Toyota Sora
{{Short description|Electric/hydrogen transit bus}}
{{distinguish|Toyota Sera|Toyota Soarer}}
{{Infobox automobile
| image = Toyota_Sora_fuel_cell_bus_2017_Tokyo_Motor_Show_front.jpg
| name = Toyota Sora
| manufacturer = Toyota
| production = 2018–present
| assembly = Japan: Komatsu, Ishikawa (J-Bus){{cite web |url=https://www.aba-j.or.jp/info/industry/3316/ |title=トヨタＦＣバス、官庁街で試乗会 静かな走り「内緒話聞こえてしまう」 |trans-title=Test drive event for the Toyota fuel cell bus by district governments. Quiet driving: "I even can hear secret chats" |language=ja |publisher=Automotive Business Association of Japan |date=2018-04-26 |access-date=2023-06-11}}
| class = Transit bus
| body_style = Single-decker bus
| engine = Fuel-cell
| motor = 2x AC synchronous drive motors {{convert|114|kW|hp PS|abbr=on}}
| transmission = Full automatic electric motor transmission
| battery = 235 kWh NiMH battery
| range = {{convert|200|km|mi|1|abbr=on}}
| wheelbase =
| length = {{convert|10525|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2490|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3340|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight =
| model_code = ZBC-MUM1NAE
| chassis = Low-floor
}}
The {{Nihongo|Toyota Sora|トヨタ SORA|Toyota Sora|lead=yes}} is a transit bus with an electric motor powered by hydrogen fuel cells produced by Toyota, developed in cooperation with Hino Motors. The bus uses components originally developed for the Toyota Mirai, a mid-size fuel cell sedan. The name Sora is an abbreviation of the words Sky, Ocean, River and Air and refers to the water cycle.
Technical details
With a capacity of 78 passengers, the Sora uses fuel cells to power the bus, in which 10 tanks carrying 600 litres of hydrogen feeds two sets of polymer electrolyte fuel cells which can produces an output of {{cvt|155|hp|kW|order=flip}}. A single refuelling takes only 10 minutes for a {{convert|200|km|mile|adj=on|round=10|abbr=in}} journey compared to conventional battery electric buses which takes around 5 hours for the batteries to be fully charged. The bus is also equipped with an external power supply system which can be used as an emergency source of electricity, providing external consumers with up to 235 kWh of electricity with a maximum power of 9 kW.
Features
The Sora uses an automatic stopping system. It follows lines on the road and, using automatic steering and braking, stops the bus from {{cvt|3 to 6|cm|0}} from the edge of the stop, and also not more than {{cvt|10|cm|0}} in front of or behind the designated stop line. The bus has an environment monitoring system based on eight cameras located inside and outside the vehicle, combined with radar and a collision warning system, to detect pedestrians and cyclists in the vicinity and alert the driver to their presence using audible and visual signals. The bus is also equipped with an acceleration control function, which protects standing passengers from too rapid acceleration.
The Sora cooperates with the ITS Connect system, which uses communication between vehicles and between vehicles and road infrastructure to improve driving safety, as well as systems supporting bus convoys and ensuring priority at traffic lights (Public Transportation Priority Systems). Toyota buses can exchange information about traffic, pedestrians or changes in lights with other vehicles. The Emergency Driving Stop System also allows passengers to stop the vehicle in an emergency, for example if the driver collapses.{{Cite web |title=Podczas igrzysk olimpijskich w Tokio pasażerów będą wozić zaawansowane technologiczne wodorowe autobusy |trans-title=During the Olympic Games in Tokyo, passengers will be transported by technologically advanced hydrogen buses |date=2019-08-09 |access-date=2019-08-30 |publisher=www.komputerswiat.pl |url=https://www.komputerswiat.pl/aktualnosci/nauka-i-technika/podczas-igrzysk-olimpijskich-w-tokio-pasazerow-beda-wozic-zaawansowane-technologiczne/qqntl8t |language=pl}}
Sales and export
The Sora made its debut at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2017.{{Cite press release |url=http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/19063778/ |title=Toyota Unveils FC Bus Concept Sora |date=2017-10-18 |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |access-date=2017-10-27}} It went on sale in Japan on 7 March 2018 with more than 100 buses in the public transport fleet, mainly for Tokyo BRT, Keikyu Bus and Toei Bus, ahead of the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, which took place in the Japanese capital.{{Cite web |url=http://motoryzacja.interia.pl/raporty/raport-tokio-2017/tokio2017/news-sora-nowatorski-autobus-toyoty,nId,2455406 |title=Sora. Nowatorski Autobus Toyoty | date=2017-10-20 |publisher=Interia Motoryzacja |language=pl |access-date=2017-10-20}}
In Europe, the Sora is sold as a chassis fitted with Caetano H2.City Gold bodywork supplied by Portuguese manufacturer Salvador Caetano, who have been a long-time partner for importing Toyota commercial vehicles into Europe. {{As of|2022}}, numerous orders for Caetano-bodied Soras have been placed, predominantly in Germany.{{cn|date=June 2022}}
Gallery
File:Keisei Bus Tokyo BRT 1002 Toyota Sora ZBC-MUM1NAE (52939899277).jpg|Tokyo BRT operated by Keisei Bus
File:Tobus Toyota SORA Fuel Cell Buses at Fukagawa Dept 02.jpg|Toei Bus, rear
File:Interior Toyota Sora.jpg|Interior of the Toyota Sora, which has 25 seatings and can carry up to 79 passengers
File:Toei Bus S-D111 Toyota Sora interior.jpg|Driver cockpit of Toyota Sora