Tremex columba

The females are larger than the males, with females growing to 25-30mm in length, and males about 20-25mm.{{cite web |url=https://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/pest/main/136362 |title=Pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) |last= Walker |first= Ken |date=2006 |website=PaDIL |access-date=2010-03-11 }} The species can vary in coloration from light brown to dark reddish brown, and sports yellow and black stripes along the abdomen.{{Cite web|title=Horntails|url=https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/horntails|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Missouri Department of Conservation|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Pigeon Tremex|url=https://texasinsects.tamu.edu/pigeon-tremex/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=texasinsects.tamu.edu}} Both males and females have long projections protruding from their rear, with the females possessing an additional projection in the form of an ovipositor.

The females of the species use their ovipositor to deposit their eggs into dead and dying deciduous trees such as beech, elm, maple, and oak, which the larvae burrow inside of and feed upon.{{cite book |last=Solomon |first=J.D. |date=1995 |title=Guide to Insect Borers in North American Broadleaf Trees and Shrubs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wEUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP7 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service |page=597-600}} They usually deposit between two and seven eggs into the tree. The female will die after this process, and carcasses can sometimes be seen stuck to the bark of host trees.

Megarhyssa macrurus, M. greenei, and M. atrata are the natural predators of this species.{{Cite journal |last1=Pook |first1=Victoria |last2=Sharkey |first2=Michael |last3=Wahl |first3=David |date=2016-01-04 |title=Key to the species of Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae) in America, north of Mexico |url=https://dez.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7619 |journal=Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift |language=en |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.3897/dez.63.7619 |issn=1860-1324 |doi-access=free}} The female Megarhyssa seeks out the larvae within the tunnels bored by this species. It then lays an egg next to the larva and then injects a venom to paralyze it.

{{cite web |url=http://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/insects/pigeon-tremex-horntail-and-the-giant-ichneumon-wasp-5-604/ |title=Pigeon Tremex Horntail and the Giant Ichneumon Wasp |last=Cranshaw |first=Whitney |date=2010-05-12 |website=CSU Extension |publisher=Colorado State University Extension |access-date=2021-06-04}} Another parasitoid of Tremex columba is Ibalia anceps.

Because the species prefers dead or decaying trees, they usually pose little threat to vegetation as a pest,{{Cite web|title=Pigeon Tremex Horntail and the Giant Ichneumon Wasp - 5.604|url=https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/insects/pigeon-tremex-horntail-and-the-giant-ichneumon-wasp-5-604/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Colorado State University Extension|language=en-US}} though they do sometimes select healthy trees, and via the ovipositor the species can infect the host tree with Cerrena unicolor, a fungus that can rot the trees.

The species is not considered harmful to humans, and does not sting or bite.{{Cite web|date=2014-08-12|title=Pigeon Horntail (Family Siricidae)|url=https://uwm.edu/field-station/pigeon-horntail/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Field Station|language=en-US}}

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Category:Siricidae

Category:Insects described in 1763

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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