shortly after the controversial 2001 reapportionment process, and Murphy's own political defeat, political power shifted in favor of the Republicans, who gained control of both chambers of the Legislature, the Governor's office, and the majority of statewide elected offices. A number of Murphy's lieutenants, including Lauren "Bubba" McDonald and Reapportionment committee Chairman Bob Hanner, who was Murphy's point man on efforts to re-draw district lines to favor Democrats, left the Democratic Party and joined with their former political rivals when power shifted to the Republicans.{{cite web|url=http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/cgi/ggpd?userid=public;dbs=ggpd;ini=ggpd.ini;action=retrieve;format=.;grid=;rset=001;recno=30|title=Members Of The General Assembly Of Georgia First Session of 1989-90 Term|publisher=State of Georgia|date=January 1989|accessdate=April 27, 2019}}{{cite web|url=http://www.psc.state.ga.us/pscinfo/bios/mcdonald.asp|title=Lauren "Bubba" McDonald, Chairman|publisher=Georgia Public Service Commission|accessdate=April 28, 2019}}

Murphy married Agnes Bennett in 1946. She died in 1982.{{cite news |title=Former Georgia House speaker dies |url=https://coastalcourier.com/news/state-national/former-georgia-house-speaker-dies/ |access-date=February 4, 2022 |work=Coastal Courier |date=December 18, 2007}} They had four children together.

In May 2004, Murphy's grandson M. Chad Long, a lobbyist, and four others including former State Representative Robin L. Williams and former Atlanta Braves player Rick Camp were indicted on charges that they stole more than $2 million from the Community Mental Health Center of East Central Georgia. In 2005, in U.S. District Court, Williams was convicted on 17 counts related to conspiracy, bribery, theft, health care fraud and money laundering, while the others were convicted on fewer counts. Long was found guilty of conspiracy and health-care fraud. All were sentenced to federal prison terms. Williams was sentenced to 10 years in federal prison, Camp received a sentence of 37 months, and Long received a shorter sentence.{{cite news |url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/050605/met_4082994.shtml |title=Williams is guilty on all 17 charges |last1=Hodson |first1=Sandy |last2=Corwin |first2=Tom |last3=Cooper |first3=Sylvia |date=May 5, 2005 |newspaper=The Augusta Chronicle |accessdate=April 16, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905220946/http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/050605/met_4082994.shtml |archivedate=September 5, 2008}}{{cite news |url=http://www.augustachronicle.com/article/20110925/NEWS/309259936 |title=Trio of convicted Augusta politicians await release from prison |first=Sandy |last=Hodson |date=September 25, 2011 |newspaper=The Augusta Chronicle |accessdate=April 16, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191814/http://www.augustachronicle.com/article/20110925/NEWS/309259936 |archive-date=April 17, 2018}} The group, except Long, appealed their convictions, but in March 2007 the appeal was turned down. A three-judge panel of the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said in an unsigned decision that it found no merit to any of the arguments.{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/wire/_/section/mlb/id/2797428 |title=Rick Camp loses appeal |date=March 13, 2007 |agency=Associated Press |website=ESPN |accessdate=April 16, 2018}}

Murphy suffered a stroke in 2004, which left him incapacitated. He died at 10:00 p.m. on December 17, 2007, in Bremen after years of declining health. To honor his service to Georgia, Murphy lay in state at the Georgia State Capitol on December 21, 2007—first within the House chambers and then in the Capitol Rotunda.

When Murphy died, Georgia Republican U. S. Senator Johnny Isakson said, "Tom Murphy was a giant in Georgia politics, and his legacy is everywhere. Without Tom Murphy there would be no World Congress Center, or Georgia Dome or MARTA." Isakson went on to say, "As tough as he was on the outside, he had a soft spot in his heart for children, the poor and the sick. He was a product of the Depression and it left a lasting impression on him. In many a speech Speaker Murphy would reflect on the days of his youth and would vow never to let a Georgia child face the conditions he did."{{cite web|date=December 18, 2007|title=Isakson Statement on the Passing of Former Georgia House Speaker Tom Murphy|url=http://www.isakson.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/news-releases?ID=2ffc864b-1ee4-4acc-9404-ba9e0ab8c480|access-date=17 June 2018|website=Johnny Isakson}}

{{Portal|Biography|Georgia (U.S. State)}}

• List of speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives

{{reflist}}

• {{cite web |url=http://uwg.galileo.usg.edu/uwg/view?docId=ead/POL-0002-ead.xml;query=;brand=default |title=Thomas B. Murphy papers |website=University of West Georgia}}

{{s-start}}

{{s-par|us-ga-hs}}

{{s-bef|before=Harold Lloyd Murphy}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the Haralson County district|years=1961–1966}}

{{s-aft|after=Constituency abolished}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Constituency established}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 26th district|years=1966–1969}}

{{s-aft|after=Ben B. Ross}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Harry Magoon}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 19th district, Post 1|years=1969–1973}}

{{s-aft|after=Joe Mack Wilson}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Jack Adrian Wheeler, Sr.}}

{{s-ttl|title=Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 18th district|years=1973–2003}}

{{s-aft|after=Bill Heath}}

|-

{{s-off|us}}

{{s-bef|before=George L. Smith}}

{{s-ttl|title=Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives|years=1973–2003}}

{{s-aft|after=Terry Coleman}}

{{s-end}}

{{Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murphy, Tom}}

Category:1924 births

Category:2007 deaths

Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II

Category:Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers

Category:University of Georgia alumni

Category:Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)

Category:United States Navy sailors

Category:People from Bremen, Georgia

Category:20th-century members of the Georgia General Assembly

Category:21st-century members of the Georgia General Assembly

Category:Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives

Category:Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives

Category:20th-century American lawyers