Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
{{Short description|Subspecies of New World monkey}}
{{Subspeciesbox
| name = Trinidad white-fronted capuchin
| image = Trinidad White-fronted Capuchin imported from iNaturalist photo 65490767 on 29 December 2023.jpg
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Cebus
| species = albifrons
| subspecies = trinitatis
| authority = (Pusch, 1942)
| subdivision_ranks =
| subdivision =
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}
The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is a subspecies (Cebus albifrons trinitatis) or species (Cebus trinitatis) of gracile capuchin monkey. It is found on the island of Trinidad.
Taxonomy
Boubli et al. found in a 2012 study that the capuchins on Trinidad had derived from within C. olivaceus brunneus (or more specifically, the mitochondrial genes of the single Trinidad specimen they sampled derived from brunneus).{{cite book|author=Miller, Lynne E.|title=All the World's Primates|publisher=Pogonias Press|year=2016|isbn=9781940496061|editor=Rowe, Noel|page=283|editor2=Myers, Marc}}{{cite journal|author=Boubli, Jean P.|display-authors=etal|year=2012|title=Cebus Phylogenetic Relationships: A Preliminary Reassessment of the Diversity of the Untufted Capuchin Monkeys|url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CebusPhylogeneticRelationships.pdf|url-status=dead|journal=American Journal of Primatology|volume=74|issue=4|pages=1–13|doi=10.1002/ajp.21998|pmid=22311697|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103046/http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CebusPhylogeneticRelationships.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2018-12-30|s2cid=12171529}}{{cite book|author=Mittermeier, Russell A.|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates|author2=Rylands, Anthony B.|publisher=Lynx|year=2013|isbn=978-8496553897|editor=Mittermeier, Russell A.|pages=410–411|editor2=Rylands, Anthony B.|editor3=Wilson, Don E.}} However, the morphological distinctiveness of Trinidad populations has led to doubts over its taxonomic position. Further complicating this taxonomy is the fact that subsequent morphological inspection of the C. brunneus specimens used for the study found them to be distinct from the actual type specimen of C. brunneus.{{Cite iucn |last1=Urbani |first1=B. |last2=Boubli |first2=J.P. |last3=Lynch Alfaro |first3=J.W. |year=2021 |title=Cebus brunneus |page=e.T81237954A17981252 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T81237954A17981252.en |access-date=4 September 2022}} Due to this controversy, taxonomic authorities take differing views on the Trinidad capuchins; the IUCN Red List classifies them as a distinct, critically endangered species (C. trinitatis), the American Society of Mammalogists recognizes them as conspecific with C. brunneus, and the ITIS considers them a subspecies of the Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (C. a. trinitatis).{{Cite web|title=ITIS - Report: Cebus albifrons|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=572975#null|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.itis.gov}}{{Cite web|title=Explore the Database|url=https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1000830|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.mammaldiversity.org}} Furthermore, the ITIS listing for C. a. trinitatis notes: {{quote|Anthony Rylands (email dated 8 March, 2021) indicates that Cebus albifrons trinitatis Pusch, 1942 should no longer be considered a junior synonym of C.{{nbsp}}brunneus Allen, 1914, due to reconsideration of the specimens used in Boubli et al. (2012). New work on the genus is pending which will address this.}}
Habitat and distribution
The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is found on the island of Trinidad.{{cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates|year=2013|isbn=978-8496553897|publisher=Lynx| editor=Mittermeier, Russell A. |editor2=Rylands, Anthony B. |editor3=Wilson, Don E. | author=Mittermeier, Russell A. | author2 =Rylands, Anthony B. |pages=408–409}}{{cite book|title=All the World's Primates|author=Phillips, Kimberley A. | author2 = Jack, Katherine M. |editor=Rowe, Noel |editor2=Myers, Marc|page=282|year=2016|publisher=Pogonias Press|isbn=9781940496061}} It prefers primary forest but is also found in various types of secondary forest. It tends to prefer moister and less disturbed forest than other capuchin species.
The Trinidad white-fronted capuchin is classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, having a population of only 50 mature individuals.{{Cite iucn |last1=Seyjagat |first1=J. |last2=Biptah |first2=N. |last3=Ramsubage |first3=S. |last4=Lynch Alfaro |first4=J.W. |year=2021 |title=Cebus trinitatis |page=e.T4085A115560059 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T4085A115560059.en |access-date=4 September 2022}}
References
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Category:Mammals of the Caribbean