Touraine

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Touraine ({{IPAc-en|US|t|u|ˈ|r|eɪ|n|,_|t|u|ˈ|r|ɛ|n}};{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Touraine|access-date=11 August 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/touraine|title=Touraine|work=Collins English Dictionary|publisher=HarperCollins|access-date=11 August 2019}}{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Touraine|access-date=11 August 2019}} {{IPA|fr|tuʁɛn|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lunagrouh-Touraine.wav}}) is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. During the political reorganization of French territory in 1790, Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher, Indre and Vienne.

Geography

Traversed by the river Loire and its tributaries the Cher, the Indre and the Vienne, Touraine makes up a part of the western Paris Basin. It is well known for its viticulture. The TGV high-speed train system, which connects Tours with Paris (200 kilometers away) in just over an hour, has made Touraine a place of residence for people who work in the French capital but seek a different quality of life.

History

Touraine takes its name from a Celtic tribe called the Turones, who inhabited the region about two thousand years ago.

In 1044, the control of Touraine was given to the Angevins, who (as the House of Plantagenet) became kings of England in 1154, the castle of Chinon being their greatest stronghold. In 1205, Philip II Augustus of France regained Touraine. At this time, Touraine was made into a royal duchy. In 1429, Saint Joan of Arc had a historic meeting with the future King of France Charles VII at Chinon. Throughout the late 15th and 16th centuries, Touraine was a favorite residence of French kings, and the dark and gloomy castles were converted to Renaissance châteaux; for this reason the region was titled "The Garden of France". These same châteaux became popular tourist attractions in modern times. The royal duchy became a province in 1584, and was divided into departments in 1790.

Notable people

Peter des Roches (died 1238), Bishop of Winchester.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Peter des Roches|volume=21|last= Davis |first= Henry William Carless |author-link= Henry William Carless Davis |pages=292–293|short=1}}
François Rabelais (ca.1483-1553), a Renaissance writer and humanist, physician, monk and Greek scholar.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Rabelais, François |volume= 22 |last= Saintsbury |first= George |author-link= George Saintsbury| pages = 769–773 |short=1}}
René Descartes (1596–1650), a French philosopher, scientist and mathematician.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Descartes, René |volume= 8 |last= Wallace |first= William |author-link= William Wallace | pages = 79–90 |short=1}}
Jean Thurel (1698–1807), a fusilier of the French Army and centenarian
Alfred de Vigny (1797–1863), a French poet and early French Romanticist.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Vigny, Alfred de |volume= 28 |last= Saintsbury |first= George |author-link= George Saintsbury| pages = 61–62 |short=1}}
Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850), a French novelist and playwright.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Balzac, Honoré de |volume= 3 |last= Saintsbury |first= George |author-link= George Saintsbury | pages = 298–301 |date=1911 }}
René Boylesve (1867–1926), a French writer and literary critic.