Transnational repression by China

{{Further|Chinese intelligence activity abroad|Chinese censorship abroad}}

According to Freedom House, the People's Republic of China (PRC) was responsible for 253 of 854 physical incidents of transnational repression from 2014 to 2022, making it the most extensive practitioner of transnational repression.{{Cite web |date=April 2023 |title=Still Not Safe: Transnational Repression in 2022 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/FH_TransnationalRepression2023_0.pdf |website=Freedom House |access-date=2024-02-28 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618041517/https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/FH_TransnationalRepression2023_0.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Putz |first1=Catherine |title=A Letter to Dushanbe: US Senator Urges Tajikistan to End Repression |url=https://thediplomat.com/2023/12/a-letter-to-dushanbe-us-senator-urges-tajikistan-to-end-repression |publisher=The Diplomat |date=December 7, 2023}}{{cite news |last1=Serhan |first1=Yasmeen |title=How Authoritarian Regimes Are Stepping Up Repression Far Beyond Their Borders |url=https://time.com/6319450/transnational-repression-nijjar-khashoggi |publisher=Time |date=October 2, 2023 |archive-date=April 18, 2024 |access-date=April 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090312/https://time.com/6319450/transnational-repression-nijjar-khashoggi/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title="On my campus, I am afraid": China's targeting of overseas students stifles rights |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/8006/2024/en/ |publisher=Amnesty International |page=14 |date=May 13, 2024 |access-date=January 23, 2025 |archive-date=February 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250202124021/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa17/8006/2024/en/ |url-status=live }} In a statement for the US Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Freedom House said that the estimate was conservative, "since these numbers do not include pressure put on the China-based relatives of targeted individuals, digital tactics like harassment and surveillance, or foiled attempts at physical violence".{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2022 |title=CECC Statement: The Threat of Transnational Repression from China and the U.S. Response |url=https://freedomhouse.org/article/cecc-statement-threat-transnational-repression-china-and-us-response |website=Freedom House |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002051507/https://freedomhouse.org/article/cecc-statement-threat-transnational-repression-china-and-us-response |url-status=live }} Transnational repression conducted by China has also escalated since 2014 under Xi Jinping.{{Cite news |date=26 February 2024 |title=Living outside China has become more like living inside China |url=https://www.economist.com/china/2024/02/26/living-outside-china-has-become-more-like-living-inside-china |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The Economist |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240519110632/https://www.economist.com/china/2024/02/26/living-outside-china-has-become-more-like-living-inside-china |url-status=live }}

In 2024, Amnesty International stated that the PRC is increasingly threatening overseas activists' family members in mainland China with loss of jobs, retirement benefits, and physical freedom in order to gain compliance.{{Cite web |date=2024-05-14 |title=China targeting citizens abroad for political activism |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2024/05/14/2003817829 |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Taipei Times |agency=Agence France-Presse}} In April 2025, cybersecurity agencies from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Germany warned of a growing threat from Beijing's security services using malicious mobile apps to track and monitor critics of the Chinese government abroad.{{Cite news |last=Vicens |first=A.J. |date=April 8, 2025 |title=Western intelligence agencies warn spyware threat targeting Taiwan, Tibetan rights advocates |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/cybersecurity/western-intelligence-agencies-warn-spyware-threat-targeting-taiwan-tibetan-2025-04-08/ |access-date=April 13, 2025 |work=Reuters}}

{{Further|Persecution of Uyghurs in China}}

The Chinese government's transnational repression of Uyghurs includes diplomatic pressure for extradition from countries like Thailand,{{Cite news |last1=Sawitta Lefevre |first1=Amy |last2=Dikmen |first2=Yesim |date=July 9, 2015 |title=Thai PM defends decision to send Uighurs back to China |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/thai-pm-defends-decision-to-send-uighurs-back-to-china-idUSKCN0PJ186/ |access-date=November 3, 2024 |work=Reuters}}{{Cite web |last=Idris |first=Abdulhakim |date=January 25, 2025 |title=Forgotten Voices: The Uyghurs Facing Deportation From Thailand to China |url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/01/forgotten-voices-the-uyghurs-facing-deportation-from-thailand-to-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126123821/https://thediplomat.com/2025/01/forgotten-voices-the-uyghurs-facing-deportation-from-thailand-to-china/ |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |access-date=February 2, 2025 |website=The Diplomat}}{{Cite web |last=Olarn |first=Kocha |date=2025-02-27 |title=Thailand's secret deportation of Uyghurs to China a win for Beijing, snub to US |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/27/asia/thailand-deporting-uyghurs-china-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=CNN |archive-date=28 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228075259/https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/27/asia/thailand-deporting-uyghurs-china-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }} Turkey,{{Cite news |last=Kakissis |first=Joanna |date=March 13, 2020 |title='I Thought It Would Be Safe': Uighurs In Turkey Now Fear China's Long Arm |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/03/13/800118582/i-thought-it-would-be-safe-uighurs-in-turkey-now-fear-china-s-long-arm |access-date=November 3, 2024 |work=NPR |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415073319/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/13/800118582/i-thought-it-would-be-safe-uighurs-in-turkey-now-fear-china-s-long-arm |url-status=live }} and Egypt,{{Cite news |last1=Karadsheh |first1=Jomana |last2=Tuysuz |first2=Gul |date=June 8, 2021 |title=Uyghurs are being deported from Muslim countries, raising concerns about China's growing reach |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/08/middleeast/uyghur-arab-muslim-china-disappearances-cmd-intl/index.html |access-date=November 3, 2024 |work=CNN |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531152933/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/08/middleeast/uyghur-arab-muslim-china-disappearances-cmd-intl/index.html |url-status=live }} often without due process.{{Cite journal |last1=Sparks |first1=Lily |last2=Weine |first2=Kate |date=2024-02-22 |title='We Will Find You': A Global Look at How Governments Repress Nationals Abroad |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/02/22/we-will-find-you/global-look-how-governments-repress-nationals-abroad |journal=Human Rights Watch |archive-date=2025-01-21 |access-date=2025-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121091807/https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/02/22/we-will-find-you/global-look-how-governments-repress-nationals-abroad |url-status=live }} Domestically, Uyghurs face passport confiscations in Xinjiang, limiting their travel. Abroad, they encounter digital surveillance and intimidation, with their families in China sometimes being used as leverage.{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=William |date=2024-10-09 |title=China tries to silence critics in Japan, new report finds |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/china-tries-to-silence-critics-in-japan-new-report-finds/7816790.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Voice of America |archive-date=2024-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009235459/https://www.voanews.com/a/china-tries-to-silence-critics-in-japan-new-report-finds/7816790.html |url-status=live }} These actions are part of China's larger strategy in dealing with the Uyghur community under what it describes as terrorism, infiltration, and separatism.{{Cite web |last1=Tobin |first1=David |last2=Elimä |first2=Nyrola |date=2023 |title="We know you better than you know yourself": China's transnational repression of the Uyghur diaspora |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/seas/research/we-know-you-better-you-know-yourself-chinas-transnational-repression-uyghur-diaspora |website=University of Sheffield |archive-date=10 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710083718/https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/seas/research/we-know-you-better-you-know-yourself-chinas-transnational-repression-uyghur-diaspora |url-status=live}}

According to professor of East Asian Studies David Tobin, the Chinese government threatened a UK university for an academic's work on Uyghurs, leading to an institutional review that discussed whether to permit publicizing of any research on the region.{{Cite journal |last=Tobin |first=David |date=2024 |title=Visualising insecurity: the globalisation of China's racist 'counter-terror' education |journal=Comparative Education |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=195–215 |doi=10.1080/03050068.2023.2298130 |doi-access=free}} Professor Steve Tsang has testified that the University of Nottingham closed its School of Contemporary China Studies under pressure from Beijing.

{{Further|Human rights in Tibet|Sinicization of Tibet}}

According to the International Campaign for Tibet, Tibetan communities in countries like the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands report surveillance and intimidation from the Chinese government. Chinese agents are involved in monitoring and threatening Tibetans, affecting their ability to criticize China's policies towards Tibet. Family members in China are sometimes used as leverage. The Chinese government also disrupts traditional Tibetan refugee routes in Nepal to India, increasing the risk of repatriation.{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2022 |title=Tibet special coordinator speaks to media on Olympics, transnational repression |url=https://savetibet.org/tibet-special-coordinator-speaks-to-media-on-olympics-transnational-repression/ |website=International Campaign for Tibet |access-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-date=June 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614181344/https://savetibet.org/tibet-special-coordinator-speaks-to-media-on-olympics-transnational-repression/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last= |last2= |first2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |first5= |date=2023-11-30 |title=Transnational repression of Tibetans raised at European Parliament conference International Campaign for Tibet - Brussels Office |url=https://www.savetibet.eu/transnational-repression-of-tibetans-raised-at-european-parliament-conference/ |website=International Campaign for Tibet |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201173821/https://www.savetibet.eu/transnational-repression-of-tibetans-raised-at-european-parliament-conference/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2022 |title=Tibet groups write to Dutch PM on Chinese intimidation of Tibetans |url=https://savetibet.org/tibet-groups-write-to-dutch-pm-on-chinese-intimidation-of-tibetans/ |website=International Campaign for Tibet |access-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-date=September 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930234018/https://savetibet.org/tibet-groups-write-to-dutch-pm-on-chinese-intimidation-of-tibetans/ |url-status=live }}

The Center for American Progress wrote in 2022 that one of the most notable cases of transnational repression by the Chinese government, the 2015 kidnapping of bookseller and writer Gui Minhai in Thailand, was coordinated by the Ministry of Public Security.{{Cite web |last=Link |first=Jordan |date=2022-10-17 |title=The Expanding International Reach of China's Police |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-expanding-international-reach-of-chinas-police/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529063701/https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-expanding-international-reach-of-chinas-police/ |archive-date=2023-05-29 |website=Center for American Progress}}{{cite news |title=Hong Kong bookseller's televised 'confession' was absurd and incoherent – and that's the point |first=Emily |last=Rauhala |date=18 January 2016 |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/18/hong-kong-booksellers-televised-confession-was-absurd-and-incoherent-and-thats-the-point/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118123633/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/18/hong-kong-booksellers-televised-confession-was-absurd-and-incoherent-and-thats-the-point/ |archive-date=18 January 2016 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51624433 |title=Gui Minhai: Hong Kong bookseller gets 10 years jail |date=25 February 2020 |publisher=BBC News}}

Freedom House stated in 2021 that Hongkongers abroad are "relatively new targets of transnational repression".

In 2016, Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Joshua Wong was detained on arrival in Thailand. He had been invited to speak about his Umbrella Movement experience at an event hosted by Chulalongkorn University.{{cite news |last1=Cheung |first1=E. |last2=Phillips |first2=T. |last3=Holmes |first3=O. |title=Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong attacks Thailand after being barred 'at China's request' |date=5 October 2016 |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-attacks-thailand-after-being-barred-at-chinas-request |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005152724/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-attacks-thailand-after-being-barred-at-chinas-request |archive-date=5 October 2016}} A Thai student activist, Netiwit Chotiphatphaisal, said that Thai authorities had received a request from the Chinese government earlier regarding the visit.{{cite news |last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |last2=Malkin |first2=Bonnie |date=5 October 2016 |title=Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong detained in Thailand 'at China's request' – reports |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-detained-thailand-china-deportation |url-status=live |access-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006094152/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-detained-thailand-china-deportation |archive-date=6 October 2016}} After nearly 12 hours' detention, Wong was deported to Hong Kong. Wong claimed that, upon detention, the authorities would say no more than that he had been blacklisted but, just prior to deportation, they informed him that his deportation was pursuant to the Thai Immigration Act.{{cite news |date=5 October 2016 |title=Thai Immigration blacklists Joshua Wong as requested by China |newspaper=The Nation |place=Bangkok, Thailand |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Thai-Immigration-blacklists-Joshua-Wong-as-request-30296926.html |url-status=dead |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010114311/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/breakingnews/Thai-Immigration-blacklists-Joshua-Wong-as-request-30296926.html |archive-date=10 October 2017}}{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Joshua |date=7 October 2016 |title=I'm a pro-democracy activist. Is that why Thailand chose to deport me? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-attacks-thailand-after-being-barred-at-chinas-request |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005152724/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-attacks-thailand-after-being-barred-at-chinas-request |archive-date=5 October 2016 |newspaper=The Guardian}}

The 2020 Hong Kong national security law (NSL) garnered attention to its Article 38, which states that the law also applies to offenses committed against Hong Kong "from outside the Region by a person who is not a permanent resident of the Region."{{cite news |last=Bristow |first=Michael |date=9 November 2020 |title=Hong Kong security law: Why students abroad fear it |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54718434/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109002206/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54718434 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |work=BBC News}}{{cite news |last=Elegant |first=Naomi Xu |title=If you're reading this, Beijing says its new Hong Kong security law applies to you |date=7 July 2020 |url=https://fortune.com/2020/07/07/hong-kong-law-scope-extraterritorial-jurisdiction/ |work=Fortune}}

In a 2021 report, Freedom House wrote: {{Blockquote|text=After large-scale prodemocracy protests broke out in Hong Kong in 2019, advocates traveling to Taiwan were followed, harassed, and attacked with red paint by pro-CCP groups, prompting police protection to be assigned to them. A Singaporean activist was jailed for 10 days in August 2020 for "illegal assembly" because of a Skype call he convened with Joshua Wong in 2016 during a discussion event in Singapore. With Beijing's imposition of a National Security Law on Hong Kong in June 2020, the net around Hong Kongers globally tightened. The law includes a provision with vast extraterritorial reach, potentially criminalizing any speech critical of the Chinese or Hong Kong government made anywhere in the world, including speech by foreign nationals.}}

The Freedom House report cited a news piece from The Guardian to name Samuel Chu "among those who received the first round of arrest warrants under the new law".{{Cite news |last=Gabbatt |first=Adam |date=2020-08-01 |title=China uses Hong Kong security law against US and UK-based activists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/31/china-hong-kong-security-law-american-citizen-exiles |access-date=2 April 2025 |work=The Guardian}} Chu was born in Hong Kong and is a US citizen residing in Los Angeles since 1996.{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/01/china/hong-kong-activists-arrest-warrant-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Hong Kong issues arrest warrants for six overseas democracy activists including US citizen, state media reports |first1=Helen |last1=Regan |first2=Angus |last2=Watson |work=CNN News |date=1 August 2020 |access-date=12 February 2025 |archive-date=18 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218123251/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/01/china/hong-kong-activists-arrest-warrant-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }} He was charged for his advocacy work within the US-based Hong Kong Democracy Council that pushed the US government to impose sanctions against Chinese officials deemed responsible for the erosion of basic freedoms in Hong Kong.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/hong-kongs-exiled-dissidents-become-fugitives-from-china-11596793908/ |title=Hong Kong's Exiled Dissidents Become Fugitives From China |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=7 August 2020 |last=Strumpf |first=Dan |archive-date=8 December 2022 |access-date=5 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208035444/https://www.wsj.com/articles/hong-kongs-exiled-dissidents-become-fugitives-from-china-11596793908 |url-status=live }} Freedom House concluded: "Chu and others like him now must not only avoid traveling to Hong Kong, but also to any country with an extradition treaty with Hong Kong or China."

The Hong Kong Police Force has issued arrest warrants for the following pro-democracy Hongkongers now living abroad—Anna Kwok, Simon Cheng, Ted Hui, Dennis Kwok, Finn Lau, Honcques Laus, Nathan Law, Mung Siu-tat, Ray Wong, Kevin Yam, and Elmer Yuen.{{Cite web |last=Ho |first=Kelly |date=3 July 2023 |title=Hong Kong national security police issue HK$1 million bounty each for 8 self-exiled activists |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2023/07/03/breaking-hong-kong-national-security-police-issue-hk1-million-bounty-each-for-8-self-exiled-activists/ |website=Hong Kong Free Press}}{{Cite news |last1=Hawkins |first1=Amy |last2=Hurst |first2=Daniel |date=2023-07-03 |title=Hong Kong issues arrest warrants for eight overseas democracy activists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/03/hong-kong-issues-arrest-warrants-for-eight-overseas-democracy-activists |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Guardian}} In July 2023, the US Department of State described the bounties on eight of these dissidents as an instance of "transnational repression efforts."{{Cite news |date=July 3, 2023 |title=US Slams Hong Kong Bounties As 'Dangerous' Precedent |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/us-slams-hong-kong-bounties-as-dangerous-precedent-a9056d0e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705013314/https://www.barrons.com/news/us-slams-hong-kong-bounties-as-dangerous-precedent-a9056d0e |archive-date=July 5, 2023 |access-date=July 4, 2023 |work=Barron's |agency=Agence France-Presse}}

The 2022 report by the Center for American Progress asked the US government to promote reforms in Interpol, as the Chinese Ministry of Public Security "uses Interpol to pursue political dissidents via the Red Notice system, counter to the true criminal investigative purposes of the system."

In 2025, The Guardian reported that attorneys for Hong Kong publisher and activist Jimmy Lai have been targeted by phishing attempts linked to the PRC, rape threats, and death threats.{{Cite news |last=Siddique |first=Haroon |date=2025-02-15 |title=UK-based lawyers for Hong Kong activist Jimmy Lai targeted by Chinese state |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/15/uk-based-lawyers-for-hong-kong-activist-jimmy-lai-targeted-by-chinese-state |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=The Guardian}}

{{Main|Persecution of Falun Gong}}

According to Freedom House and the Institute for Strategic Research (IRSEM), practitioners of Falun Gong globally face intense scrutiny under the PRC's transnational repression efforts. Notably, instances of detention involving Falun Gong adherents have been reported in several countries, including Thailand, Indonesia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, etc.{{Cite web |last1=Schenkkan |first1=Nate |last2=Linzer |first2=Isabel |date=February 2021 |title=Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach: The Global Scale and Scope of Transnational Repression |url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202162442/https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/Complete_FH_TransnationalRepressionReport2021_rev020221.pdf |archive-date=2024-02-02 |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Freedom House}} A 2021 IRSEM study alleged 79 separate instances of transnational repression targeting Falun Gong practitioners.Charon, P., & Jeangène Vilmer, J.-B. (2021, October). [https://www.irsem.fr/report.html Chinese influence operations: A Machiavellian moment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804205305/https://www.irsem.fr/report.html|date=2023-08-04}}. Institute for Strategic Research (IRSEM), Ministry for the Armed Forces. According to The Diplomat, Xi Jinping reportedly directed CCP officials in 2022 to intensify efforts to "completely, and on an international scale, suppress Falun Gong's momentum."{{Cite web |last=Nazeer |first=Tasnim |date=February 24, 2025 |title=Leaked CCP Files Expose Global Crackdown on Dissent |url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/02/leaked-ccp-files-expose-global-crackdown-on-dissent/ |access-date=April 7, 2025 |website=The Diplomat}}

Operation Fox Hunt and Operation Sky Net are part of Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign after he came into power in 2014. Their stated goal is to repatriate Chinese fugitives that fled abroad. The operation spans across 56 countries, including countries where China does not have extradition treaties, such as the United States and Canada.{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Matthew |date=November 17, 2014 |title=China's "Fox Hunt" grabs 288 suspects in worldwide anti-graft net |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-corruption-idUSKCN0J118Z20141117/ |website=Reuters |access-date=February 11, 2024 |archive-date=May 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512050326/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-corruption-idUSKCN0J118Z20141117 |url-status=live }} According to Safeguard Defenders, kidnappings and other forms of coercion have been used to repatriate individuals.{{Cite web |last=Alecci |first=Scilla |date=2024-04-16 |title=China relied on extrajudicial means to force thousands of fugitives to repatriate, human rights activists say |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/china-relied-on-extrajudicial-means-to-force-thousands-of-fugitives-to-repatriate-human-rights-activists-say/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=International Consortium of Investigative Journalists |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504180753/https://www.icij.org/investigations/china-cables/china-relied-on-extrajudicial-means-to-force-thousands-of-fugitives-to-repatriate-human-rights-activists-say/ |url-status=live }}

{{Further|Democracy movements of China|Protest and dissent in China}}

China targets the broad group of people with harassments, coercion, disinformation, and threats of violence and death. According to a CNN report on a Chinese online operation, "Victims face a barrage of tens of thousands of social media posts that call them traitors, dogs, and racist and homophobic slurs. They say it's all part of an effort to drive them into a state of constant fear and paranoia."{{Cite web |last1=O'Sullivan |first1=Donie |last2=Devine |first2=Curt |last3=Gordon |first3=Allison |date=2023-11-14 |title=China is using the world's largest known online disinformation operation to harass Americans, a CNN review finds |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/us/china-online-disinformation-invs/index.html |website=CNN |archive-date=2023-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114005321/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/13/us/china-online-disinformation-invs/index.html |url-status=live }} Loyalist diaspora groups have also been used to target dissidents.{{Cite journal |last=Wong |first=Kennedy Chi-Pan |date=2024 |title=Sowing Hate, Cultivating Loyalists: Mobilizing Repressive Nationalist Diasporas for Transnational Repression by the People's Republic of China Regime |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |volume=68 |issue=12 |pages=1655–1678 |doi=10.1177/00027642241267931}}

• Surveillance: Monitoring activities of diaspora communities, employing spyware, stalking, and hacking telecommunications networks.{{Cite web |last1=Rotella |first1=Sebastian |author-link=Sebastian Rotella |last2=Berg |first2=Kirsten |date=2021-07-22 |title=Operation Fox Hunt: How China Exports Repression Using a Network of Spies Hidden in Plain Sight |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/operation-fox-hunt-how-china-exports-repression-using-a-network-of-spies-hidden-in-plain-sight |website=ProPublica |archive-date=2021-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725052245/https://www.propublica.org/article/operation-fox-hunt-how-china-exports-repression-using-a-network-of-spies-hidden-in-plain-sight |url-status=live }}
• Intimidation and threats: Threatening and detaining family members in China to coerce individuals abroad, physical intimidation, death threats, and phone calls.
• Abusive legal practices: Misusing Interpol Red Notices, or filing lawsuits against the victims in the foreign countries they reside.
• Diplomatic pressure: Leveraging diplomatic ties to influence foreign governments.
• Digital harassment: Deploying cyber tactics to track and intimidate individuals.{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=40 Officers of China's National Police Charged in Transnational Repression Schemes Targeting U.S. Residents |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/40-officers-china-s-national-police-charged-transnational-repression-schemes-targeting-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202224645/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/40-officers-china-s-national-police-charged-transnational-repression-schemes-targeting-us |archive-date=2024-02-02 |website=United States Department of Justice}}
• Control of mobility: Withholding or confiscating passports and controlling visa access to limit movement of target groups.
• Forced disappearance and rendition.{{Cite journal |last=Tsourapas |first=Gerasimos |date=2021-08-16 |title=Global Autocracies: Strategies of Transnational Repression, Legitimation, and Co-Optation in World Politics |journal=International Studies Review |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=616–644 |doi=10.1093/isr/viaa061 |issn=1521-9488 |doi-access=free |author-link=Gerasimos Tsourapas}}

• April 2025: Swedish authorities arrested Dilshat Reshit, a Uyghur resident of Stockholm, on suspicion of spying on the Uyghur diaspora in Sweden on behalf of China.{{Cite web |date=2025-04-09 |title=Sweden Detains Man Suspected of Spying on Uighurs for China |url=https://swedenherald.com/article/man-detained-for-alleged-espionage-on-uyghur-community-for-china |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Sweden Herald |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=April 9, 2025 |title=Man detained in Sweden on suspicion of spying on Uyghurs for China |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/swedish-prosecutor-seeks-detention-man-suspected-spying-uyghurs-china-2025-04-09/ |access-date=April 11, 2025 |work=Reuters}} According to the World Uyghur Congress, Reshit had served as its Chinese-language spokesperson since 2004. The World Uyghur Congress removed Reshit and issued a warning about the extensive influence of Chinese espionage networks.{{Cite web |date=2025-04-10 |title=Man accused of spying on Uyghurs in Sweden was exiled group's spokesman |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/uyghur/2025/04/10/uyghur-sweden-spy/ |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Radio Free Asia |language=en}}
• December 2024: The U.S. Department of Justice arrested Los Angeles resident Yaoning "Mike" Sun for acting as an illegal PRC agent to influence U.S. local politicians on issues related to Taiwan and Falun Gong. Sun, who served as a campaign manager and business partner for a Southern California politician, was also charged with conspiring with John Chen, previously sentenced for acting as an illegal PRC agent and targeting U.S.-based Falun Gong practitioners. One of their goals was to undermine U.S. support for Falun Gong and pro-democracy movements.{{Cite news |last1=Fry |first1=Hannah |last2=Winton |first2=Richard |date=December 19, 2024 |title=Chinese government planted agent in SoCal with mission to influence local government, feds allege |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-19/la-me-usattorney-china-los-angeles |access-date=December 27, 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times}}
• July 2024: The U.S. Department of Justice charged Ping Li, a resident of Florida and an immigrant from China, with conspiring to act as an undisclosed Chinese agent. Li has resided in the U.S. for 30 years and was an employee of telecommunications and information technology companies at different times. According to the press release, since around 2012, Li served as a contact working under the direction of China's Ministry of State Security (MSS), which is in charge of civilian intelligence collection. Li has obtained and provided to the MSS information regarding Chinese dissidents, pro-democracy advocates, members of Falun Gong, non-governmental organizations in the U.S., as well as his employers.{{Cite web |date=2024-07-24 |title=Florida Telecommunications and Information Technology Worker Charged with Acting as Agent of PRC Government |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/florida-telecommunications-and-information-technology-worker-charged-acting-agent-prc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727041522/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/florida-telecommunications-and-information-technology-worker-charged-acting-agent-prc |archive-date=2024-07-27 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=United States Department of Justice |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Dan |date=July 24, 2024 |title=Indictment accuses Pasco man of acting as Chinese government agent |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/pasco/2024/07/24/china-agent-indictment-florida-ping-li-falun-gong/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731113024/https://www.tampabay.com/news/pasco/2024/07/24/china-agent-indictment-florida-ping-li-falun-gong/ |archive-date=2024-07-31 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en}} In November 2024, Li was sentenced to 48 months in prison, a $250,000 fine and three years of supervised release after his prison term.{{Cite web |last=Grissom |first=Jake |date=2024-11-25 |title=Wesley Chapel Man Sentenced For Acting As A Chinese Spy |url=https://www.tampafp.com/wesley-chapel-man-sentenced-for-acting/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=www.tampafp.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219180637/https://www.tampafp.com/wesley-chapel-man-sentenced-for-acting/ |url-status=live }}
• December 2023: Hong Kong Police issued a reward of 1 million Hong Kong dollars ($128,000) for information on five individuals involved in the 2019 Hong Kong protests against China's National Security Law, including a U.S. citizen. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken criticized this initiative, calling it an act of transnational repression and referring to it as a "bounty list," and expressed the United States' rejection of such attempts to intimidate and target those who advocate for freedom and democracy.{{Cite news |last= |date=2023-12-14 |title=Hong Kong puts arrest bounties on five overseas activists including US citizen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/14/hong-kong-puts-arrest-bounties-on-five-overseas-activists-including-us-citizen |access-date=2024-08-19 |work=The Guardian}}{{Cite news |last=Vinall |first=Frances |date=2023-12-16 |title=Blinken denounces Hong Kong government's bounties on overseas activists |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/16/hong-kong-activists-bounty-blinken/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218075409/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/16/hong-kong-activists-bounty-blinken/ |archive-date=2023-12-18 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}{{Cite web |date=16 December 2023 |title=US's Blinken condemns Hong Kong authorities over bounties for activists |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/16/us-blinken-condemns-hong-kong-authorities-over-bounties-for-activists |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111153213/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/16/us-blinken-condemns-hong-kong-authorities-over-bounties-for-activists |url-status=live }}
• November 2023: During the APEC United States 2023 summit in San Francisco, pro-CCP supporters attacked Chinese, Hong Kong, and Tibetan dissident protesters. According to The Washington Post, some of them have ties with various united front groups. U.S. officials and human rights groups have described the events as an example of PRC transnational repression.{{Cite news |last1=Mahtani |first1=Shibani |last2=Kelly |first2=Meg |last3=Brown |first3=Cate |last4=Cadell |first4=Cate |last5=Nakashima |first5=Ellen |author-link5=Ellen Nakashima |last6=Dehghanpoor |first6=Chris |date=3 September 2024 |title=How China extended its repression into an American city |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2024/chinese-communist-party-us-repression-xi-jinping-apec/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904041741/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2024/chinese-communist-party-us-repression-xi-jinping-apec/ |archive-date=4 September 2024 |access-date=5 September 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post |quote=While there was aggression from both sides, the most extreme violence was instigated by pro-CCP activists and carried out by coordinated groups of young men embedded among them, verified videos show.}}{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Rowan |date=September 16, 2024 |title=Investigating State Attacks on Exiles: Lessons from The Washington Post's 'Repression's Long Arm' Series |url=https://gijn.org/stories/lessons-from-washington-posts-repressions-long-arm-series/ |access-date=2024-11-23 |website=Global Investigative Journalism Network |language=en-US}}
• June 2023: Yong Zhu, a New York resident, was convicted of acting as an illegal foreign agent, stalking, and conspiracy to commit stalking to bully a former Chinese official in New Jersey into returning to China as part of CCP's Operation Fox Hunt. In January 2025, Zhu was sentenced to two years in prison.{{Cite news |last=Peltz |first=Jennifer |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Man gets 2 years in US prison for aiding pushy effort to get ex-official to return to China |url=https://apnews.com/article/china-repatriation-operation-fox-hunt-sentencing-zhu-cf29bbe4333427cae52660adf4a53b92 |access-date=January 16, 2025 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=January 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115231933/https://apnews.com/article/china-repatriation-operation-fox-hunt-sentencing-zhu-cf29bbe4333427cae52660adf4a53b92 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Peltz |first=Jennifer |date=June 20, 2023 |title=3 men convicted in US trial that scrutinized China's 'Operation Fox Hunt' repatriation campaign |url=https://apnews.com/article/china-repatriation-operation-fox-hunt-trial-new-york-01f96f6952e772efb5814c12316922dc |access-date=January 16, 2025 |work=Associated Press}}
• May 2023: the U.S. Department of Justice charged Los Angeles residents John Chen (aka Chen Jun) and Lin Feng with "acting and conspiring to act in the United States as unregistered agents of the People's Republic of China (PRC), conspiring to bribe and bribing a public official, and conspiracy to commit money laundering." The two were allegedly part of a PRC government-directed scheme that attempted to manipulate the Internal Revenue Service's Whistleblower Program in order to strip the tax-exempt status of a U.S. entity run by Falun Gong practitioners. Chen first filed a defective whistleblower complaint with the IRS. The two then paid $5,000 in cash bribes to a purported IRS official who was an undercover agent, and promised to pay substantially more for the official's assistance in advancing the complaint.{{Cite web |last=Estlund |first=Michelle |date=2023-07-25 |title=China: how the government of the PRC uses Red Notices improperly to pursue people (part 1 of 2) |url=https://www.rednoticelawjournal.com/2023/07/china-how-the-chinese-government-improperly-pursues-people-using-red-notices-part-1-of-2/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Red Notice Law Journal |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213182347/https://www.rednoticelawjournal.com/2023/07/china-how-the-chinese-government-improperly-pursues-people-using-red-notices-part-1-of-2/ |url-status=live }} On July 24 and 25, 2024, the two pleaded guilty to acting as unregistered agents of a foreign government and bribing a public official.{{Cite web |last=Coote |first=Darryl |date=July 26, 2024 |title=Two men plead guilty in China-backed scheme targeting Falun Gong |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/07/26/two-arrested-Falun-Gong/7711721961814/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726053848/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2024/07/26/two-arrested-Falun-Gong/7711721961814/ |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |website=United Press International}} Feng received a time-served sentence of 16 months in prison on September 26, 2024. On November 19, 2024, Chen was sentenced to 20 months.{{Cite news |last=Kiszla |first=Cameron |date=November 22, 2024 |title=Chinese agent who targeted Shen Yun group gets 20 months in prison |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/chinese-agent-targeted-shen-yun-172840247.html?guccounter=1 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |work=Yahoo |archive-date=December 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210022722/https://www.yahoo.com/news/chinese-agent-targeted-shen-yun-172840247.html%3Fguccounter%3D1 |url-status=live }}
• April 2023: In a press release, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it had charged 40 officers from China's national police in cases involving transnational repression schemes targeting individuals in the United States. These officers, who are believed to reside in China and other parts of Asia, face charges related to illegal harassment using fake social media accounts and censoring online meetings.{{Cite news |last=Honderich |first=Holly |date=2023-04-17 |title=FBI makes arrests over alleged secret Chinese 'police stations' in New York |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65305415 |access-date=2025-02-12 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417214856/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65305415 |url-status=live }}
• April 2023: Lu Jianwang and Chen Jinping were charged in New York City for operating an illegal police station on behalf of China's Ministry of Public Security. Chen pleaded guilty in December 2024 to a charge of conspiracy to act as a PRC agent.{{Cite web |last=Katersky |first=Aaron |date=December 18, 2024 |title=Man pleads guilty to operating secret Chinese police station in NYC |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/guilty-plea-expected-secret-chinese-police-station-case/story?id=116907684 |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=ABC News (United States)}}
• April 2023: In a report published by the University of Sheffield, the authors noted several case studies of Chinese transnational repression of Uyghurs:

1. Najmudin Ablet traveled to Turkey from Xinjiang in 2016. His family members were later detained and sentenced by Chinese authorities. He was contacted by the Chinese police in 2019 offering him a glimpse of his family and proposing cooperation in exchange for their release, involving spying on Uyghurs in Turkey. Skeptical of their credibility, Ablet refused the proposal.
2. Erbaqyt Otarbay, an ethnic Kazakh from Xinjiang, endured conditions akin to those faced by Uyghurs during his internment from July 27, 2017, to May 23, 2019. Upon release, he was coerced into signing a nondisclosure agreement about the camp's operations. Despite this, Otarbay shared his ordeal upon his return to Kazakhstan, where he faced harassment from both Xinjiang and Kazakhstan authorities through calls and visits. Seeking refuge from this intimidation, he ultimately escaped to the UK, where he testified about his experiences at the Uyghur Tribunal on September 12, 2021.

• May 2016: A last-minute court ruling in Seoul canceled a series of music and dance performances by Shen Yun scheduled for the KBS hall. According to a Freedom House analyst, Shen Yun presents traditional Chinese culture, such as stories from classics and scenes from imperial dynasties, alongside portrayals of religious persecution of Falun Gong in today's world. The court's ruling cited "threats by the Chinese embassy aimed at the theater owner, including implicit references to financial reprisals if the shows go on as planned."{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Sarah |date=May 9, 2016 |title=The Long Arm of Chinese Censorship Reaches South Korea |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/the-long-arm-of-chinese-censorship-reaches-south-korea/ |website=The Diplomat |archive-date=December 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201221735/https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/the-long-arm-of-chinese-censorship-reaches-south-korea/ |url-status=live }}
• 2014: Operation Fox Hunt started under Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign. Chinese operators in the US had stalked, threatened U.S. residents and their relatives, including pressuring immigrants to become spies. The U.S. has been bringing cases against some Chinese operators with federal crimes.{{Cite web |last=Beech |first=Samantha |date=2022-10-21 |title=US charges seven Chinese nationals in alleged plot to bring fugitive back to China |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/20/china/us-justice-department-charged-china-fugitive-family-intl-hnk/index.html |website=CNN |archive-date=2022-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102003647/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/20/china/us-justice-department-charged-china-fugitive-family-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=3 Men Convicted in US Trial that Scrutinized China's 'Operation Fox Hunt' Repatriation Campaign |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/men-convicted-in-us-trial-that-scrutinized-china-s-operation-fox-hunt-repatriation-campaign-/7145356.html |website=Voice of America |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630070044/http://www.voanews.com/a/men-convicted-in-us-trial-that-scrutinized-china-s-operation-fox-hunt-repatriation-campaign-/7145356.html |url-status=live }}

{{See also|United States sanctions against China|Global Magnitsky Act|Executive Order 13936#Sanctions}}

• The FBI adopted a definition of "The China Threat", and launched a website for victims to report such acts by foreign governments.{{Cite magazine |date=2 October 2023 |title=The Long Arm of Transnational Repression |url=https://time.com/6319450/transnational-repression-nijjar-khashoggi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220185804/https://time.com/6319450/transnational-repression-nijjar-khashoggi/ |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=20 February 2024 |magazine=Time}}
• In 2022, the U.K. government established a Defending Democracy Taskforce. One of this Taskforce's goals was to address foreign states' efforts to suppress free expression in the diaspora communities.
• The Transnational Repression Policy Act was introduced by a group of bipartisan Senators on March 16, 2023.{{Cite web |last=Weine |first=Kate |date=2023-03-24 |title=US Lawmakers Tackle Transnational Repression |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/03/24/us-lawmakers-tackle-transnational-repression |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418191323/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/03/24/us-lawmakers-tackle-transnational-repression |archive-date=2023-04-18 |website=Human Rights Watch}}{{Needs update|date=March 2025|reason=Did the legislation pass or fail?}}
• The U.S. government under the Obama Administration warned and negotiated with China about their Fox Hunt operations on US soil.{{Cite news |last1=Mazzetti |first1=Mark |last2=Levin |first2=Dan |date=2015-08-16 |title=Obama Administration Warns Beijing About Covert Agents Operating in U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/17/us/politics/obama-administration-warns-beijing-about-agents-operating-in-us.html |work=The New York Times |archive-date=2021-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324054930/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/17/us/politics/obama-administration-warns-beijing-about-agents-operating-in-us.html |url-status=live }}
• In April 2023, the Justice Department charged 40 Chinese national police officers on accounts of targeting dissidents in transnational repression efforts.{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=Chinese agents accused of running illegal operations in NYC |url=https://www.bostonherald.com/2023/04/17/chinese-government-agents-accused-of-running-illegal-overseas-police-station-in-new-york-city/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Boston Herald |language=en-US}}
• In February 2024, police in Istanbul, Turkey detained six individuals suspected of espionage activities against Uyghurs on behalf of China's intelligence forces, while searching for another suspect. The seven individuals were believed to have been spying on and obtaining information on notable Uyghurs as well as related associations in Turkey.{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2024 |title=Turkey detains six suspected of spying on Uyghurs for China |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-six-suspected-spying-uyghurs-china-2024-02-20/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240221002628/https://www.reuters.com/world/turkey-detains-six-suspected-spying-uyghurs-china-2024-02-20/ |archive-date=21 February 2024 |website=Reuters}}{{Cite web |title=Turkey detains 6 for allegedly spying on Uyghurs for China |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Turkey-detains-6-for-allegedly-spying-on-Uyghurs-for-China |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220182124/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Turkey-detains-6-for-allegedly-spying-on-Uyghurs-for-China |url-status=live }}
• In February 2024, Madrid-based human rights group Safeguard Defenders launched a center to provide free legal assistance to dissidents and activists facing transnational repression by China.{{Cite news |date=February 20, 2024 |title=Group launches legal center to fight China's 'long-arm' enforcement |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/legal-center-02202024093204.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221034944/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/legal-center-02202024093204.html |archive-date=February 21, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=Radio Free Asia}}
• In response to Operation Fox Hunt, in November 2024, Texas governor Greg Abbott ordered the Texas Department of Public Safety to arrest those attempting to conduct influence operations to return dissidents to China.{{Cite web |last=Barragán |first=James |date=2024-11-18 |title=Gov. Greg Abbott issues executive order targeting Chinese government operatives in Texas |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2024/11/18/greg-abbott-chinese-government-dissidents-operation-fox-hunt/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}
• In March 2025, Uyghur activists filed a lawsuit in France alleging that the Chinese embassy in Paris engaged in transnational repression against them.{{Cite news |date=March 17, 2025 |title=Uyghur activists in France re-file transnational repression case in Paris court |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/uyghur/2025/03/17/uyghur-france-transnational-repression-case/ |access-date=March 17, 2025 |work=Radio Free Asia}}
• In March 2025, the U.S. Department of State sanctioned six Chinese and Hong Kong officials who were alleged to engage in transnational repression for attempting "to intimidate, silence, and harass 19 pro-democracy activists who were forced to flee overseas".{{Cite web |last=Leung |first=Kanis |date=2025-04-01 |title=US sanctions 6 Chinese and Hong Kong officials over rights abuses. Beijing threatens to retaliate |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-sanctions-hong-kong-china-officials-ed07f314f1f19ee825e0b162822f04c2 |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Martina |first=Michael |last2=Pang |first2=Jessie |date=April 1, 2025 |title=US sanctions six Chinese and Hong Kong officials for rights abuses |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-sanctions-six-chinese-hong-kong-officials-rights-abuses-2025-03-31/ |access-date=April 1, 2025 |work=Reuters}}

• Conspiracy against rights
• Extraterritorial operation
• United front (China)
• Hidden front

• [https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/counterintelligence/transnational-repression FBI: Counterintelligence - Transnational Repression]

Category:Political repression

Category:Authoritarianism

Category:Chinese diaspora

Category:Chinese imperialism

Category:Foreign relations of China

Category:Persecution of Uyghurs

Category:Falun Gong