Transavantgarde

{{short description|Art movement in Italy}}

Transavantgarde or Transavanguardia is the Italian version of Neo-expressionism, an art movement that swept through Italy and the rest of Western Europe in the late 1970s and 1980s. The term transavanguardia was coined by Italian art critic Achille Bonito Oliva,{{cite book|last=Chilvers|first=Ian|title=A Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Art|url=https://www.questia.com/read/74370572/a-dictionary-of-twentieth-century-art|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=620|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816191515/https://www.questia.com/read/74370572/a-dictionary-of-twentieth-century-art|url-status=dead}} originating in the "Aperto '80" at the Venice Biennale,{{cite book|last=Nieves|first=Marysol|title=Taking Aim! The Business of Being An Artist Today|url=https://www.questia.com/read/120876652/taking-aim-the-business-of-being-an-artist-today|year=2011|publisher=Fordham University Press|page=236|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2017-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401055411/https://www.questia.com/read/120876652/taking-aim-the-business-of-being-an-artist-today|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.labiennale.org/en/art/history/80s.html?back=true|title=The 1980s|publisher=La Biennale|accessdate=24 January 2014}} and literally means beyond the avant-garde.

This art movement responded to the explosion of conceptual art, which found many mediums of expression, by reviving painting and reintroducing emotion – especially joy – back into drawing, painting and sculpture.{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5013126.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140126105155/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5013126.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2014|title=Visual Art: Land of the Living Dead Mimmo Paladino South London Gallery, London|last=Derwent|first=Charles|date=12 September 1999|work=The Independent|accessdate=24 January 2014}} Transavantgarde marked a return to figurative art, as well as mythic imagery, which was rediscovered during the height of the movement.{{cite news|url=http://media.proquest.com/media/pq/classic/doc/727797821/fmt/ai/rep/SPDF?hl=&cit%3Aauth=Hawlitschka%2C+Ursula&cit%3Atitle=Enzo+Cucchi+and+the+Transavantgarde%3A+Are+we+in+an+abyss+of+seeing%3F&cit%3Apub=ProQuest+Dissertations+and+Theses&cit%3Avol=&cit%3Aiss=&cit%3Apg=n%2Fa&cit%3Adate=2000&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Full+Text&_a=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&_s=n3L8GzNM7MfI3orxG96mbpuqSV4%3D|title=Enzo Cucchi and the Transavantgarde: Are We In An Abyss of Seeing?|last=Hawlitschka|first=Ursula|date=August 2000}} The artists revived figurative art and symbolism, which were less frequently used in movements after World War II like minimalism. The principal transavantgarde artists were Sandro Chia, Francesco Clemente, Enzo Cucchi, Mimmo Germanà, Nino Longobardi, Nicola De Maria and Mimmo Paladino.{{r|kok}}

In 1982, works by Chia, Cucchi and Longobardi were included in the exhibition "Italian Art Now: An American Perspective" at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.{{r|grace}}