Trichodoridae

The first trichodorid was described in 1880 (De Man) as Dorylaimus primitivus, and the type genus, Trichodorus described in 1913 by Cobb, based on Trichodorus obtusus.{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA4 pp. 4, 29]}}

Historically, up to 1973, Trichodorus was the only genus in this family. Originally it was the only genus in a subfamily, the Trichodorinae Thorne 1935, within the family Diphtherophoridae, to distinguish it from the other subfamily, Diphtherophorinae.{{sfn|Zuckerman|1971|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UlNTQl4E4nIC&pg=PA165 p. 165]}} However Diphtherophoridae was elevated to superfamily rank, and the subfamily Trichodorinae became a full-fledged family.{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA257 p. 257]}} The genus Trichodorus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi,{{cite journal | last1 = Siddiqi | first1 = M.R. | year = 1974 | title = Systematics of the genus Trichodorus Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of three new species | journal = Nematologica | volume = 19 | pages = 259–278 }} Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. This was based on the position of the gland nuclei and the type of pharyngo-intestinal junction. Siddiqi also used these criteria to divide Paratrichodirus into three subgenera, Paratrichodorus, Atlantadorus and Nanidorus. Rodriguez-Montessorosoon proposed further separating these genera into two subfamilies, resurrecting the name Trichodorinae.[http://genisys.prd.fr/Fortuner_1984b.pdf Fortuner R. List and Status of the Genera and Families of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Helminthological Abstracts Series B Plant Nematology September 1984 Vol.53 No.3] With Siddiqi's subgenera not accepted by all authorities,{{cite journal | last1 = Decraemer | first1 = W | year = 1980 | title = Systematics of the Trichodoridae (Nematoda) with keys to their species | url = http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/pt5/nemato/21369.pdf | journal = Revue de Nématologie | volume = 3 | issue = 1| pages = 81–99 }} his elevation of these subgenera to genus level in 1980{{cite journal | last1 = Siddiqi | first1 = M.R. | year = 1980 | title = On the generic status of Atlantadorus Siddiqi, 1974 and Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) | journal = Systematic Parasitology | volume = 1 | issue = 2| pages = 151–152 | doi=10.1007/bf00009861| s2cid = 38111986 }}{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA10 p. 10]}} was followed by even fewer,{{sfn|Duarte et al.|2010}} but now is finding supports in molecular systematics.

In the case of Nanidorus, phylogenetic analysis has supported its recognition as a separate genus, although clustering with Trichodorus rather than its parent Paratrichodorus.{{sfn|Duarte et al.|2010}}{{sfn|Kumari|Subbotin|2012}}

There were few species recognised before the economic importance of the family was recognised, and in 1957 there were only 12, but this increased rapidly. In addition further genera than the original Trichodorus (1913) and Paratrichodorus (1974) were created in the 1970s, and another genus in 2002.{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA3 p. 3]}}

There are now about 100 species divided into five to six genera.{{cite journal| pmc=2586508 | pmid=19259501 | volume=39 | issue=4 | title=The who, what and where of longidoridae and trichodoridae | journal=J Nematol | pages=295–7 | last1 = Decraemer | first1 = W | last2 = Robbins | first2 = RT| year=2007 }}{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA36 p. 36]}} Duarte et al. (2010) list 102 species.{{sfn|Duarte et al.|2010}}

• Allotrichodorus Rodriguez-M, Sher and Siddiqi, 1978RODRIGUEZ-MR, .S, HER, S. A. & SIIYDIQIM, . R. (1978). Systematics of the monodelphic species of Trichodoridae (Nematoda : Diphtherophorina) with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. J. Nematol., 10 : 141-152 (6 species)
• Ecuadorus Siddiqi, 2002 (2 species)
• Monotrichodorus Andrassy, 1976ANDRASSY, 1. (1976). Evolution as a basis for the systematization of nematodes. London, San Francisco

& Melbourne, Pitman Publishing (4 species)

• Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974
• Paratrichodorus Siddiqi, 1974 (34 species)
• Trichodorus Cobb, 1913{{cite journal | last1 = Cobb | first1 = N. A. | year = 1913 | title = New nematode genera found inhabiting fresh water and non-brackish soils | journal = J. Wash. Acad. Sci. | volume = 3 | pages = 432–444 }} (54 species)

The two largest genera have didelphic females (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide. In the contrast the three small genera, have females that are monodelphic-prodelphic (single tract) and are native to Central America and the northern part of South America.

Trichodoridae comes from the Greek trichos (a hair) and dory (a spear). The name "stubby-root" comes from the effect of the nematodes on the root system which appears "stubby" or stunted.[http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in617 W. T. Crow. Stubby-Root Nematode, Trichodorus obtusus Cobb (syn T. proximus) (Nematoda: Adenophorea: Triplonchida: Diphtherophorina: Trichodoridea: Trichodoridae.) University of Florida, 2013]{{sfn|Decraemer|1995}}

The family only became of interest in 1951.CHRISTIE, J. R. & PERRY, V. G. (1951). Removing nematodes from soil. Proc. helm. Soc. Wasb. 18: 106-108. At that time Trichodorus christie (=Paratrichodorus minor) was recognised as a pest of crops (beets and corn) in Florida.{{sfn|Decraemer|1995|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=qW19ryMat_EC&pg=PA3 p. 3]}} In 1961 it was discovered that they were also virus vectors,SOL, H. H. & SEINHORST, J. W. (1961). The transmission of rattle virus by Trichodorus pachydermus. Tijdschr. PlZiekt. 67, 307-311 though this seems to be mainly the didelphic genera.{{sfn|Duarte et al.|2010}}

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Category:Enoplia