Torrefacto

{{Short description|Particular process of roasting coffee beans}}

Image:Espresso-roasted coffee beans.jpg beans (roasted with sugar)]]

Torrefacto refers to a particular process of roasting coffee beans, common in Spain, Paraguay, Portugal, Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Uruguay and Argentina. The process involves adding a certain amount of sugar during roasting in order to glaze the beans. By adding the additional sugar to the beans it increases the effects of the Maillard reaction during the roasting process, thus giving the beans more of that distinct flavor.{{Cite journal|last1=Andueza|first1=Susana|last2=Vila|first2=María A.|last3=Peña|first3=M. Paz de|last4=Cid|first4=Concepción|date=2007|title=Influence of coffee/water ratio on the final quality of espresso coffee|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.2720|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|language=en|volume=87|issue=4|pages=586–592|doi=10.1002/jsfa.2720|bibcode=2007JSFA...87..586A |issn=1097-0010|hdl=10171/35076|hdl-access=free}} The glazed beans are then mixed with normal roasted beans. While originally a cheap way of preserving the coffee beans in the 1920s, due to the common use of low-grade Robusta coffee the process was also used to hide negative aroma and taste characteristics of the coffee.{{Cite journal|last1=Andueza|first1=Susana|last2=Vila|first2=María A.|last3=Peña|first3=M. Paz de|last4=Cid|first4=Concepción|date=2007|title=Influence of coffee/water ratio on the final quality of espresso coffee|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.2720|journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|language=en|volume=87|issue=4|pages=586–592|doi=10.1002/jsfa.2720|bibcode=2007JSFA...87..586A |issn=1097-0010|hdl=10171/35076|hdl-access=free}}

The addition of sugar during the torrefacto roasting process increases the production of compounds with antioxidant properties. Both ground and brewed torrefacto coffee has higher antioxidant capacity than standard roasts, decreased pro-oxidant activities were also observed in a study.{{Cite journal|last1=López-Galilea|first1=I.|last2=Andueza|first2=S.|last3=P de Peña|first3=M.|last4=Cid|first4=C.|date=2004-01-01|title=Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of coffee as affected by torrefacto roast|url=http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/cjfs.htm?volume=22&firstPage=S209&type=publishedArticle|journal=Czech Journal of Food Sciences|volume=22|issue=SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V|pages=S209–S211|doi=10.17221/10662-CJFS|doi-access=free}} In addition, the espresso method of extraction yielded higher antioxidant activity than other brewing methods.López-Galilea I, Andueza S, di Leonardo I, Paz de Peña M, Cid C. Influence of torrefacto roast on antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of coffee. Food Chemistry, 94;(1):75-80.

According to Sagi Cohen, the torrefacto process allows coffee to be kept fresh for longer; lowers its price, as it is mixed with much cheaper sugar; and imparts it with flavors which he variously describes as "burnt sugar", "diluted asphalt" and "liquefied coal".{{Cite news |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/food/restaurants-reviews/.premium-MAGAZINE-1.7390996 |title=זאת בירה אירופית גדולה, אז למה לקפה יש טעם של בנזין? |last=כהן |first=שגיא |date=2019-06-20 |work=Haaretz |access-date=2019-07-11}}