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Triangle (Israel)

{{Short description|Arab-Israeli towns along the Green Line}}

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|Description=Major localities in the Triangle or "Little Triangle", marked in green. The settlements forming the original "Arab Triangle" of Mandatory Palestine (now Palestinian enclaves in the West Bank) are marked in white

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{{Location map many | Israel

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| label = {{nowrap|Kafr Qara}}

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| coordinates = {{coord|32|30|21|N|35|3|14|E}}

| label2 = Ar'ara

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| coordinates2 = {{coord|32|29|40|N|35|05|39|E}}

| label3 = {{nowrap|Baqa al-Gharbiyye}}

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| coordinates3 = {{coord|32|25|13|N|35|02|32|E}}

| label4 = {{nowrap|Umm al-Fahm}}

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| coordinates4 = {{coord|32|31|10|N|35|09|13|E}}

| label5 = Qalansawe

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| coordinates5 = {{coord|32|16|56.34|N|34|59|0.27|E}}

| label6 = Tayibe

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| coordinates6 = {{coord|32|16|0|N|35|00|37|E}}

| label7 = {{nowrap|Kafr Qasim}}

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| label8 = Tira

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| label9={{nowrap|Kafr Bara}}

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| label10=Jaljulia

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| label11=Zemer

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| label12=Jenin

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| label13=Nablus

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File:HaMeshulash locator map.png

File:Taj-Beh007.jpg, the largest city of the Southern Triangle.]]

The Triangle ({{langx|he|המשולש}}, HaMeshulash; {{langx|ar|المثلث}}, al-Muthallath), formerly referred to as the Little Triangle, is a concentration of Israeli Arab towns and villages adjacent to the Green Line, located in the eastern Sharon plain among the Samarian foothills; this area is located within the easternmost boundaries of both the Central District and Haifa District. The eleven towns are home to approximately 250,000 Arab citizens of Israel, representing between 10 and 15% of Israel's Palestinian Arab population.[https://www.timesofisrael.com/report-netanyahu-suggested-to-us-that-arab-israeli-towns-be-placed-in-palestine/ Report: Netanyahu suggested to US that Arab Israeli towns be placed in Palestine], Times of Israel, 4 February 2020

The Triangle is further divided into the "Northern Triangle" or Wadi Ara{{cite book|author=Hillel Cohen|title=Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs, 1948–1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7bfI3GUpAMC&pg=PA15|date=6 January 2010|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94488-6|page=15|quote=... the villages of Wadi Ara (the area called the northern Triangle)...}} (around Kafr Qara, Ar'ara, Baqa al-Gharbiyye, Zemer and Umm al-Fahm) and the "Southern Triangle" (around Qalansawe, Tayibe, Kafr Qasim, Tira, Kafr Bara and Jaljulia). Umm al-Fahm and Tayibe are the social, cultural and economic centers for Arab residents of the region. The Triangle is a stronghold of the Islamic Movement in Israel and Raed Salah, the current leader of the movement's northern faction, is a former mayor of Umm al-Fahm.

History and status

Prior to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and Israel's establishment and sovereignty over the Kafr Qasim, Jaljulia and Kafr Bara area, it was referred to as the "Little Triangle" to differentiate it from the original larger "Triangle" region between Jenin, Tulkarm, and Nablus.{{cite book|last1=Makdisi|first1=Ussama Samir|last2=Silverstein|first2=Paul A.|title=Memory and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sAFs5KdQFcMC&pg=PA125|year=2006|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-21798-1|pages=125–|quote= The “Little Triangle” forms the narrow Israeli-held strip of the larger district circumscribed by the three West Bank cities of Nablus, Tulkarm, and Jenin. During the Arab Revolt from 1936 to 1939 this district was the center of rebel activity and became known by the British as the "Triangle of Terror"}} The original triangle was dubbed by the British the "Triangle of Terror" or "Triangle of Fear", during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine.

The region was originally designated to fall under Jordanian jurisdiction, but while negotiating the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Israel insisted on having it within its side of the Green Line, for military and strategic reasons. To achieve this, a territorial swap was negotiated, ceding the Israeli territory in the southern hills of Hebron in exchange for the Triangle villages in Wadi Ara.Yisrael Ya'akov Yuval, [http://www.am-oved.co.il/HTMLs/product.aspx?BSP=13468&C1010=15881 "Where is the Green Line"], Two Thousand, Vol. 29, no. 971, 2005 {{in lang|he}}{{cite news |author=Akiva Eldar |url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=797884 |title=What is the Green Line |newspaper=Haaretz |date=21 July 2006 |language=he |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605050548/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=797884 |archivedate=5 June 2011}} The term was later expanded to include the entire area around Wadi Ara (the Northern Triangle of today) and the "Little" appendage quickly fell out of common use.

Populations as of {{Israel populations|Year}} are as follows:{{Israel populations|reference}}

Involuntary loss of citizenship

The concept of stripping the citizens of the area of their citizenship of Israel has been mooted. Several Israeli politicians have suggested the Triangle should be transferred to a future Palestinian state in exchange for Israel retaining control over settlements in the West Bank. The idea is a major part of the Lieberman Plan put forward by Yisrael Beiteinu leader Avigdor Lieberman but is largely opposed by Israeli Arabs.{{cite news |author=Fadi Eyadat |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/new-poll-shows-68-4-of-israeli-jews-fear-israeli-arab-uprising-1.215340 |title=New poll shows 68.4% of Israeli Jews fear Israeli Arab uprising |newspaper=Haaretz |date=12 March 2007 |accessdate=21 August 2014}} It is also a key feature of the Trump peace plan, which stated:

The Triangle Communities consist of Kafr Qara, Ar’ara, Baha al-Gharbiyye, Umm al Fahm, Qalansawe, Tayibe, Kafr Qasim, Tira, Kafr Bara and Jaljulia. These communities, which largely self-identify as Palestinian, were originally designated to fall under Jordanian control during the negotiations of the Armistice Line of 1949, but ultimately were retained by Israel for military reasons that have since been mitigated. The Vision contemplates the possibility, subject to agreement of the parties that the borders of Israel will be redrawn such that the Triangle Communities become part of the State of Palestine. In this agreement, the civil rights of the residents of the triangle communities would be subject to the applicable laws and judicial rulings of the relevant authorities.:File:Peace to Prosperity.pdf

In a July 2000 survey conducted by Kul al-Arab among 1,000 residents of Umm al-Fahm, 83 percent of respondents opposed the idea of transferring their city to Palestinian jurisdiction.Kul Al-Arab (Nazareth, Israel), 28 July 2000, cited in {{cite news |title=Um Al-Fahm Prefers Israel |author=Joseph Algazy |newspaper=Haaretz |date=1 August 2000}} archived at {{cite web |date=10 August 2000 |publisher=MEMRI |title= Israeli Arabs Prefer Israel to Palestinian Authority |url=http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/358.htm}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

{{coord|32|15|15|N|34|59|40|E|region:IL_type:landmark_source:kolossus-cswiki|display=title}}

Category:Arab localities in Israel

Category:Geography of Haifa District

Category:Geography of Central District (Israel)