Triennial Acts

{{Short description|1641 Act by English Parliament}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Triennial Act 1640

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for the preventing of inconveniencies happening by the long intermission. Of Parliaments.

| year = 1641

| citation = 16 Cha. 1. c. 1

| territorial_extent = England and Wales

| royal_assent = 16 February 1641

| commencement = 3 November 1640{{efn|Start of session.}}

| repeal_date = 16 March 1664

| amendments =

| repealing_legislation = Triennial Parliaments Act 1664

| related_legislation = {{ubli|Triennial Act 1694|Septennial Act 1715}}

| status = Repealed

| original_text = https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/pp54-57

}}

{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Triennial Parliaments Act 1664

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of England

| long_title = An Act for the assembling and holding of Parliaments once in Three yeares at the least, And for the repeale of an Act entituled An Act for the preventing of Inconveniencies happening by the long Intermission of Parliaments.

| year = 1664

| citation = 16 Cha. 2. c. 1

| territorial_extent = England and Wales

| royal_assent = 5 April 1664

| commencement = 16 March 1664{{efn|Start of session.}}

| expiry_date =

| repeal_date = 16 September 1887

| amends =

| replaces = Triennial Act 1641

| amendments =

| repealing_legislation = Statute Law Revision Act 1887

| related_legislation = {{ubli|Triennial Act 1694|Septennial Act 1715}}

| status = Repealed

| original_text = https://www.british-history.ac.uk/statutes-realm/vol5/p513

}}

{{redirect|Dissolution Act|the 2022 Act|Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022}}

The Triennial Act 1640 (16 Cha. 1. c. 1),[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=47212 'Charles I, 1640: An Act for the preventing of inconveniences happening by the long intermission of Parliaments.'], Statutes of the Realm: volume 5: 1628-80 (1819), pp. 54-7. Date accessed: 27 February 2007. also known as the Dissolution Act, was an act passed on 15 February 1641,Using the Julian Calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January (see Old Style and New Style dates)[http://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur027.htm 27. The Triennial Act], [http://www.constitution.org Constitution Society] Accessed 7 May 2008 by the English Long Parliament, during the reign of King Charles I. The act required that Parliament meet for at least a fifty-day session once every three years. It was intended to prevent kings from ruling without Parliament, as Charles had done between 1629 and 1640. If the King failed to call Parliament, the act required the Lord Chancellor to issue the writs, and failing that, the House of Lords could assemble and issue writs for the election of the House of Commons. Clause 11 was unusual because it explicitly stated that this bill would receive the royal assent before the end of the parliamentary session. At that time, bills did not customarily gain royal assent until after the end of the session. Thus, if Clause 11 had not been present, the act might not have come into force until the next parliament.

In 1664, the act was repealed by the Triennial Parliaments Act 1664 (16 Cha. 2. c. 1).[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=47354 'Charles II, 1664: An Act for the assembling and holding of Parliaments once in Three years at the least, And for the repeal of an Act entitled An Act for the preventing of Inconveniences happening by the long Intermission of Parliaments.'], Statutes of the Realm: volume 5: 1628-80 (1819), p. 513. date accessed: 5 March 2007. Though the new act kept the requirement that a parliament be called at least once in three years, there was no mechanism to enforce this requirement. Thus, Charles II was able to rule for the last four years of his reign without calling a parliament.

Under the Triennial Act 1694 (6 & 7 Will. & Mar. c. 2), also known as the Meeting of Parliament Act 1694, Parliament met annually and held general elections once every three years. The country now remained in a grip of constant election fever (ten elections in twenty years) and loyalties among MPs were difficult to establish, which increased partisanship and rivalry in Parliament. This state of political instability is often known as the 'Rage of Party'. In 1716, the Septennial Act (1 Geo. 1. St. 2. c. 38) was passed, under which a parliament could remain in being for up to seven years. This act ushered in a period of greater stability in British politics, with long-lasting parliaments and governments typical throughout much of the 18th century.