Trichomanes
{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Trichomanes kaulfussii (Trichomanes lucens Hook & Grev).jpg
| taxon = Trichomanes
| authority = L.
| type_species = Trichomanes scandens
| type_species_authority = L.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
{{Species list
|Achomanes|Neck.
|Bergera|W.Schaffn. ex Fée
|Feea|Bory
|Hemiphlebium|C.Presl
|Holophlebium|Christ
|Homoeotes|C.Presl
|Hymenostachys|Bory
|Lacostea|Bosch
|Lecanium|C.Presl
|Leptomanes|Prantl
|Leucomanes|C.Presl
|Maschalosorus|Bosch
|Mortoniopteris|Pic.Serm.
|Muelleria|W.Schaffn. ex E.Fourn.
|Neuromanes|Trevis.
|Neurophyllum|C.Presl
|Odontomanes|C.Presl
|Pteromanes|Pic.Serm.
|Ptilophyllum|Bosch
|Pyxidaria|Gled.
|Ragatelus|C.Presl
|Trigonophyllum|(Prantl) Pic.Serm.
|Davalliopsis|Bosch
|Trichomanes subgen. Davalliopsis|(Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
}}
}}
Trichomanes is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns.{{PLANTS|id=TRICH5|taxon=Trichomanes|accessdate=12 Dec 2012}} The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water.
The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns.
Taxonomy
The genus Trichomanes was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, saying that there are about 60 species. {{As of|2019|October}}, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed about 70 species.{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=August 2019 |contribution=Trichomanes |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |at=8.30 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |access-date=2020-06-25 |name-list-style=amp }} Other sources, including Plants of the World Online {{As of|lc=yes|2019|October}}, treated Trichomanes as the only genus in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, so that it included all the other genera, and had about 250 species.
=Phylogeny=
| class="wikitable" |
| colspan=1 | Phylogeny of Trichomanes{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2024 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.7.0 (GenBank release 261) |access-date=1 May 2025}}
! colspan=1 | Unassigned species: |
|---|
| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade |style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |1={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(Feea) |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=T. mougeotii Bosch |2=T. trollii Bergdolt }} |2={{clade |1=T. diversifrons (Bory) Mett. |2={{clade |1=T. botryoides Kaulf. |2=T. osmundoides DC. ex Poir. }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(Afrotrichomanes) |1={{clade |1=T. guineense Afzel. ex Swartz 1800 |2={{clade |1=T. cupressoides Desv. |2={{clade |1=T. boivinii Bosch |2=T. madagascariense (Bosch) Moore }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |label1=(Asiatrichomanes) |1=T. superbum Backhouse ex Moore }} |2={{clade |label1=(Davalliopsis) |1=T. elegans Rich. |label2=(Lacostea) |2={{clade |1=T. tanaicum Hook. |2={{clade |1=T. pedicellatum Desv. |2={{clade |1=T. ankersii Parker |2=T. tuerckheimii Christ }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=(Trichomanes) |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=section |sublabel1=Neuromanes |1={{clade |1=T. hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze |2={{clade |1=T. pinnatum Hedw. |2=T. vittaria DC. }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=T. cellulosum Klotzsch 1844 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=T. bicorne Hook. |2=T. spruceanum Hook. }} |2={{clade |1=T. arbuscula Desv. |2={{clade |1=T. holopterum Kunze (Entire-winged bristle fern) |2=T. roraimense Jenman }} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=section |sublabel1=Trichomanes |1={{clade |1=T. lucens Sw. |2={{clade |1=T. trigonum Desv. |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=T. alatum Sw. |2=T. scandens L. }} |2={{clade |1=T. anadromum Rosenst. |2=T. polypodioides L. }} }} }} }} |label2=section |sublabel2=Achomanes |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=T. crispum L. |2=T. martiusii C.Presl }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=T. crinitum Sw. |2=T. galeottii E.Fourn. }} |2={{clade |1=T. robustum E.Fourn. |2={{clade |1=T. crispiforme Alston |2={{clade |1=T. vandenboschii P.G.Windisch |2={{clade |1=T. accedens C.Presl |2={{clade |1=T. egleri P.G.Windisch |2=T. pilosum Raddi }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{div col|style=font-size:90%;}}
{{div col end}} |
Species formerly placed in this genus include:
- Trichomanes angustatum Carmich. = Polyphlebium angustatum (Carmich.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
- Trichomanes bauerianum {{small|Endl.}} = Callistopteris baueriana (Endl.) Copel – Bauer's bristle fern
- Trichomanes boryanum {{small|Kunze 1840}} = Cephalomanes atrovirens {{small|C.Presl}}
- Trichomanes boschianum {{small|Sturm ex Bosch}} = Vandenboschia boschiana (J.W.Sturm ex Bosch) Ebihara & K.Iwats. – Appalachian bristle fern
- Trichomanes caudatum Brack. = Abrodictyum caudatum (Brack.) Ebihara & K.Iwats.
- Trichomanes intricatum {{small|Farrar}} = Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley – Weft fern
- Trichomanes melanopus {{small|Baker}} = Didymoglossum melanopus (Baker) Copel.
- Trichomanes petersii {{small|A.Gray}} = Didymoglossum petersii (A. Gray) Copel. – Dwarf bristle fern
- Trichomanes reniforme {{small|G.Forst}} = Hymenophyllum nephrophyllum Ebihara & K. Iwats.
- Trichomanes speciosum {{small|Willd.}} = Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel
- Trichomanes tenuissimum {{small|Bosch}} = Polyphlebium tenuissimum (Bosch) comb. ined.
- Trichomanes venosum R.Br. = Polyphlebium venosum (R.Br.) Copel.
References
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{{Plant classification}}
{{Fern classification}}
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