Transcription factor II E

{{Short description|Transcription factor}}

{{infobox protein

| Name = general transcription factor IIE, polypeptide 1, alpha 56kDa

| caption =

| image =

| width =

| HGNCid = 4650

| Symbol = GTF2E1

| AltSymbols = TF2E1

| EntrezGene = 2960

| OMIM = 189962

| RefSeq = NM_005513

| UniProt = P29083

| PDB =

| ECnumber =

| Chromosome = 3

| Arm = q

| Band = 21

| LocusSupplementaryData = -q24

}}

{{infobox protein

| Name = general transcription factor IIE, polypeptide 2, beta 34kDa

| caption =

| image =

| width =

| HGNCid = 4651

| Symbol = GTF2E2

| AltSymbols = TF2E2

| EntrezGene = 2961

| OMIM = 189964

| RefSeq = NM_002095

| UniProt = P29084

| PDB =

| ECnumber =

| Chromosome = 8

| Arm = p

| Band = 12

| LocusSupplementaryData =

}}

Transcription factor II E (TF_IIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex.{{cite book | author = Lewin, Benjamin | title = Genes VIII | url = https://archive.org/details/genesviii00lewi | url-access = limited | publisher = Pearson Prentice Hall | location = Upper Saddle River, NJ | year = 2004 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/genesviii00lewi/page/n645 636]–637 | isbn = 0-13-144946-X }} It is a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and interacts with TAF6/TAFII80, ATF7IP, and varicella-zoster virus IE63 protein.{{cite web|url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P29083|title=UniProtKB - P29083 (T2EA_HUMAN)|website=UniProt|access-date=2016-10-19}}

TF_IIE recruits TF_IIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TF_IIH. Both TF_IIH and TF_IIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase. Transcription factor II E is encoded by the GTF2E1 and GTF2E2 genes.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohkuma Y, Hashimoto S, Roeder RG, Horikoshi M | title = Identification of two large subdomains in TFIIE-alpha on the basis of homology between Xenopus and human sequences | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 20 | issue = 21 | pages = 5838 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1454543 | pmc = 334425 | doi = 10.1093/nar/20.21.5838}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Heng HH, Xiao H, Shi XM, Greenblatt J, Tsui LC | title = Genes encoding general initiation factors for RNA polymerase II transcription are dispersed in the human genome | journal = Hum. Mol. Genet. | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–4 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8162052 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/3.1.61}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Sumimoto H, Ohkuma Y, Sinn E, Kato H, Shimasaki S, Horikoshi M, Roeder RG | title = Conserved sequence motifs in the small subunit of human general transcription factor TFIIE | journal = Nature | volume = 354 | issue = 6352 | pages = 401–4 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1956404 | doi = 10.1038/354401a0 | bibcode = 1991Natur.354..401S | s2cid = 4288495 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohkuma Y, Sumimoto H, Hoffmann A, Shimasaki S, Horikoshi M, Roeder RG | title = Structural motifs and potential sigma homologies in the large subunit of human general transcription factor TFIIE | journal = Nature | volume = 354 | issue = 6352 | pages = 398–401 |date=December 1991 | pmid = 1956403 | doi = 10.1038/354398a0 | s2cid = 4325438 }} TF_IIE is thought to be involved in DNA melting at the promoter: it contains a zinc ribbon motif that can bind single stranded DNA.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee TI, Young RA | title = Transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes | journal = Annu. Rev. Genet. | volume = 34 | pages = 77–137 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11092823 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.77}}