Totma

It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1137 (according to other sources—in 1138{{cite book|last=Н. В. Солдатова|script-title=ru:Вологодская энциклопедия|url=http://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/sud/ako/vsk/aya/2.pdf|page=474|editor=Г. В. Судаков|access-date=November 26, 2013|year=2006|publisher=ВГПУ, Русь|location=Вологда|language=ru|isbn=5-87822-305-8}}) as the pogost of Todma ({{lang|ru|Тодма}}).{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|pages=475}} It was founded by Novgorodians, who used the Sukhona as the main waterway leading to the north and eventually to the White Sea.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The name "Totma" is nevertheless of Finno-Ugrian origin, which, together with archeological discoveries, indicates that an earlier settlement on the site of the present town was established by the Merya people.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The original pogost was located {{convert|16|km|sp=us}} downstream of the current location, close to the mouth of the Staraya Totma River. In the 13th century, salt production started around Totma and the town was relocated.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} In 1539, Totma was plundered by Kazan Tatars; a fortress was built after this event. In 1554, monk Feodosy Sumorin founded the Transfiguration Monastery. In the 16th–17th centuries, Totma was one of the most prosperous towns of the Russian North, due to the trade and to the salt production. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Totma was visited several times by Peter the Great, which was rather exceptional given the remote location of the town.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Totma was included into Archangelgorod Governorate and named one of the towns constituting the governorate.[http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{in lang|ru}} In the 18th century, Totma was one of the main centers of the exploration of and the trade with Alaska. In particular, Ivan Kuskov, the first administrator of Fort Ross, a Russian fortress in California, was a native of Totma. In 1780, Totma became the seat of Totemsky Uyezd of Vologda Viceroyalty, and since 1796 it was a part of Vologda Governorate.

In the 19th century, Totma quickly lost its significance as the foreign trade was rerouted from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg and the river transportation was gradually replaced by railways and highways.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The railway from Vologda to Arkhangelsk was constructed along the shortest way via Konosha and bypassed Totma, while the old highway from Moscow to Arkhangelsk never ran via Totma.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Until the late 1990s, the only road through Totma connected Vologda with Veliky Ustyug via Nikolsk.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} In the second half of the 19th century, Totma was frequently used as a destination for political exile.

On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai and the uyezds were abolished.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Totma became the administrative center of Totemsky District, which included parts of former Totemsky Uyezd.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Totma serves as the administrative center of Totemsky District.Resolution #178 As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Totemsky District as the town of district significance of Totma.Law #371-OZ As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Totma is incorporated within Totemsky Municipal District as Totma Urban Settlement.Law #1124-OZ

{{Weather box|width=auto

|location=Totma (extremes 1883-present)

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|Jan record high C = 4.6

|Feb record high C = 5.0

|Mar record high C = 15.3

|Apr record high C = 27.1

|May record high C = 31.0

|Jun record high C = 34.4

|Jul record high C = 35.2

|Aug record high C = 35.2

|Sep record high C = 28.2

|Oct record high C = 22.5

|Nov record high C = 12.6

|Dec record high C = 7.4

|Jan high C = -7.8

|Feb high C = -6.0

|Mar high C = 0.4

|Apr high C = 8.7

|May high C = 16.7

|Jun high C = 20.8

|Jul high C = 23.4

|Aug high C = 20.2

|Sep high C = 13.9

|Oct high C = 5.8

|Nov high C = -1.6

|Dec high C = -5.6

|Jan mean C = -10.8

|Feb mean C = -9.6

|Mar mean C = -4.0

|Apr mean C = 3.3

|May mean C = 10.6

|Jun mean C = 15.1

|Jul mean C = 17.8

|Aug mean C = 14.8

|Sep mean C = 9.5

|Oct mean C = 3.1

|Nov mean C = -3.7

|Dec mean C = -8.1

|Jan low C = -13.9

|Feb low C = -12.9

|Mar low C = -8.1

|Apr low C = -1.4

|May low C = 4.9

|Jun low C = 9.5

|Jul low C = 12.4

|Aug low C = 10.2

|Sep low C = 6.0

|Oct low C = 1.0

|Nov low C = -5.7

|Dec low C = -10.8

|Jan record low C = -45.3

|Feb record low C = -42.7

|Mar record low C = -35.6

|Apr record low C = -26.3

|May record low C = -10.7

|Jun record low C = -3.9

|Jul record low C = -1.4

|Aug record low C = -2.2

|Sep record low C = -7.0

|Oct record low C = -22.2

|Nov record low C = -35.9

|Dec record low C = -45.8

|Jan precipitation mm = 46.3

|Feb precipitation mm = 35.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 34.8

|Apr precipitation mm = 33.6

|May precipitation mm = 45.0

|Jun precipitation mm = 67.8

|Jul precipitation mm = 75.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 71.6

|Sep precipitation mm = 52.1

|Oct precipitation mm = 62.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 52.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 46.6

|source 1 = pogoda.ru.net{{cite web|title=Климат Тотьмы|url=http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27051.htm|accessdate=December 30, 2022|language=Russian}}

}}

The most important industry in Totma is the food industry.{{cite web|url=http://totma-region.ru/article/a-55.html|script-title=ru:Структура видов экономической деятельности|publisher=Администрация Тотемского муниципального района|language=ru|access-date=November 26, 2013}}

Paved roads connect Totma with Vologda via Kadnikov (southwest), Veliky Ustyug via Nyuksenitsa (northeast), and Nikolsk via Imeni Babushkina (east). Before the road between Totma and Veliky Ustyug along the Sukhona was completed in the first decade of the 2000s, the only connection between the towns was via Nikolsk.

The Sukhona is navigable in Totma; however, there is no passenger navigation.

Totma is a historical town which preserved, along with other heritage, several churches which have all similar structure not related to any other region of Russia. A Totma church is a building on which the church proper is based on one side and the bell-tower on the other side so that the construction reminds a ship. This style is sometimes referred to as Totma Baroque.{{cite web|url=http://www.pomorsu.ru/Brumfield/pregalery2.html |script-title=ru:Памятники церковной архитектуры Тотемского района |last=Брамфилд |first=Уильям |year=2000 |publisher=Поморский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова |language=ru |access-date=October 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606141856/http://www.pomorsu.ru/Brumfield/pregalery2.html |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }}

Totma contains twelve objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law and additionally seventy-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.{{RKN_base}} The town of Totma is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center.{{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Министерство культуры Российской Федерации

|ru_type=Приказ

|ru_number=418/339

|ru_date=29 июля 2010 г.

|ru_title=Об утверждении перечня исторических поселений

|ru_effective_date=10 октября 2010 г

|ru_published_in="Российская газета", №219

|ru_published_date=29 сентября 2010 г.

|ru_url=http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/29/istor-posel-dok.html

|en_entity=Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation

|en_type=Order

|en_number=418/339

|en_date=July 29, 2010

|en_title=On Adopting the Registry of the Historic Settlements

|en_effective_date=October 10, 2010

|en_url=

}}

The monuments classified as cultural heritage by the federal law are the following:

File:Тотьма. Церковь Входа Господня в Иерусалим.jpg

File:Церковь Рождества Христова, Тотьма.jpg

• The complex of the Resurrection Church and the Assumption Church (1744–1755)
• The Nativity Church (1746–1748)
• The Trinity Church in Zelenskaya Rybatskaya Sloboda (1768–1772)
• The complex of the Church of the Entry into Jerusalem and the Church of St. John the Baptist (1738–1740)
• The Kholodilov House (middle of 19th century)
• The ensemble of Spaso-Sumorin Monastery (1685–1689)
• The town hall
• The house where Anatoly Lunacharsky lived in 1903-1904

Totma hosts five six museums:{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/mus/location.asp?addres=%D2%EE%F2%FC%EC%E0|script-title=ru:Музеи Тотьмы|publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия|language=ru|access-date=November 26, 2013}}

• The Totma Regional Museum, founded in 1915. Feodosy Vakhrushov, a landscape painter, was the founder of the museum, and the museum presents a display of his paintings
• The museum of Church Antiquities
• The House of Ivan Kuskov
• The museum of Sea Explorers (in the building of the Church of the Entry into Jerusalem)
• The museum of artifacts in Spaso-Sumorin Monastery
• The Ship-Building Museum

{{Reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|vlg|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|vlg|adm|list}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|vlg|mun|list|totemsky}}

• Уильям Крафт Брамфилд. [http://www.cultinfo.ru/brumfield/totma/index.htm Памятники церковной архитектуры Тотемского района] {{in lang|ru}}
• Totma News [https://gorodtotma.ru/ Totma News] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Vologda Oblast}}

{{Russian North}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Vologda Oblast

Category:Totemsky Uyezd