Tomka gas test site

{{Short description|Covert joint Soviet-German chemical weapons research facility, operational 1926-1933}}

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1997-060-33A, Gasübungsplatz "Tomka", Deutsches Personal.jpg

Tomka gas test site ({{langx|de|Gas-Testgelände Tomka}}) was a secret chemical weapons testing facility near a place codenamed Volsk-18 (Wolsk, in German literature), 20 km off Volsk, now Shikhany,Note: Shikhany still has a chemical testing ground (Шиханский полигон) Saratov Oblast, Russia created within the framework of German-Soviet military cooperation to circumvent the demilitarization provisions of the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles. It was co-directed by Yakov Moiseevich Fishman (начальник воен­но-химического управления Красной Армии), and German chemists Alexander von Grundherr and Ludwig von Sicherer.Sally W. Stoecker, Forging Stalin's Army: Marshal Tukhachevsky And The Politics Of Military Innovation , Routledge, 2018, {{ISBN|0429980027}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MNJMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT13 pp.137-150][https://www.zeit.de/2006/26/A-Tomka/seite-2 Es riecht nach Senf!], Henning Sietz, Die Zeit, Nr. 26, 2006Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons'', Volume 2 of Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Encyclopedia of Worldwide Policy, Technology, and History, James J. Wirtz, 2005, {{ISBN|1851094903}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlNgS70OHAC&pg=PA257 p. 257], citing N. S. Antonov It operated (according to an agreement undersigned by fictitious joint stock companies) during 1926-1933.Николай Антонов (N.S. ANTONOV), ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОРУЖИЕ НА РУБЕЖЕ ДВУХ СТОЛЕТИЙ (CHEMICAL WEAPONS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY), Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1994, [https://studfiles.net/preview/410183/page:3/ Section Становление исследовательских центров] {{in lang|ru}}

After 1933 the area was used by the Red Army and expanded under the name "Volsk-18" or "Schichany-2" to Russia's most important center for the development of chemical warfare agents and protective measures against NBC weapons.

Another chemical site was established by the settlement of Ukhtomsky, Moscow Region.Note: Now Ukhtomsky is part of Kosino-Ukhtomsky District of Moscow, see :ru:Ухтомская (платформа) for more detail