Treason Act 1554

The long title was "An Acte wherby certayne Offences bee made Treasons; and also for the Government of the Kinges and Quenes Majesties Issue."{{efn|These words are printed against this act in the second column of schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, which is headed "Title".}} The words in the long title of the act from "and also" were repealed on 30 July 1948 by section 1 of, and the first schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.

{{see also|Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain}}

The act provided legal protection to King Philip, who had married Queen Mary I on 25 July 1554 and became co-monarch of England and Ireland. It became an offence to "compass or imagine to deprive the King's Majesty from the having with the Queen the style, honour and kingly name, or to destroy the King, or to levy war within this realm against the King or Queen," or to say that the King ought not to have his title. The penalty for a first offence was forfeiture of goods and "perpetual imprisonment". A second offence was high treason. However to "compass or imagine the death of the King" or to remove him from government was high treason on a first offence.

The act also declared that if Mary died and her heir was not yet 18 if male, or was under 15 and unmarried if female, then Philip would govern the realm until the heir to the throne came of age (or was married, if female). In that event, it would be treason to "compass, attempt, and go about to destroy the person of the King, or to remove his Highness from the government".

Section 7 of the act required trials for "any treason" (not just treason under this act) to be conducted in accordance with the common law, "and not otherwise".

Section 8 of the act provided that the concealment or keeping secret of treason constituted misprision of treason but not treason:

{{boxquote|Provided always, and be it declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that concealment or keeping secret of any high treason be deemed and taken only misprision of treason, and the offenders therein to forfeit and suffer, as in cases of misprision of treason hath heretofore been used; any thing above mentioned to the contrary notwithstanding.}}

Section 9 of the act preserved privilege of peerage — the right of peers of the realm to be tried by their peers. Section 10 stipulated that offences against the Act which were committed "only by preaching or words" must be prosecuted within six months.

Section 11 of the act created a new rule of evidence for cases of treason under the act (but not other treasons). It required all of the witnesses against the defendant (or at least two of them) to attend court to give evidence against him in person, "if living and within the realm". (The rule did not apply if the defendant pleaded guilty.) Different versions of this two witnesses rule were adopted in the Sedition Act 1661 (13 Cha. 2 St. 1. c. 1), the Treason Act 1695, and eventually in Article Three of the United States Constitution. The rule was first enacted in the Treason Act 1547.1 Ed. 6 c. 12, s. 22

Section 12 of the act made similar provision to section 7.

Section 13 of the act provided the rule for how accessories were to be treated for aiding and abetting a crime for which the penalty depended on whether it was the defendant's first or second offence. An accessory was to receive the same penalty as the principal offender, regardless of whether the accessory had committed the offence before.

The whole act, except sections 6 and 8, was repealed on 28 July 1863 by section 1 of, and the schedule to, Statute Law Revision Act 1863.

The whole act was repealed on 1 January 1968 by section 10(2) of, and part I of schedule 3 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967.

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Treason Act 1556

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of Ireland

| long_title = An Act whereby certein Offences be made Treasons; and also for the Government of the King and Queen's Majestie's Issue.

| year = 1556

| citation = 3 & 4 Phil. & Mar. c. 11 (I)

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File:Philip & Mary Irish groat 602446.jpg of 1557 depicting Philip and Mary as joint monarchs]]

The act was adopted by the Parliament of Ireland as the {{visible anchor|Treason Act 1556}} (3 & 4 Phil. & Mar. c. 11 (I)).[http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1962/act/29/schedule/1/enacted/en/HTML "Irish Statute Book" website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529182634/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1962/act/29/schedule/1/enacted/en/html |date=2016-05-29 }}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Traitorous Words Act 1554

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for the Punishment of Traiterous Words against the Queen.

| year = 1554

| citation = 1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 9

| territorial_extent = England and Wales

| royal_assent = 16 January 1555

| commencement = 12 November 1554{{efn|Start of session.}}

| repeal_date = 28 July 1863

| repealing_legislation = Statute Law Revision Act 1863

| related_legislation = Counterfeit Coin Act 1554

| status = Repealed

| original_text = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915519&seq=342

| collapsed = yes

}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Counterfeit Coin Act 1554

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for the Punishment of bringing in of counterfeit Coin of Foreign Realms, being current within this Realm.

| year = 1554

| citation = 1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 11

| territorial_extent = England and Wales

| royal_assent = 16 January 1555

| commencement = 20 January 1555{{efn|Section 1.}}

| repeal_date = 1 May 1832

| repealing_legislation = Coinage Offences Act 1832

| related_legislation = Treason Act 1547

| status = Repealed

| original_text = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915519&seq=346

| collapsed = yes

}}

Two other acts concerning treason were passed in 1554, the Traitorous Words Act 1554 (1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 9) and Counterfeit Coin Act 1554 (1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 11).

The former made it treason to "pray or desire that God will shorten the Queen's days".{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge02raitgoog |title=Traitorous Words Act 1554 |via=Internet Archive |last1=Tomlins |first1=Thomas Edlyne |last2=Raithby |first2=John |year=1811 |trans-title=1 & 2 Phil. II. & Mar. I. – A.D. 1554 Chapter IX |series=The Statutes at Large, of England and of Great Britain: from Magna Carta to the Union of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=IV |location=London, Great Britain |publisher=George Eyre and Andrew Strahan |oclc=15609908 |page=[https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge02raitgoog/page/n110 54]}} The latter made it treason to import counterfeit coins and returned the rules of evidence to what they had been before the Treason Act 1547 (1 Edw. 6. c. 12).{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge02raitgoog |title=Counterfeit Coin Act 1554 |via=Internet Archive |last1=Tomlins |first1=Thomas Edlyne |last2=Raithby |first2=John |year=1811 |trans-title=1 & 2 Phil. II. & Mar. I. – A.D. 1554 Chapter XI |series=The Statutes at Large, of England and of Great Britain: from Magna Carta to the Union of the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=IV |location=London, Great Britain |publisher=George Eyre and Andrew Strahan |oclc=15609908 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge02raitgoog/page/n116 60]–61}}

• High treason in the United Kingdom
• Treason Act

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://books.google.com/books?id=dvouAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA53 The Treason Act 1554], Danby Pickering, The Statutes at Large, 1763, vol. 6, pp. 53 – 55 (from Google Book Search)

{{English legislation}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Acts of the Parliament of England 1554

Category:Repealed English legislation

Category:Treason in England

Category:Treason Acts