Treaty of Senlis
{{Short description|1493 treaty between Austria and France}}
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File:Karte Haus Burgund 5.png (1477–1482–1493){{Col-begin}}
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{{legend|#9966CC|Taken by France in 1477}}
{{legend|Orange|Kept by Mary of Burgundy, and secured for her son Philip, by the Treaty of Arras (1482)}}
{{Legend striped|#9966CC|orange|Returned to Philip in 1493, by the Treaty of Senlis}}
{{legend|#bdcb1e|Domains of John II, Count of Nevers|up=yes}}
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The Treaty of Senlis concerning the Burgundian succession was signed at the French city of Senlis on 23 May 1493, between King Charles VIII of France and Maximilian I, at the time King of the Romans and future Holy Roman Emperor, who acted on behalf of his young son Philip the Handsome, the Habsburg claimant to the Burgundian inheritance. The treaty contained 48 clauses, dealing with various political, dynastic and territorial questions that were previously addressed by the Treaty of Arras (1482).
Background
After the last Valois-Burgundy Duke Charles the Bold had died without male heir at the 1477 Battle of Nancy,{{sfn|Haemers|2009|p=21-26}} his cousin Louis XI of France was determined to come into his inheritance, especially the Duchy of Burgundy and the thriving County of Flanders.{{sfn|Saenger|1977|p=1-26}}
However, Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, and her husband Maximilian also claimed their rights, which led to clashes of arms culminating at the 1479 Battle of Guinegate, concluded in favor of Mary and Maximilian. Nevertheless, Mary died in 1482 and her claims were inherited by her son Philip, who was still a child and thus under the guardianship of his father Maximilian.{{sfn|Parker|2019|p=7}}
According to the Treaty of Arras (1482), Maximilian had to cede the County of Burgundy, the County of Artois, the County of Charolais and several other lordships to France as dowry for the proposed marriage of their young daughter Margaret, with Louis' son Charles, who became the new king of France in 1483.{{sfn|Saenger|1977|p=12-14, 24}}{{sfn|Potter|1995|p=252}}
In 1491, the French king Charles VIII renounced the engagement with Margaret, and married Anne of Brittany who was at that time married in proxy to Maximilian. Thus the question of possession over territories regarded as the Margaret's dowry was reopened, and Maximilian urged the return of his daughter and the retrieval of all those lands. In 1493, Charles VIII, stuck in the conflict with King Alfonso II of Naples, finally had to acknowledge the claims.
Contents
File:Biens Marguerite Autriche.png's dowry, as defined in 1482 by the Treaty of Arras, and redistributed in 1493 by the Treaty of Senlis]]
By the Treaty of Senlis, all hostilities between France and the Habsburgs were officially over. Most of the disputed territories of the Margaret's dowry (counties of Burgundy, Artois, Charolais and some other minor territories) were returned to Habsburgs and relinquished to her brother Philip the Handsome.
The Duchy of Burgundy (with capital Dijon, not to be confused with the Free County of Burgundy with capital Dole), which was seized by France since 1477, remained in French hands.
The Treaty of Senlis had 48 articles, called "items":{{sfn|Dumont|1726|pp=303–308}}
{{plainlist|
- 1. Peace has been made between the King of France and the Holy Roman Emperor.
- 2–3, 13. The position of Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy.
- 4. Promise of friendship between Charles VIII of France and Philip of Austria.
- 5–9. The counties of Burgundy ("Bourgogne"), Artois, Charolais ("Charolois") and lordship of Noyers ("Seigneurie de Noiers"), will be given back to the Holy Roman Emperor, but the cities and castles of Hesdin, Aire and Béthune ("Betune"), remain in the possession of the King of France.
- 10. The Houses of Flanders, Artois and Conflans are given back to and delivered to the Holy Roman Emperor.
- 11. The King of France will enjoy the counties of Mâcon ("Mâconnois"), Auxerre ("Auxerrois") and the lordship of Bar-sur-Seine.
- 18. This peace treaty has been concluded with the consent and agreement of the Bishop of Cambrai, the Count of Cambrésis, its clergy, towns and castles.}}
Returning to Habsburg feudal possession, Artois and Flanders were in time detached from the French formal suzerainty and officially annexed into the Holy Roman Empire.{{sfn|Headley|1983|p=103-104}} However, France was still able to retain powerful legal claims and outposts in both provinces, until the final settlements in 1526 and 1529.{{sfn|Potter|1995|pp=255}}
See also
References
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Sources
{{Refbegin|2}}
- {{Cite book|last=Dumont|first=Jean|author-link=Jean Dumont (publicist)|title=Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gens|year=1726|volume=III (2)|location=Amsterdam|publisher=Brunel & Wetstein|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l5hTKKsAUN0C&pg=PP1}}
- {{Cite book|last=Haemers|first=Jelle|title=For the Common Good: State Power and Urban Revolts in the Reign of Mary of Burgundy (1477-1482)|year=2009|location=Turnhout|publisher=Brepols|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IvrAAAAMAAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last=Haemers|first=Jelle|chapter=A troubled marriage: Maximilian and the Low Countries|title=Per tot discrimina rerum: Maximilian I (1459-1519)|year=2022|location=Wien|publisher=Böhlau|pages=421–431|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jI4BzwEACAAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last=Headley|first=John M.|title=The Emperor and His Chancellor: A Study of the Imperial Chancellery Under Gattinara|year=1983|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQA9AAAAIAAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last=Holleger|first=Manfred|title=Maximilian I. (1459-1519): Herrscher und Mensch einer Zeitenwende|year=2005|location=Stuttgart|publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzRoAAAAMAAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|author-link=Geoffrey Parker (historian)|title=Emperor: A New Life of Charles V|year=2019|location=New Haven and London|publisher=Yale University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eaaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3}}
- {{Cite book|last=Potter|first=David L.|title=A History of France, 1460–1560: The Emergence of a Nation|year=1995|location=Basingstoke|publisher=Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=En0RkAEACAAJ}}
- {{Cite book|last1=Prevenier|first1=Walter|last2=Blockmans|first2=Wim|title=The Burgundian Netherlands|year=1986|location=New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EiglPQAACAAJ}}
- {{Cite journal|last=Saenger|first=Paul|title=Burgundy and the Inalienability of Appanages in the Reign of Louis XI|journal=French Historical Studies|year=1977|volume=10|number=1|pages=1–26|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/286114}}
- {{Cite book|last=Stein|first=Robert|title=Magnanimous Dukes and Rising States: The Unification of the Burgundian Netherlands, 1380–1480|year=2017|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YEjDgAAQBAJ&pg=PR3}}
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External links
- [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-534601/Treaty-of-Senlis Britannica - Treaty of Senlis]
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03068a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia - Burgundy]
- [https://archives.cotedor.fr/v2/site/AD21/Apprendre/Atelier_du_chancelier_Rolin/Paleographie/Groupe_confirmes/Documents_etudies_en_2008-2009/Documents_1_a_3_-_Le_traite_de_Senlis_23_mai_1493_ Original 1494 correspondence on the difficulties of the application of the Treaty of Senlis]
Category:1490s in the Holy Roman Empire
Category:France–Holy Roman Empire relations