Trefor Prest

{{Short description|Welsh-born Australian sculptor, born 1945}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}

Trefor Prest (26 June 1945, Cardiff, UK) is a Welsh-born Australian sculptor living in Victoria since 1961. He produces highly-finished intricate and puzzling, often humorous, quasi-mechanical or machine-age constructions that are the subject of solo shows in major public and commercial galleries and feature in national and international group exhibitions, including the Mildura Sculpture Triennials.Germaine, Max. Artists and Galleries of Australia, Volumes 1 & 2, Third Edition. Craftsman Press, Sydney, 1990. Page 557

Biography

Trefor Geraint Prest was born on 26 June 1945 in Cardiff to John and Olive Prest (nee Hamlin), a teacher, and spent his childhood in Barrow a major South Wales coal port ,{{Cite web|last=Printmaking|first=Prints and|title=Trefor Prest|url=https://www.printsandprintmaking.gov.au/artists/15289/#map|access-date=2021-08-22|website=www.printsandprintmaking.gov.au|language=en}} and was the sole sibling of younger sister Lynda. Memory of the town's extensive industrial landscapes and its machinery were to become an inspiration for Prest's sculpture. He studied at the Croydon College of Art in 1960, but was expelled from the course before migrating with his family to Australia on 2 May 1961 when he was sixteen on the S.S. Fairsky from Southampton under the Assisted Passage Migration Scheme.{{Cite web|title=RecordSearch {{!}} National Archives of Australia|url=https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/SessionTimeout.aspx|access-date=2021-08-22|website=National Archives of Australia}}

He was conscripted into the Australian army, and while a student living in Lytton Street, Glenroy and completing a Diploma of Art (sculpture) at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School, he and Stephen Benwell were charged and fined $50 for pasting posters advertising the 1971 Vietnam Moratorium march on walls and front windows of the new Gallery building. Three female accomplices were not fined and Lenton Parr, principal of the National Gallery Art School, was reported as saying; "there was no damage to the building, so the trustees were prepared to overlook the matter," and "the trustees believe it a pity the matter had not been referred to me originally.""2 students fined on Gallery poster charges," The Age, Saturday 7 Aug 1971, p.24

Prest completed his diploma in 1973;{{Citation | author1=Pascoe, Joseph | author2=Zimmer, Jenny | author3=Pascoe, Joseph | author4=University of Melbourne. Faculty of the VCA and Music | title=Creating : the Victorian College of the Arts | date=2000 | page=96| publisher=Macmillan | edition= | isbn=978-0-9585743-8-9}} a single arts subject, Modern European History, at La Trobe University, Melbourne;{{Cite web|last=Geocaching|title=Geocaching - The Official Global GPS Cache Hunt Site|url=http://www.geocaching.com/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=www.geocaching.com|language=en}} and welding and structural drawing, at the RMIT during 1972-74; and undertook graduate studies at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School during 1974-75. He started exhibiting in 1971.{{Cite book|last=Scarlett|first=Ken|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6943806|title=Australian sculptors|date=1980|page=532|publisher=Thomas Nelson (Australia)|isbn=0-17-005292-3|location=West Melbourne, Vic.|oclc=6943806}}

While studying, Prest visited the Cape Schanck area to enjoy diving and solitude, and in the early 1970s purchased a building block there for $500 on which he practised his welding in constructing a small underground building with second-hand materials that he brought from Melbourne on his motor-bike. After the 1980s it fell into disrepair and he sold the block. During 1974 Prest travelled and studied in the UK and Europe and again in 1976, visiting the UK, Europe, Middle East, and Asia.McCulloch, Alan McCulloch, Susan McCulloch, Emily McCulloch-Childs. The New McCulloch's Encyclopedia of Australian Art. 4th Edition, Aus Art Melbourne & The Miegunyah Press, 2006. Page 795

In 1982 Prest, his wife Belinda, an artist and dance and yoga teacher whom he met at the Gallery School, and their family of three, moved from a hilly rural block Kalorama in the Dandenongs to Sandon in Central Victoria.Kerry Anderson, Neil Lorimer (photographs), "Industrial Evolution", Australian Country Style, December 1997, p.94-7 He was employed at Barkla Engineering in Newstead making truck trays, and has for 30 years been an active volunteer in the Country Fire Authority Newstead brigade. After six months in Sandon he moved to renovate and expand an 1890 miner's cottage on 12Ha in Strangways and to concentrate on his sculpture and family.Interview, Castlemaine Mail, Friday 20 August 2021, p.2{{Cite journal|last=Andrews|first=Russell|date=November 1997|title=Blame it on the donkey!|journal=The Owner Builder|publisher=Russell Andrews & Assoc|volume=83|pages=6–10|issn=0728-7275|oclc=320857715}}

Prest lectured in Sculpture at the University of Ballarat from 1995-1996.{{Cite web|title=Photograph - Black and White, The University of Ballarat Mace, 1996|url=https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/5567fc982162f81360bd0a09|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Victorian Collections|language=en}}

Style and reception

File:Desire - Trefor Prest.jpg

Prest's work, produced using engineering techniques including forging, turning, riveting, pressing and welding with some woodworking and sewing,BARLOW, G., 2010, 28 Jul. For art's sake, Trefor's pedal is Prest to the metal. The Weekly Times, 91. ISSN 0817-1939. and made from scrap iron, brass and copper with some wooden and canvas elements, is mechanical in appearance and structure, though it is based on the human form.{{Cite web|title=Regional Arts Victoria|url=http://www.rav.net.au/members-and-networks/profile/trefor-prest|access-date=2021-08-22|website=www.rav.net.au|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Sculpture|first=Trefor Prest|title=Trefor Prest Sculpture|url=https://strangwayssculpture.wordpress.com/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Trefor Prest Sculpture|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Trefor Prest|url=https://news.artsopen.com.au/artist/trefor-prest/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Arts Open: Visual Arts Festival|language=en-US}} His early experiences of the Welsh docks provided inspiration for the machine-like, and sometimes operable, structures he makes.{{cite journal |last1=Bak |first1=Henk |title=Maritime sculptures |journal=Craft Arts International |date=January 1995 |issue=34 |pages=84–86 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.951110224 }} Critic Sasha Grishin responds to the humour in Prest works like Dogger Bank. His work has been described as "mechanically perfect but functionally absurd machines,"{{cite journal |last1=Sturgeon |first1=Graeme |title=In Pursuit of the Idea: Recent Australian Sculpture |journal=Meanjin |date=July 1980 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=212–221 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.909053436112297 }} while Robert Rooney asserts that;

Nothing could be more eccentric than the "scultpures" of Trefor Prest. These structures which look like ancient dental equipment or some other type of torture machine seem to have no reason except to satisfy the sculptor's desire to construct a well-engineered, but useless, contraption.

In 1978, critic John Davies, in reviewing the Seventh Mildura Sculpture Triennial judged "Trefor Prest's Surreal, machine-like Tales from the valley below, exhibited in the Bakery…one of the finest pieces in the Triennial."John Davies, "Earth and Steel: Mildura's Seventh Sculpture Triennial," Art and Australia, Volume 16 Number 1, Spring, September 1978

In reviewing Prest's 1990 solo show at Pinacotheca gallery in The Age Peter Hill wrote that;

Parts of each work in turn remind the spectator of submarines, sextants, trawlers, farm machinery, pendulums, and 19th Century scientific instruments. They all look purposeful but are in fact functionless, and for that reason fit well with Lothar Romain's views of deconstruction. Romain was one of the selectors of the last Documenta and, as an antipost-modernist, described deconstruction as "a means of setting up a model with the help of construction elements such as ordinary everyday objects. In this model these construction elements are experienced to have no significance at all and have lost their original meaning." By extension, the use of everyday objects can embrace everyday manufacturing processes, fashioning a new artistic revolution from an old industrial revolution. Trefor Prest is one of the best artists in the world at this, along with a few others such as Donald Lipski. Both fashion very different art objects through very similar attitudes to three dimensional construction.{{cite news |first1=Peter |last1=Hill |title=Sculpture with an odd feeling |work=The Age |date=19 September 1990 |page=14 }}

His design for an elaborate ceremonial mace was commissioned by Federation University, Ballarat, in 1995.{{Cite web|title=Sculpture - Mace, 'University Mace' by Trefor Prest, 1995|url=https://victoriancollections.net.au/items/534748159821f420f8c03670|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Victorian Collections|language=en}}{{Citation | title='University Mace' by Trefor Prest | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/228215678 | access-date=22 August 2021}}{{Citation | title=The University of Ballarat Mace, 1996 | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/228215679 | access-date=22 August 2021}}

In 2014 director Paul Cox in filming his feature Force of Destiny (2015) based on Cox's experience with liver cancer and a liver transplant,{{Citation | title=Filmmaker confronts mortality in his singular style.(Arts) | journal=The Age (Melbourne, Australia) | publication-date=2015-09-03 | publisher=Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited | pages=30 | issn=0312-6307}}{{Citation | author1=Cox, Paul, 1970-2016, (film director.) | author2=Wenham, David, 1965-, (actor.) | author3=Goswami, Shahana, 1986-, (actor.) | author4=McKenzie, Jacqueline, 1967-, (actor.) | author5=Fredericksen, Hanna, (actor.) | author6=Biswas, Seema, 1965-, (actor.) | author7=Agashe, Mohan, 1947-, (actor.) | author8=Norris, Terry, 1930-, (actor.) | author9=Illumination Films, (production company.) | author10=Screen Australia, (presenter,) | title=Force of destiny | publication-date=2016 | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/213227511 | access-date=22 August 2021}} used Prest's studio and work to portray the film's hero (David Wenham) as a sculptor.{{Cite web|last=Knight|first=Hannah|date=2014-03-29|title=Sculptures shine in film|url=https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2184353/sculptures-shine-in-film/|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Bendigo Advertiser|language=en-AU}}{{cite journal |last1=Lucas |first1=Rose |title=The challenge of life: Paul Cox's 'Force of destiny' |journal=Metro Magazine: Media & Education Magazine |date=January 2016 |issue=187 |pages=40–43 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORMIT.043320102400912 }}

At auction in 2003 at Christies, Prest's Taffrail Delights (1989) in wood, copper, tin, steel, stainless steel (152 x 65 x 42 cm) was purchased for AUD 4,465.00 beating an estimate of AUD 800 - AUD 1,200{{Cite web|title=TREFOR PREST (b. 1945)|url=https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4145841|access-date=2021-08-22|website=www.christies.com|language=en}}

Exhibitions

= Solo =

  • 1990: Trefor Prest, Melbourne Festival, Pinacotheca gallery, September–October
  • 1990: Castlemaine Art Museum{{Citation | author1=Prest, Trefor | author2=Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum | author3=Pinacotheca (Art gallery) | title=Sculpture | publication-date=1988 | publisher=Castlemaine Art Gallery | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/33276716 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 1990: Trefor Prest, Melbourne Festival, Pinacotheca, September–OctoberJan Blensdorf, The Age Friday 28 Sep 1990, p.30
  • 1991: Australian Galleries, Sydney, Aug–SepListing, The Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 23 Aug 1991, p.50"Fast Forward: Voyage of discovery," The Sydney Morning Herald, Saturday, 20 Jul 1991, p.148
  • 1992: Pinacotheca
  • 1994: Trefor Prest, sculpture, Australian Galleries, PaddingtonListing, "Galleries", The Sydney Morning Herald, Friday, 25 February 1994, p.56
  • 1994: PinacothecaAdvertising, The Age Thursday 22 Sep 1994, p.19
  • 2010: Lake Bolac Eel FestivalAnonymous, 13 March 2013. AN exhibition inspired by the indigenous art of trapping. The Standard, 17.
  • 2014: Fabricated Memories, La Trobe University Visual Arts Centre, Bendigo, 26 March to 27 April{{cite news |last1=Knight |first1=Hannah |title=VAC paving the way for change in year ahead |url=https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/2046414/vac-paving-the-way-for-change-in-year-ahead/ |work=Bendigo Advertiser |date=26 January 2014 }}

= Group =

  • 1972: Sculpture: Pat Brooks, Vlase Nikoleski, Trevor Prest, Ewing Gallery, University of Melbourne, 26 June 1972 – 7 July{{Cite web|last1=Vivian|first1=Helen|last2=Hewitt|first2=Susan|last3=Bridie|first3=Sandie|title=History of the Ewing and George Paton Galleries 1971-1990|url=https://umsu.unimelb.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/gpg_catalogue_1971-2020-.pdf|website=University of Melbourne Student Union}}
  • 1975: Nine artists : 1975 graduate exhibition, School of Art, the Victorian College of the Arts, Melbourne{{Citation | author1=Victorian College of the Arts. School of Art | author2=Victorian College of the Arts. Gallery | title=Nine artists : 1975 graduate exhibition, School of Art, the Victorian College of the Arts, Melbourne | publication-date=1975 | publisher=Victorian College of the Arts | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21439633 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 1975: Sixth Mildura Sculpture Triennial{{Citation | author1=Mildura Sculpture Triennial (6th : 1975) | author2=Mildura Arts Centre | title=6th Mildura Sculpture Exhibition : an opening feature for Arts Victoria 75 | publication-date=1975 | publisher=The Centre | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20045901 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 1975: Artists' Artists, with Reg Parker, David Wilson, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, September – OctoberMaureen Gilchrist, "Preaching, but poor practice," The Age, Wednesday 1 Oct 1975, p.2
  • 1978: Seventh Mildura Sculpture TriennialNancy Borlase, "One martyr, many views," The Sydney Morning Herald, Saturday 1 Apr 1978, p.15
  • 1980: Some contemporary Australian sculpture, Newcastle Art Gallery, 15 May - 15 June{{Citation | author1=Newcastle Regional Art Gallery | title=Some contemporary Australian sculpture | publication-date=1980 | publisher=Newcastle | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/233105907 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 1980: Fifteen Sculptors, National Gallery of VictoriaRobert Rooney, "Bower-bird sculpture," The Age, Thursday 21 Feb 1980, p.2
  • 1980: Fifteen Sculptors, Benalla Art GalleryBenalla Art Gallery & Mauriks, Adrian & Benalla Art Gallery (1980). 15 sculptors : Jock Clutterbuck, Peter Cole, John Davis, Elwyn Dennis, Bonita Ely, Jacek Grzelecki, Noelene Lucas, Adrian Mauriks, Kevin Mortenson, Fiona Orr, Trefor Prest, Colin Suggett, Sue Vaughan, David Wilson, Ray Woolard. Benalla Art Gallery
  • 1981: Australian Sculpture Triennial
  • 1981: Melbourne artists, Watters Gallery, SydneyNancy Borlase, "Mockery menaces the dream," The Sydney Morning Herald, Saturday 11 Jul 1981, p.47
  • 1994: Sculpture '94, Castlemaine State Festival 1994{{Citation | author1=Castlemaine State Festival | title=[Castlemaine State Festival : Australian Gallery File] | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/32483089 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 1985: Sculptors as Craftsmen, Meat Market Craft Centre, Melbourne
  • 1988: with Simon Klose, Dale Hickey, Robert Rooney, Robert Hunter, Rosalie Gascoigne, David Wadelton, James Gleeson, and others, Pinacotheca, Melbourne, 29 June-13 August{{Cite web|title=Pinacotheca (Melbourne, Vic.) : Australian Gallery File|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/32485103|access-date=2021-08-22|website=National Library of Australia}}
  • 1993: Dame Edna regrets she is unable to attend: Humour and satire in Australian contemporary sculpture, Nolan Gallery, Lanyon{{Cite news|date=1993-10-02|title=Exploring concepts of Aussie humour|pages=5|work=Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127508689|access-date=2021-08-22}}
  • 1993: Excalibur: contemporary artists and Celtic Heritage, Geelong Art Gallery, March - 2 May{{Citation | author1=Carew, Ann | author2=Geelong Art Gallery | title=Excalibur : contemporary artists and Celtic heritage | publication-date=1993 | publisher=Geelong Art Gallery | isbn=978-1-875237-09-8}}
  • 1999: Volume & Form: Singapore 1999, with Geoffrey Barlett; Peter Blizzard; Marcus Champ; Greg Clark; Peter D. Cole; Clifford Frith; Greg Johns; Inge King; Christopher Langton; Adrain Mauriks; Loretta Quinn; Ron Robertson-Swann; Giuseppe Romeo; Richard Stringer; Neil Taylor; Hossein Valamanesh; Fu Zhongwang; Liang Ming-Cheng; Li Ming; Shao Fan; Sui Jianguo; Wang Hongliang; Yu Fan; Zhan Wang; Zhang Yongjian; Zuo Zheng-Yao; Ha Bik-Chuen; Ho Siu Kee; Kwok Mang Ho; Danny Lee; Eddie Lui; Mok Yat San; Tong King-Sum; Van Lau; Wu Man-Wai; Latika Katt; Prithpal Singh Ladi; Prasantha Mukherjee; Pushpamala; Ravinder Reddy; Vivan Sundaram; Rajendar Tiku; Nindityo Adipurnomo; Anusapati; FX Harsono; Hedi Hariyanto; Mella Jaarsma; Yusra Martunus; Pintor Sirait; Gregorius Sidharta Soegiyo; S. Teddy D.; Shigeyo Kobayashi; Yoshiko Takikawa; Shigeo Toya; Kimio Tsuchiya; Choi Duck-Kyo; Choi Jeong Hwa; Choo Hyun-Jae; Huh Baik; Jeun Loi-Jin; Kim Chang-Gon; Kim Jung-Hoo; Oh Sang-Wook; Park Jung-Ae; Park Suk-Won; Yoo Li-zzy; Youn Young-ja; Yun Suk Nam; Ramlan Abdullah; Frederique Boumeester; Terry Law; Tengku Sabri Ibrahim; Sharmiza; Aung Myint; Rene Boutin; Chris Booth; Christopher Braddock; Derrick Cherrie; Charlotte Fisher; Jaccqueline Fraser; Christine Hellyar; Vicky Kerr; Virgina King; Judy Millar; Terry Stringer; Greer Twiss; Agnes Arellano; Gabriel Barredo; Reynato Paz Contreras; Ramon Orlina; Impy Pilapil; Paz Abad Santos; Luis Yee, Jr.; Reginald Yusson; Ayob Bin Ismail; Chong Fah Cheong; Han Sai Por; Lim Soo Ngee; Joseph McNally; Ng Eng Teng; Sun Yu Li; Victor Tan; Chang Tzu Lung; Long-Bin Chen; Dawn Chen Ping; Marvin Minto Fang; Michell Hwang; Lai Chi-Man; Jun Tsun-Tsun Lai; Lee Kuan Yu; Lee Tsai-Chien; Ju Ming; Cynthia Sah; Tsai Ken; Arthur Yang; Prof. Yuyu Yang; Montien Boonma; Kamol Phaosavasdi; Nitaya Ueareeworakul; Dao Chau Hai; Nguyen Quan; Phan Phuong Dong; Singapore Art Museum Sculpture Square, 21 May–28 JuneIn Tung, J., & Singapore Art Museum,. (2018). Singapore Art Museum: An index of exhibitions 1994-2018, p.61
  • 2000: Inaugural exhibition QDOS Sculpture Park, with Adrian Mauriks, Jock Clutterbuck, Peter Blizzard, George Turcu, Fiona Orr, Christine Gibson, Shona Nunan, Michael Cartwright, Dan Wollmering, Graeme Wilkie, David Tucker, Bjorn Holm, Russel Petherbrige, Peter Schipperheyn, Anton Hassel, Eva Volny, Robert Delves, Gus Dall'Ava, Paul Blizzard, Jamieson Miller, opened by Dr. Edward Tweddell, Chairman of the Adelaide Arts Festival, 22 April, QDOS, Lorne.
  • 2003: The 8th International Shoebox Sculpture Exhibition : a traveling exhibition organised by the University of Hawaiʻi Art Gallery{{Citation | author1=International Shoebox Sculpture Exhibition (8th : 2003 : University of Hawaii, etc.) | author2=University of Hawaii at Manoa. Art Gallery | title=The 8th International Shoebox Sculpture Exhibition : a traveling exhibition |date=2003 | publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Art Gallery | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/235414216 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • 2014: Living Arts Space.with Rhyll Plant and Nena Perrill{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|1664319568}} |last1=Iles |first1=Kieran |title=Three times the art fun |work=The Bendigo Advertiser |date=13 December 2014 }}
  • 2017: Momentum: Kinetic-Robotic-Mechanic, Backspace Gallery, BallaratBLACK, J., 5 May 2017. Interactive sculpture at Backspace Gallery. The Courier, 6. ISSN 1037-0374.CLUFF, C., 6 May 2017. Art on the move. The Courier, 36. ISSN 1037-0374.
  • 2020: Arts Open, Castlemaine

Awards

  • 1977 Project grant, Visual Arts Board
  • 1980; Standard individual grant for six months, Visual Arts Board{{Citation

| author1=Australia Council.

| title=Annual report

| year=1975

| section=v. : illustrations; 25 cm.

| issn=0725-7643

| series=Parliamentary paper (Australia. Parliament)

| issue=1980/1981, PP no. 57 of 1982

| location=Canberra

| publisher=Australian Govt. Pub. Service

| url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1940368818

| id=nla.obj-1940368818

| access-date=22 August 2021

| via=Trove

}}

Collections

  • National Gallery of Australia{{cite journal |last1=Marchant |first1=Leslie R. |title=The scholar and good government |journal=Quadrant |date=October 1998 |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=64–67 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.019107037744665 }}
  • Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery
  • Artbank{{Cite web|last=|date=2020-02-25|title=Trefor Prest|url=https://www.artbank.gov.au/search/profile|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Artbank|language=en}}
  • Newcastle Regional Art Gallery{{Cite web|title=Trefor Prest, collection of the Newcastle Art Gallery|url=https://newcastle-collections.ncc.nsw.gov.au/gallery.php|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Newcastle Art Gallery, collections}}
  • National Capital Development Commission, Canberra (now with National Archives){{Cite web|title=RecordSearch {{!}} National Archives of Australia|url=https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/SessionTimeout.aspx|access-date=2021-08-22|website=recordsearch.naa.gov.au}}
  • Launceston{{Citation | author1=Launceston Art Purchase | title=[Launceston Art Purchase : Australian Gallery File] | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/32484176 | access-date=22 August 2021}}{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|1561548124}} |last1=Machen |first1=Mary |title=Pieces of history showcased |work=The Examiner |date=13 Sep 2014 |page=32 }}
  • Federation University Art Collection

Bibliography

  • {{Citation | author1=Prest, Trefor | author2=Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum | author3=Pinacotheca (Art gallery) | title=Sculpture | publication-date=1988 | publisher=Castlemaine Art Gallery | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/33276716 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • {{Citation | author1=Victorian College of the Arts. School of Art | author2=Victorian College of the Arts. Gallery | title=Nine artists : 1975 graduate exhibition, School of Art, the Victorian College of the Arts, Melbourne | publication-date=1975 | publisher=Victorian College of the Arts | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21439633 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • {{Citation | author1=Mildura Sculpture Triennial (6th : 1975) | author2=Mildura Arts Centre | title=6th Mildura Sculpture Exhibition : an opening feature for Arts Victoria 75 | publication-date=1975 | publisher=The Centre | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20045901 | access-date=22 August 2021}}
  • {{Citation | author1=Carew, Ann | author2=Geelong Art Gallery | title=Excalibur : contemporary artists and Celtic heritage | publication-date=1993 | publisher=Geelong Art Gallery | isbn=978-1-875237-09-8}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Bak |first1=Henk |title=Maritime sculptures |journal=Craft Arts International |date=January 1995 |issue=34 |pages=84–86 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/ielapa.951110224 }}
  • {{Citation | author1=Scarlett, Ken | title=Australian sculptors |date=1980 | page=532 | publisher=Nelson | isbn=978-0-17-005292-4}}

References

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