Tricholoma magnivelare

Until recently, the name Tricholoma magnivelare described all matsutake mushrooms found in North America. Since the early 2000s, molecular data has indicated the presence of separate species in the prior group, with only those found in the Eastern United States and Canada retaining the name T. magnivelare.{{Cite journal|last1=Trudell|first1=Steven A.|last2=Xu|first2=Jianping|last3=Saar|first3=Irja|last4=Justo|first4=Alfredo|last5=Cifuentes|first5=Joaquin|date=May 2017|title=North American matsutake: names clarified and a new species described|journal=Mycologia|volume=109|issue=3|pages=379–390|doi=10.1080/00275514.2017.1326780|issn=0027-5514|pmid=28609221|s2cid=205448035}}

The cap ranges from {{convert|5-20|cm|frac=8}} in width, and is white with reddish-yellow or brown spots. The stalk is {{Cvt|4-15|cm|frac=8}} tall and 2–6 cm wide. The spores are white.{{Cite book|last1=Davis|first1=R. Michael|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797915861|title=Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America|last2=Sommer|first2=Robert|last3=Menge|first3=John A.|publisher=University of California Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-520-95360-4|location=Berkeley|pages=163–164|oclc=797915861}}

The mycelium is thought to be parasitized by the plant Allotropa virgata,{{cite book|last1=Trudell|first1=Steve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WevHvt6Tr8kC|title=Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest|last2=Ammirati|first2=Joe|publisher=Timber Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-88192-935-5|series=Timber Press Field Guides|location=Portland, OR|pages=104–105}} which primarily feeds on matsutake.{{Cite web|last=Moore|first=Andy|title=Allotropa Virgata|url=https://matsiman.com/allotropa.htm|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Matsiman.com}}

This mushroom is noted for its distinctive odour/flavour. The major compound identified from fresh sporocarps is the fragrant compound, methyl cinnamate. Also, alpha-pinene and bornyl acetate are present in trace amounts in uncrushed samples. Tissue disruption of the sporocarp produces large amounts of 1-octen-3-ol, a compound found in many mushrooms that has a typical mushroom-like odour. Both methyl cinnamate and 1-octen-3-ol have been shown to be potent banana slug (Ariolimax columbianus) antifeedants. Cultures of the secondary mycelium of T. magnivelare did not have any of the compounds found in the sporocarp. The major volatile component of mycelial cultures is 3,5-dichloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. 3,5-Dichloro-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and hexanal were identified as minor components from these cultures. These chlorinated compounds inhibit fungal metabolism: fungal cell wall growth by chitin synthase and melanin biosynthesis. These compounds may keep other fungi from taking over the tree roots that T. magnivelare colonizes.{{cite journal |journal= Biochemical Systematics and Ecology |volume=35 | year=2007 |title= Changing volatile compounds from mycelium and sporocarp of American matsutake mushroom, ‘’Tricholoma magnivelare’’ |author1=Wood W. F. |author2=Lefevre C. K. | doi= 10.1016/j.bse.2007.03.001 |pages=634-636}}

Similar species in the genus include Tricholoma apium, T. caligatum, T. focale, and T. vernaticum. Other similar species include Catathelasma imperiale, C. ventricosum, Russula brevipes, and the poisonous Amanita smithiana.

While tough, the mushroom can be eaten both raw and cooked{{cite book |last=Meuninck |first=Jim |title=Foraging Mushrooms Oregon: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Mushrooms |date=2017 |publisher=Falcon Guides |isbn=978-1-4930-2669-2 |page=101}} and is considered choice.{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=Roger |title=Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America |url=https://archive.org/details/mushroomsotherfu0000phil |url-access=registration |year=2010 |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Buffalo, NY |isbn=978-1-55407-651-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mushroomsotherfu0000phil/page/42 42]}} In recent years, globalization and wider social acceptability of mushroom hunting has made collection of pine mushrooms widely popular in North America. However, serious poisonings have resulted from confusion of this mushroom with poisonous white Amanita species.

Local mushroom hunters sell their harvest daily to local depots, which rush them to airports. The mushrooms are then shipped fresh by air to Asia where demand is high and prices are at a premium.[http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_magnivelare.html The American Matsutake: Tricholoma magnivelare]. Mushroom Expert. Accessed March 23, 2012.

• List of North American Tricholoma
• List of Tricholoma species

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |title=Amanita smithiana |url=http://www.amanitaceae.org/?Amanita%20smithiana |author=Tulloss RE. |publisher=Amanitaceae.org |access-date=2014-05-06}}

{{cite web |title=GSD Species Synonymy: Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=106520 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |access-date=2014-05-06}}

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{{Commons category}}

• [http://mushroom-collecting.com/mushroommatsutake.html Mushroom-Collecting.com - Matsutake]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20010627121940/http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Tricholoma_magnivelare.html Mykoweb profile of T. magnivelare]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7840804}}

magnivelare

Category:Edible fungi

Category:Fungi described in 1873

Category:Fungi of North America

Category:Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck

Category:Fungus species