Trachurus

{{Redirect|Saurel|people with this name|Saurel (surname)|the angel of death in Mandaeism|Saureil}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Jack mackerels

| fossil_range = Eocene to Present{{cite journal

| last = Sepkoski

| first = Jack

| author-link =

| title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera

| journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology

| volume = 364

| issue =

|page=560

| date = 2002

| url = http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class

| doi =

| id =

| access-date = 2008-01-08 }}

| image = MaAji.jpg

| image_caption = Japanese horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus

| taxon = Trachurus

| authority = Rafinesque, 1810{{ITIS|id=168585|taxon=Trachurus|access-date=16 August 2013}}

| synonyms = *Branchialepes Fowler, 1938

Suareus Dardignac & Vincent, 1958

| synonyms_ref = {{Cof family|family=Carangidae|access-date=4 December 2019}}

| type_species = Trachurus saurus

| type_species_authority = Rafinesque, 1810{{cite web|title=Trachurus saurus Rafinesque 1810|url=http://www.fishwise.co.za/Default.aspx?TabID=110&SpecieConfigId=254226|work=Universal FishWise Catalog|publisher=fishwise.co.za|access-date=17 August 2013}}

}}

Jack mackerels or saurels are marine ray-finned fish in the genus Trachurus of the family Carangidae. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words trachys ("rough") and oura ("tail"). Some species, such as T. murphyi, are harvested in purse seine nets, and overfishing (harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.C.Michael Hogan. 2010. [http://www.eoearth.org/article/Overfishing Overfishing. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment]. eds. Sidney Draggan and C.Cleveland. Washington DC.

It is often used in Japanese cuisine, where it is called aji, in Turkish cuisine, where it is called istavrit, and in Portuguese Cuisine, where it is called carapau.

Species

File:とんから亭のアジフライ定食.jpg as part of a teishoku meal, with miso soup and curry]]

The genus Trachurus was defined in 1810 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, who called the type species Trachurus saurus. Taxonomists later determined that T. saurus was in fact the same species as one described earlier as Scomber trachurus, defined in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. Under the rules of binomial nomenclature, that species is now known as Trachurus trachurus, commonly known as the Atlantic horse mackerel.

The currently recognized species in this genus are:{{FishBase genus | genus = Trachurus| month = February | year = 2013}}

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
class="wikitable"
120px	Trachurus capensis Castelnau, 1861	Cape horse mackerel	southeastern Atlantic from the Gulf of Guinea to eastern South Africa.
120px	Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)	greenback horse mackerel	western and southern Australia, and around New Zealand
	Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov, 1970	African scad	south western Indian Ocean.
120px	Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966	Arabian scad	Red Sea and Somalia through the Persian Gulf east as far as Pakistan and south to the Saya de Malha Bank.
120px	Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)	Japanese jack mackerel	Japan, apart from Okinawa Island
120px	Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920	rough scad	eastern coasts of North and South America and the Gulf of Mexico
	Trachurus longimanus (Norman, 1935)	Crozet scad	east Atlantic and south western Indian Oceans
120px	Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)	Mediterranean horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic from Bay of Biscay to Mauritania, including the Mediterranean Sea.
	Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920	Chilean jack mackerel	south Pacific off the coasts of Chile and Peru, around New Zealand and south Australia, and in a band across the open ocean in between
120px	Trachurus novaezelandiae J. Richardson, 1843	yellowtail horse mackerel	Australia and New Zealand
120px	Trachurus picturatus (S. Bowdich, 1825)	blue jack mackerel	the Bay of Biscay to south Morocco and the western Mediterranean.
120px	Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)	Pacific jack mackerel	western coast of North America, ranging from Alaska in the north to the Gulf of California in the south
120px	Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Atlantic horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea.
	Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950	Cunene horse mackerel	eastern Atlantic from Morocco south to Angola

References

Fitch JE (1956) [http://www.calcofi.org/publications/calcofireports/v05/Vol_05_Jack_Mackerel_Fitch.pdf "Jack mackerel"] CalCOFI Reports, 5: 27–28.

Category:Extant Eocene first appearances

Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Category:Marine fish genera