Tonofibril
{{short description|Protein cytoskeletal component}}
Tonofibrils are cytoplasmic protein structures in epithelial tissues that converge at desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.{{DorlandsDict|eight/000109361|tonofibril}} They consist of fine fibrils in epithelial cells that are anchored to the cytoskeleton. They were discovered by Rudolf Heidenhain, and first described in detail by Louis-Antoine Ranvier in 1897.{{Cite journal|last1=Charles|first1=Arwyn|last2=Smiddy|first2=F. G.|date=1957-09-01|title=The Tonofibrils of the Human Epidermis1|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology|volume=29|issue=5|pages=327–338|doi=10.1038/jid.1957.108|pmid=13502588|issn=0022-202X|doi-access=free}}
Composition
Tonofilaments are keratin intermediate filaments that make up tonofibrils in the epithelial tissue. In epithelial cells, tonofilaments loop through desmosomes. Electron microscopy has advanced now to illustrate the tonofilaments more clearly.
File:Chiton epidermis TEM.jpg depicting tonofilaments, labeled tf, running longitudinally within the dorsal epidermal cells of the girdle of a chiton]]
The protein filaggrin is believed to be synthesized as a giant precursor protein, profilaggrin (>400 kDA in humans). When filaggrin binds to keratin intermediate filaments, the keratin aggregates into macrofibrils.{{Cite journal|title = Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease|journal = J Cell Sci|date = 2009-05-01|issn = 0021-9533|pmc = 2721001|pmid = 19386895|pages = 1285–1294|volume = 122|issue = 9|doi = 10.1242/jcs.033969|first1 = Aileen|last1 = Sandilands|first2 = Calum|last2 = Sutherland|first3 = Alan D.|last3 = Irvine|first4 = W. H. Irwin|last4 = McLean}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/19990430043858/http://zappa.ultrakohl.com/EmOrganelle/organ10.htm Diagram at ultrakohl.com]
{{Fibrous proteins}}
{{Cytoskeletal Proteins}}
{{Epithelial tissue}}
{{cell-biology-stub}}