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Trimotor

{{Short description|Aircraft powered by three piston engines}}

{{about|propeller-driven airplanes with three engines|airplanes with three jet engines|Trijet}}

File:Junkers Ju 52-3mg2.jpg were built, the most of any trimotor]]

A trimotor is a propeller-driven aircraft powered by three internal combustion engines, characteristically one on the nose and one on each wing. A compromise between complexity and safety, such a configuration was typically a result of the limited power of the engines available to the designer. Many trimotors were designed and built in the 1920s and 1930s as the most effective means of maximizing payload.

Other - and uncommon - configurations include engines above the wing, as on seaplanes, including in pusher configuration, and an engine on each wing and one on the tail.

The best known trimotors are the Fokker F, Ford AT, and Junkers Ju series aircraft.

Gallery

Ford C-4 Tri-Motor.jpg|Ford Trimotor, a pioneering all-metal aircraft

StateLibQld 1 139254 Landing the aircraft, Southern Cross in Brisbane, Queensland, ca. 1928.jpg|Fokker F.VIIb/3m landing in Brisbane in 1928 after making first crossing of the Pacific

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00921A, Armstrong Whitworth A.W. 154 Argosy.jpg|Imperial Airways Armstrong Whitworth A.W. 154 Argosy

Avia 51-Spanish Republican AF.jpg| Only three Avia 51 were produced

G-BEDR-Trislander-AirEcosse.jpg|Britten-Norman Trislander

Stinson A.jpg|Stinson Model A

Savoia-Marchetti S.M.79 flight in formation.jpg|Savoia Marchetti S.M.79 in formation during WW2

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-14295, Rohrbach-Werke, Belastungstest der Tragflächen.jpg|Rohrbach Romar under construction

Northrop YC-125.jpg|Northrop YC-125 Raider

Loire 70.jpg|Loire 70 amphibian

Air Melanesiae De Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover Mk3 BWU Wheatley.jpg|de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover

Caproni CA 36.jpg|WW1 Caproni Ca.3 trimotor

List of trimotors

class="wikitable sortable"
Aircraft nameCountry of originYear Developed
AD Seaplane Type 1000UK1916
Airspeed FerryUK1932
Airworthy Terrier{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_ab.html|title=American airplanes: Ab - Ak|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}US1928
Anatra DERussia1916
ANF Les Mureaux 140TFrance1932
Armstrong Whitworth ArgosyUK1926
Avia 51Czechoslovakia1933
Avia 57Czechoslovakia1935
Aviméta 132France1927
Avis BGV-1Krickl, Dr. Robert Die Flugzeuge der "Avis" Flugzeug- und Autowerke, Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-85119-329-9}}Austria1924
Avro 618 TenUK1929
Avro 619 FiveUK1929
Avro 624 SixUK1930
Bach 3-CT Air YachtUS1927
Barcala-Cierva-Díaz BCD.3{{cite web|url=http://flyingmachines.ru/Site2/Crafts/Craft29132.htm|title=Cierva BCD3 (Barcala-Cierva-Diaz)|work=flyingmachines.ru|access-date=15 September 2015}}Spain1919
Batson Air Yacht/Dragonfly{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_ba.html|title=American airplanes: Ba - Bl|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}US1913
Beardmore InflexibleUK1928
Beechcraft Model 18 Tiara engine testbedUS1966
Bellanca 28-92US1937
Bernard 60France1929
Bernard 160France1932
Bernard SIMB AB 16France1927
Besson MB.36France1930
Blackburn IrisUK1926
Blackburn PerthUK1933
Blackburn SydneyUK1930
Bloch MB.60{{cite web|url=http://www.dassault-aviation.com/fr/passion/avions/panorama.html |title=Panorama |publisher=Dassault-aviation.com |access-date=2011-01-06}}{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/bloch-mb-60-aviation-france-9838.htm|title=Bloch MB-60|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1930
Bloch MB.120France1932
Bloch MB.300France1935
Blohm & Voss BV 138Germany1937
Boeing Model 80US1928
Boulton Paul P.32UK1931
Bratu 220Romania1932
Breda A.14Italy1928
Breda Ba.32Italy1931
Breda Ba.46Italy1934
Breda CC.20Italy1929
Breguet XI{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/breguet-xi-corsaire--aviation-france-9907.htm|title=Breguet XI 'Corsaire'|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1916
Breguet 393TFrance1931
Breguet 521France1933
Bresciani Bre.1{{cite web|url=http://anmilugo.racine.ra.it/bresciani.htm|title=Bresciani|work=racine.ra.it|access-date=15 September 2015}}Italy1915
Britten-Norman TrislanderUK1970
Brown-Mercury{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_bo.html|title=American airplanes: Bo - Bu|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}US1928
CANT 6Italy1925
CANT 22Italy1927
CANT 23{{cite web|url=http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/10052.htm|title=CRDA Cant.23|work=1000aircraftphotos.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}Italy1932
CANT Z.506Italy1935
CANT Z.508Italy1936
CANT Z.509Italy1937
CANT Z.1007Italy1937
CANT Z.1012Italy1938
Caproni Ca.1Italy1914
Caproni Ca.3Italy1916
Caproni Ca.4Italy1917
Caproni Ca.5Italy1917
Caproni Ca.95Italy1929?
Caproni Ca.97Italy1927
Caproni Ca.101Italy1928
Caproni Ca.131Italy1934
Caproni Ca.132Italy1934
Caproni Ca.133Italy1934
Caudron C.25France1919
Caudron C.37{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/caudron-c-37-aviation-france-9451.htm|title=Caudron C.37|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1920
Caudron C.39{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/caudron-c-39-aviation-france-189.htm|title=Caudron C.39|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1921
Caudron C.61France1921
Caudron C.81{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=4019&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=313&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|title=Caudron C.81|author=Bruno Parmentier|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1923
Caudron C.180{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/caudron-c-180-aviation-france-9682.htm|title=Caudron C.180|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1930
Caudron C.183{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/caudron-c-183-aviation-france-4020.htm|title=Caudron C.183|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1923
Charpentier C-1{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/charpentier-c-1-aviation-france-3288.htm|title=Charpentier C-1|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1935
CNA DeltaThompson, Jonathan W. (1963). Italian Civil and Military aircraft 1930-1945. USA: Aero Publishers Inc. {{ISBN|0-8168-6500-0}}. p 131Italy1931
CNNA HL-8Brazil1943
Conroy Tri-Turbo-ThreeUS1969
Consolidated XPY-1 (prototype only)US1929
Consolidated XP2Y-1 (prototype only)US1932
Couzinet 10{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-10-arc-en-ciel--aviation-france-9491.htm|title=Couzinet 10 'Arc en ciel'|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1928
Couzinet 21{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-21-aviation-france-9498.htm|title=Couzinet 21|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1931
Couzinet 22{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-22-aviation-france-9499.htm|title=Couzinet 22|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1932
Couzinet 27{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-27-arc-en-ciel--aviation-france-9492.htm|title=Couzinet 27 'Arc en ciel'|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}France1928
Couzinet 30France1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-30-aviation-france-9500.htm|title=Couzinet 30|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 33 BiarritzFrance1931{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-33-biarritz--aviation-france-5929.htm|title=Couzinet 33 'Biarritz'|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 40France1932{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-40-aviation-france-9497.htm|title=Couzinet 40|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 70France1932{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-70-arc-en-ciel-iii-aviation-france-5930.htm|title=Couzinet 70 'Arc en Ciel' III|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 100France1933{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-100-aviation-france-9489.htm|title=Couzinet 100|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 101France1934{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-101-aviation-france-5928.htm|title=Couzinet 101|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Couzinet 103France1933{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/couzinet-103-aviation-france-9490.htm|title=Couzinet 103|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Crawford SpecialUS1929{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_cl.html|title=American airplanes: Cl - Cr|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Curtiss Eagle IUS1919
Curtiss Model H prototype onlyUS1914
Curtiss NC prototype onlyUS1918
DAR 4Bulgaria1930
Dewoitine D.31France1932
Dewoitine D.332France1933
Dewoitine D.333France1934
Dewoitine D.338France1936
Dewoitine D.342France1939
Dewoitine D.430France1932{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/dewoitine-d-430-aviation-france-9778.htm|title=Dewoitine D-430|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
de Havilland DH.72UK1931
de Havilland Australia DHA-3 DroverAustralia1948
de Havilland HerculesUK1926
Dornier Do 24Germany1937
Dornier YGermany1930
Dyle et Bacalan DB-70France1929
EMSCO B-2US1929{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_e.html|title=American airplanes: Ea - Ew|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Fabre TrimoteurFrance1908-9{{cite book |last=Opdycke |first=Leonard E. |date=1999 |title=French Aeroplanes Before the Great War |location=Atglen, PA, USA |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd |page=116–118 |isbn=0764307525}}
Farman F.120France1926
Farman F.280France1931
Farman F.300France1930
Farman F.301France1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/farman-f-301-aviation-france-4549.htm|title=Farman F-301|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Farman F.303France1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/farman-f-303-aviation-france-6476.htm|title=Farman F-303|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Farman F.304France1931{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/farman-f-304-aviation-france-6478.htm|title=Farman F-304|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Farman F.306France1931{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/farman-f-306-aviation-france-6480.htm|title=Farman F-306|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Farman F.310France1931{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/farman-f-310-aviation-france-6481.htm|title=Farman F-310|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Felixstowe Porte BabyUK1916
Fiat BRGItaly1931
Fiat G.2Italy1932
Fiat G.12Italy1940
Fiat G.212Italy1947
Fokker F.10US1927
Fokker F.VIIA/3m & F.VIIB/3mNetherlands1925
Fokker F.IXNetherlands1929
Fokker F.XIINetherlands1930
Fokker F.XVIIINetherlands1932
Fokker F.XXNetherlands1933
Ford 4-AT/9-AT/11-AT TrimotorUS1926
Ford 5-AT/6-AT TrimotorUS1929
Ford 14-ATUS1932
Ford XB-906US1931
Grahame-White GanymedeUK1919
Handley Page Type W.8e/f & W.9aUK1921
Handley Page H.P.32 HamletUK1926
Handley Page H.P.43UK1932
Helmy AerogyptUK1939
Hise Model AUS1929
Hodkinson HT-1US1929{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_h.html|title=American airplanes: Ha - Hu|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Johns MultiplaneUS1919{{cite web|url=http://aerofiles.com/_j.html|title=American airplanes: Ja - Ju|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Junkers G 24Germany1924
Junkers G 31Germany1926
Junkers Ju 52/3mGermany1932
Junkers Ju 252Germany1941
Junkers Ju 352Germany1943
Kawanishi H3KJapan1930
Keystone PathfinderUS1927
Keystone PatricianUS1929
Kreutzer Air CoachUS1928{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_k.html|title=American airplanes: Ka - Ku|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
LWF model H OwlUS1920{{cite web |url=http://aerofiles.com/_lo.html |title=American airplanes: Lo - Lu |publisher=Aerofiles.com |date=2008-08-15 |access-date=2011-02-14}}
Lasco LascondorAustralia1930
Latécoère 4France1920
Latécoère 5France1924
Latécoère 24France1927
Latécoère 340France1930
Latécoère 350France1931
Latécoère 500 & 501France1932
Latécoère 582France1935
Latham TrimotorFrance1919{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/latham-trimoteur-aviation-france-5322.htm|title=Latham Trimoteur|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Lawson L-4US1924{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_la.html|title=American airplanes: La - Li|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Letov Š-32Czechoslovakia1931
Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15France1926{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/liore-et-olivier-leo-h-15-aviation-france-168.htm|title=Lioré et Olivier LeO H-15|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Loire 30France1932
Loire 60France1932
Loire 70France1933
Loring-Barrón Colonial T-III TrimotorSpain1932[http://img300.imageshack.us/img300/5306/figura05yh7.jpg ]{{dead link|date=June 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
Macchi M.C.100Italy1939
Nieuport-Delage NiD.590France1932{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/nieuport-delage-nid-590-aviation-france-559.htm|title=Nieuport-Delage NiD-590|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Nieuport-Delage NiD.740France1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/nieuport-delage-nid-740-aviation-france-553.htm|title=Nieuport-Delage NiD-740|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Northrop N-23 PioneerUS1946
Northrop C-125 RaiderUS1949
NVI F.K.33Netherlands1925
Oeffag G6 aka Pola 'G'Austria-Hungary1916{{cite web|url=http://flyingmachines.ru/Site2/Crafts/Craft29891.htm|title=Oeffag G 6|work=flyingmachines.ru|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Ogden OspreyUS1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_o.html|title=American airplanes: O|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
P.Z.L. 27Poland1934
P.Z.L. 4Poland1932
Pander S-4 PostjägerNetherlands1933
Piaggio P.16Italy1934
Piaggio P.23RItaly1936
Piper PA-32-3M prototypeUS1966
Potez XFrance1922
Potez 40France1930{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/potez-40-aviation-france-9990.htm|title=Potez 40|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Prudden TM-1US1928{{cite web |url=http://aerofiles.com/_pl.html |title=American airplanes: Pl - Qu |publisher=Aerofiles.com |date=2008-04-17 |access-date=2011-03-16}}
Prudden-Whitehead monoplaneUS1930
Renard R.30Belgium1931
Renard R.35Belgium1935
Rohrbach RolandGermany1926
Rohrbach RomarGermany1928
Romano R-16France1933{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/romano-r-16-aviation-france-9411.htm|title=Romano R-16|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Ryan Navion one off modificationUS1961 {{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
SABCA S.11Belgium1931
Saunders SevernUK1930
Saunders ValkyrieUK1926
Saro WindhoverUK1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.66Italy1931
Savoia-Marchetti S.71Italy1930
Savoia-Marchetti S.72Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti S.73Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.75Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.79Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81Italy1934
Savoia-Marchetti SM.82Italy1939
Savoia-Marchetti SM.83Italy1937
Savoia-Marchetti SM.84Italy1940
Short S.8 CalcuttaUK1928
Short RangoonUK1930
Short ValettaUK1930
Siemens-Schuckert R.IGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IIGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IIIGermany1915
Siemens-Schuckert R.IVGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VIGermany1916
Siemens-Schuckert R.VIIGermany1917
Sikorsky S-35US1926
SPCA 40TFrance1929
SPCA 90France1932
SPCA Météore 63France1925
Spartan CruiserUK1932
Stinson Model AUS1934
Stinson Model T/SM-6000US1930
Stinson Model UUS1932
Stout 3-ATUS1926
Stout Bushmaster 2000US1964
Supermarine Air YachtUK1930
Supermarine Nanok/SolentUK1927
Tellier 1100 ch/T7/Nieuport-Tellier TMFrance1919{{cite web|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/tellier-1100-ch-lorraine-aviation-france-8269.htm|title=Tellier 1100 ch Lorraine|work=aviafrance.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Tupolev ANT-9USSR1929
Tupolev MTB-1USSR1934
Vickers ViastraUK1929
Westland IV & WessexUK1930
Weymann 66France1933
Wibault 280France1930
Zenith AlbatrossUS1927{{cite web|url=http://aerofiles.com/_yz.html#_z|title=American airplanes: Y - Z|work=aerofiles.com|access-date=15 September 2015}}
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IGermany1915
Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IIGermany1916

See also

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite book

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H35YzdyTpDcC&q=Hise+%22Model+A%22&pg=PA66

| title = Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers

| author = Robert F. Pauley

| publisher = Arcadia Publishing

| year = 2009

| page = 66

| isbn = 9780738552187

| quote = Fred Hise, a Detroit industrialist, saw a market for a small, high-quality tri-motor for business use.

}}

}}

{{Lists of aircraft|state=collapsed}}

Category:Aircraft configurations

Category:Lists of aircraft by power source