Tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai

File:Rashbi.jpg

Jacob ben Netanel haKohen's 13th-century travelogue is the first document to place Shimon bar Yochai and his son's tombs in Meron.{{cite book |last1=יערי |first1=אברהם |title=מסעות ארץ ישראל |page=58 |url=https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=36832&st=&pgnum=57 |language=Hebrew}} Abraham ben Mordecai Galante (16th century) is said to have built a mausoleum over the tomb.{{cite book |last1=Franco |first1=M. |last2=Kohler |first2=Kaufmann |last3=Broydé |first3=Isaac |last4=Deutsch |first4=Gotthard |title=Galante |url=https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/6467-galante |publisher=Jewish Encyclopedia |access-date=2 May 2021}} According to historian Elhanan Reiner, the tomb was managed by Musta'arabi Jews even before the expulsion from Spain and establishment of the Spanish Jewish community in Israel in the 16th century.{{cite news |last1=אשכנזי |first1=אלי |title=ההיסטוריון אלחנן ריינר : לא תיתכן בעלות ספרדית או אשכנזית על קבר בר יוחאי |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/science/1.1210018 |access-date=2 May 2021 |publisher=Ha'aretz |date=2 July 2010 |language=Hebrew}}

At the beginning of the 19th century, the area was purchased by Shmuel Abu, the French consular agent in Safed who had immigrated from Algeria in 1817. Shmuel Abu built the tomb building which now stands on the site.{{cite book|last=Gonen|first=Rivka|title=To the Tombs of the Righteous: Pilgrimage in Contemporary Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3QoAAAAYAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Israel Museum|isbn=978-965-278-236-6|chapter=Reclaiming the Site of bar Yohai’s Tomb and Construction of the Building}}{{cite book |last1=Tidhar |first1=David |title=Entsiklopedyah le-halutse ha-yishuv u-vonav (Vol. 1) |page=310 |url=http://www.tidhar.tourolib.org/tidhar/view/1/310 |access-date=2 May 2021 |language=Hebrew}} The tomb building was described in the late-19th-century PEF Survey of Palestine as "apparently a modern building."[https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft/page/253/ PEF Survey of Palestine], Vol 1, p.253: "There are also the traditional tombs of Rabbi Shammai and of Rabbi Simeon Ben Jochai ; the latter is much venerated, and pilgrimages are made to the tomb, which is apparently a modern building." In 1956, Yosef Shenberger won a competition to renovate the building.{{cite news |last= |first= |date=10 March 1957 |title= מי הם העוסקים ב'הריסת' מקומות קדושים|trans-title=Who Are The Ones Involved In The 'Destruction' of Holy Places|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/hzh/1957/03/10/01/article/28?&dliv=none&e=-------he-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI--------------1|language= |work=HaTzofe |location= |access-date=22 May 2022}}{{cite news |last= |first= |date=6 June 1957|title= מה עשה משרד הדתות לשיפור המקום במירון|trans-title=What Did The Ministry of Religion Do To Improve The Area of Meron?|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/newspapers/hzh/1957/06/06/01/article/33?&dliv=none&e=-------he-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI--------------1|language=he|work=HaTzofe |location= |access-date=22 May 2022}}

The large tomb structure has recognizable light blue domes{{cite web |title=Tomb of the Rashbi |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/israel/mt-meron/attractions/tomb-of-the-rashbi/a/poi-sig/1445240/1332032 |website=Lonely Planet |access-date=2 May 2021}} and includes several rooms. In the large room in the southern corner is a tombstone marking the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai. In the center of the room is another tombstone marking the tomb of Rabbi Eleazar, the son of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai.

Ownership of the site is contested between rival Sephardic and Ashkenazic trusts, both of whom claim full ownership of the entire area citing hundreds of years’ precedent. Appeals to the courts have failed to settle the issue and the feud has allowed very little development to take place resulting in substandard facilities and safety concerns, the structure surrounding the tomb having become old and neglected. Millions of dollars in funding for redevelopment and refurbishment of the location were bequeathed by philanthropist Edmond Safra, but the quarreling between the parties is holding up release of the funds.Nathan Jeffay. (May 15, 2008). [https://forward.com/news/13391/at-grave-of-famed-rabbi-feuding-trustees-find-lit-01859/ At Grave of Famed Rabbi, Feuding Trustees Find Little Common Ground], Forward. An attempt by the state to take control over the site in 2011 to address health and safety concerns{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/science/1.1576897|title=הממשלה החליטה להלאים את קבר הרשב"י|website=Haaretz|date=27 November 2011| access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502053613/https://www.haaretz.co.il/science/1.1576897|url-status=live}} was met with anger by the private endowments operating the site and a court-approved settlement in 2020 ruled that control would remain with the owners.{{cite web|url=https://www.nadlancenter.co.il/article/2317|title=המהלך להפקעת מתחם קבר הרשבי במירון נעצר; במקומו – הסדר ל-3 שנים|website=www.nadlancenter.co.il|date=19 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502053537/https://www.nadlancenter.co.il/article/2317|url-status=live}}

{{main|Hillula of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai}}

According to a modern Kabbalistic tradition, a pilgrimage is made to the tomb on Lag baOmer to mark either the Hillula of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai or the anniversary of his death.{{cite book| title=The Customs of the Land of Israel (מנהגי ארץ-ישראל)|last=Gelis |first=Jacob |publisher=Mossad Harav Kook |location=Jerusalem |date=1968 |page=139 (yod-gimel) |oclc=873519965}} The highlight of the event is the lighting of a bonfire at night on the roof of the tomb, after which joyous dancing begins. Various government bodies invest considerable sums of money and manpower resources to maintain order and ensure the flow of traffic to the site.

In 1949, Moshe-Zvi Neria organized a mass pilgrimage to the tomb following the Israeli victory in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. This became the basis for an annual pilgrimage on 7 Adar, in addition to Lag BaOmer.{{cite web |title=ניגון הדבקות של חטיבה 7 / זאב אלק |url=https://musaf-shabbat.com/2011/02/06/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%94%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A9%D7%9C-%D7%97%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94-7-%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91-%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A7/ |website=מוסף שבת |date=6 February 2011 |access-date=2 May 2021}}

At the tomb of Rabbi Shimon, the honour of lighting the main bonfire traditionally goes to the Boyaner rebbes. This privilege was purchased by Avrohom Yaakov Friedman, the first Sadigura rebbe, from the Sephardi guardians of Meron and Safed. The Sadigura Rebbe bequeathed this honor to his eldest son, Yitzchok Friedman, the first Boyaner rebbe, and his progeny.{{cite book |last=Rossoff |first=Dovid |script-title=he:קדושים אשר בארץ: קברי צדיקים בירושלים ובני ברק |trans-title=The Holy Ones in the Earth: Graves of Tzaddikim in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak |language=he |year=2005 |pages=315–316|publisher=Machon Otzar HaTorah |location=Jerusalem}} The first hadlaka (lighting) is attended by hundreds of thousands of people annually; in 2001, the crowd was estimated at 300,000.{{cite book |title=The House of Rizhin: Chassidus and the Rizhiner Dynasty |last=Brayer |first=Rabbi Menachem |year=2003 |publisher=Mesorah Publications |isbn=1-57819-794-5|page=435}}

File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - First Haircut.jpg on a three-year-old boy in Meron on Lag Baomer 5730 (1970 CE).]]

A custom dating from the time of Isaac Luria holds that boys be given their upsherin "first haircuts" on Lag baOmer, and today this generally means the Lag baOmer after their third birthday. A large event for this purpose is held at Meron today, and similar celebrations are simultaneously held in Jerusalem at the grave of Simeon the Just for Jerusalemites.{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishmag.com/10mag/israel/israel.htm |title=Meron on Lag B'Omer |last=Rossoff |first=Dovid |access-date=April 28, 2010 |publisher=The Jewish Magazine}}

Another custom at the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai is the giving of Ḥai Rotel ({{langx|he|ח״י רוטל}}). The Hebrew letters Heth and yodh are the gematria (numerical equivalent) of 18. Rotel is a liquid measure of about 3 litres. Thus, 18 rotels equals 54 litres or about 13 gallons. It is popularly believed that if one donates or offers 18 rotels of liquid refreshment (grape juice, wine, soda or even water) to those attending the celebrations at bar Yochai's tomb on Lag BaOmer, then the giver will be granted miraculous salvation.{{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:WnlBzF-0qXIJ:www.thehalacha.com/attach/Volume3/Issue16.pdf+chai+rotel&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgMsWA0AAfJgnA6sH5vMn6mb8MS_pxkHJeRfJEudDSfJ3_fyNxGHCu3-QJ2ncuEtt2heSqBML-AjWd3C6hKEm3BpA_rl_gbQTOJW-Umv0tCxA7jF1qMR6Lbbt1MBZhu8TOT7Rlb&sig=AHIEtbSdOrq3Cfhmi6D0qb-W1PAXBWYazA |title=Lag BaOmer |last=Lebovits |first=Moishe Dovid |volume=3 |issue= 16 |page=6 |access-date=27 April 2010 |publisher=Halachically Speaking}}

According to the Ta'amei HaMinhagim, many childless couples found success with this segula (propitious practice). The Bobover rebbe, Ben Zion Halberstam, sent a letter from Poland to his followers in Mandatory Palestine asking them to donate chai rotel in Meron on this holy day on behalf of a couple that did not have children.{{cite web|title=Chai Rotel Segulah|url=http://yeshuosrashbi.com/chai-rotel/|work=YeshuosRashbi.com|access-date=14 April 2013}} Several local organizations solicit donations of chai rotel and hand out the drinks on the donor's behalf in Meron on Lag BaOmer. Nine months after Lag BaOmer, the Ohel Rashbi organization even invites couples who prayed at the tomb and had a child to come back to Meron to celebrate the births.{{cite web |url=http://matzav.com/over-500000-expected-in-meron-for-lag-baomer-5769 |title=Over 500,000 Expected in Meron for Lag Ba'omer, 5769 |date=2009-05-11 |access-date=2010-04-28 |publisher=matzav.com}}

On 15 May 1911, eleven people were killed when a crowd of about 10,000 filled the compound and a railing of a nearby balcony collapsed. About 100 people fell from a height of roughly seven metres to the ground below;{{cite news|first=Judy|last=Maltz|date=30 April 2021|title=Why do Orthodox Jews flock to the Mt. Meron tomb of Rabbi Shimon Bar-Yochai?|language=en|work=Haaretz.com|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-why-do-orthodox-jews-flock-to-the-mt-meron-tomb-of-rabbi-shimon-bar-yochai-1.9761175|url-access=subscription|access-date=30 April 2021|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502053550/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-why-do-orthodox-jews-flock-to-the-mt-meron-tomb-of-rabbi-shimon-bar-yochai-1.9761175|url-status=live}} the deaths of seven were determined at the scene and of four others in the days following the incident. There were 40 injured.

{{main|2021 Meron crowd crush}}

On 30 April 2021, at about 00:50 IDT, a deadly crowd crush occurred in Meron during the annual pilgrimage to Mount Meron on the Jewish holiday of Lag BaOmer, at which about 100,000 people were in attendance. Forty-five people were killed, and more than 150 injured, dozens of them critically, making it the deadliest civil disaster in the history of Israel.

File:Detail of Raffalovich-GrabmaldesR.-.jpg|"Tomb of Simeon ben Yochai" / Nearby ruins popularly believed to be his study house.

File:THE "LAG BA'OMER" HOLIDAY NEAR THE TOMB OF RABBI SHIMON BAR YOHAI, ON MOUNT MERON IN THE UPPER GALILEE. חגיגות ל"ג בעומר בקברו של רבי שמעון בר יוחאי ב.jpg|Lag BaOmer, 1939

File:Israel Meron Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai tomb.jpg|Dome above tomb

File:LagBaomerMeron2016-1.jpg|Crowds at the tomb

File:PikiWiki Israel 77389 tomb of rabbi shimon bar yochai.jpg |Aerial view of the complex

File:Rashbi's Tomb covering.jpg|Tomb marker at the burial site of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai

• Lag BaOmer
• 2021 Meron crowd crush

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Category:Tourist attractions in Northern District (Israel)

Category:Jewish pilgrimage sites

Category:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire

Category:Lag BaOmer

Category:Tombs in Israel