Trinity Chapel Complex

{{Infobox church

| name = Cathedral of St. Sava

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| other name = Trinity Chapel Complex

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| image = Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava.jpg

| image_size = 275px

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| caption = Church in 2011

| pushpin map = Lower Manhattan

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| coordinates = {{coord|40|44|37|N|73|59|24|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

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| location = 15 West 25th St.
Manhattan, New York City

| country = United States

| denomination = Serbian Orthodox

| previous denomination = Episcopal Church (United States)

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| website = {{URL|stsavanyc.org}}

| former name = Trinity Chapel

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| status = Cathedral

| functional status = Temporarily closed

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| architect = sanctuary:
Richard Upjohn
parish school:
Jacob Wrey Mould
clergy house:
Richard Upjohn &
Richard M. Upjohn
reredos & altar:
Frederick Clarke Withers

| architectural type =

| style = Gothic Revival

| years built = sanctuary: 1850–55
parish school: 1860
clergy house: 1866

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| diocese = Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Eastern America

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{{Infobox NRHP

| nrhp_type =

| embed = yes

| added = December 16, 1982

| refnum = 82001205{{NRISref|2009a}}

| designated_other2_name = New York City Landmark

| designated_other2_date = April 18, 1968

| designated_other2_abbr = NYCL

| designated_other2_link = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

| designated_other2_color = #ffe978

}}

The Trinity Chapel Complex, now better known as the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava ({{langx|sr|Црква светог Саве|Crkva svetog Save}}) is a historic Eastern Orthodox church at 15 West 25th Street between Broadway and the Avenue of the Americas (6th Avenue) in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

The church building was constructed in 1850–55 and was designed by architect Richard Upjohn in English Gothic Revival style. It was built as one of several uptown chapels of the Trinity Church parish, but was sold to the Serbian Eastern Orthodox parish in 1942, re-opening as the Cathedral of St. Sava in 1944.

The church complex includes the Trinity Chapel School, now the cathedral's Parish House, which was built in 1860 and was designed by Jacob Wrey Mould, a polychromatic Victorian Gothic building which is Mould's only extant structure in New York City. Attached to the sanctuary itself is the Clergy House at 26 West 26th Street, which was built in 1866 and was designed by Richard Upjohn and his son Richard M. Upjohn.{{cite AIA4}} p.199

The chapel was designated a New York City landmark in 1968,{{Cite web|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/SERBIAN-ORTHODOX.pdf|title=Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava and Clergy House and Parish House Designation Report|author=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|author-link=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|date=April 18, 1968|access-date=May 2, 2016}} and the complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

Most of the church was destroyed in a four-alarm fire on May 1, 2016. In June 2016 reports were circulating that the city of New York ordered that the remains of the structure be demolished, stating that the walls are too unstable to be allowed to stand.{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/06/14/scorched-cathedral-to-be-demolished-over-safety-concerns/|title=Scorched cathedral to be demolished over safety concerns|first1=Vinita|last1=Singla|first2=Yoav|last2=Gonen|first3=Chris|last3=Perez|date=14 June 2016|access-date=15 June 2016}} The Buildings Department quickly clarified that the inspection was not complete and they had not ordered the immediate demolition of the building and instead is working with the parish to stabilize the structure.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/nyregion/serbian-church-gutted-by-fire-wont-be-demolished-for-now.html|title=New York Serbian Church Gutted by Fire Won't Be Demolished, for Now|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=2016-06-14|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-08-12}}{{Cite web|url=http://stsavanyc.org/saint-sava-update-meeting-with-new-york-city-building-agencies/|title=Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Sava|website=stsavanyc.org|access-date=2016-08-12}}

In February 2023, reconstruction had advanced enough for a liturgy to be held within the shell of the partially rebuilt cathedral.

Architecture

File:Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava entrance.jpg

The exterior is made of heavy blocks of sandstone etched in a rough finish, accented with austere Gothic trim and details. The front façade sits on West 25th Street and faces south. It measures around {{convert|65|ft|m}} in width by roughly {{convert|100|ft|m}} in height. The façade is supported by four stone buttresses, framed by delicate stone turrets at the sides, and punctuated by a large rose window above the entrance.{{Cite web|author=Ogorodnikov, Vitali|url=http://newyorkyimby.com/2016/05/mourning-the-landmark-serbian-orthodox-cathedral-of-st-sava-15-west-25th-street-gutted-by-four-alarm-blaze-on-easter-day.html|title=Mourning the Landmark Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava, 15 West 25th Street, Gutted by Four-Alarm Blaze on Easter Day|website=New York YIMBY|date=May 3, 2016|access-date=May 4, 2016}}

Prior to the fire that took place May 1, 2016, the church was known to have had one of the largest timber hammerbeam roofs in the City of New York.{{Cite web|url=http://ny.curbed.com/2016/5/2/11572356/serbian-orthodox-cathedral-st-sava-fire|title=Fire at Landmarked Flatiron Church Is Out, But Origin Remains Unclear|last=Rosenberg|first=Zoe|date=2016-05-02|website=Curbed NY|access-date=2016-05-03}}

History

=Trinity Chapel=

With the population of New York City moving ever-northward up Manhattan island in the mid-19th century, Trinity Church, the center of Episcopalianism in the city, needed to provide for its uptown parishioners, especially in the increasingly sought-after residential neighborhoods around Union and Madison Squares.{{cite nycland}} p.80 The church's solution was to build a chapel, named Trinity Chapel, on West 25th Street just off of Madison Square as an uptown annex.{{cite fromatoz}}, p.244 The architect selected was Richard Upjohn, who designed the third and current version of Trinity Church, as well as the Church of the Ascension on Fifth Avenue and West 10th Street, as well as many other churches in the Gothic Revival mode in the northeast.

The parish was a wealthy and influential one, and Trinity was the only one of Trinity Church's chapels which was capable of supporting itself without assistance from the home church. In 1865 in Trinity Episcopal Church the Orthodox Liturgy was held for the first time in American history. Among the congregants was writer Edith Wharton, who was married in the church in 1885. In 1892, the reredos and altar were redesigned by Frederick Clarke Withers.

=Cathedral of St. Sava=

File:Nikola Tesla bust at St. Sava.jpg outside the cathedral]]

By 1930, as the rich and influential continued their uptown migration, the neighborhood around Madison Square had seriously declined. The chapel was now located within the Tenderloin, the city's main entertainment and red light district, and the congregation had dwindled. A Serbian Orthodox congregation, founded in the 1930s, purchased the building in 1942, with assistance from various Serbian churches, and the building re-opened in 1944 as a Serbian Orthodox cathedral dedicated to Saint Sava, the patron saint of the Serbs. The first pastor was Rev. Dushan Shoulkletovich. Peter II, the last king of Yugoslavia attended services here.

Gradual changes were made to the sanctuary to make it more Eastern Orthodox in style. A hand-carved oak iconostasis was added in 1962.{{Cite web|url=http://daytoninmanhattan.blogspot.com/2010/11/richard-upjohns-1851-trinity-chapel.html|title=Daytonian in Manhattan: Richard Upjohn's 1851 Trinity Chapel -- The Serbian Cathedral of St. Sava|last=Miller|first=Tom|date=2010-11-03|website=Daytonian in Manhattan|access-date=2016-05-03}} The Byzantine, hand-carved Iconostasis, brought from the Monastery of St. Naum in Ohrid, Yugoslavia, was placed in the cathedral and blessed.{{Cite web|url=http://stsavanyc.org/history/|title=History of the Cathedral of St. Sava in New York|website=Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava|access-date=May 2, 2016}}

The Icons on the Iconostasis were written by Russian iconographer, Ivan Meljinkov.

When a bomb went off near the church on September 4, 1966{{cite news|author=King, Seth|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/09/05/82509037.pdf|title=Bomb Damages Red Offices and a Cathedral Here - Bomb Damages Red Offices and Cathedral Here|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 5, 1966|access-date=May 3, 2016}} destroying some of the stained glass, they were replaced with new ones commissioned in Byzantine style.

Serbian Orthodox Patriarch Pavle visited St. Sava Cathedral in October 1992. This was the first time the New York Church community was visited by a Patriarch.

Outside the church are busts of Bishop Nikolai Velimirovich, who was instrumental in founding the parish, helped to organize the Serbian Orthodox Church in America, and was in later years the "luminary-in-residence" at the cathedral; Nikola Tesla, the inventor and entrepreneur; and Michael Pupin, a physicist of Serbian heritage.

Prior to the fire of May 1, 2016 around $4 million had been spent on renovations to the cathedral's roof, gutters, and its attached community center in the past decade.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/congregation-mourns-serbian-orthodox-church-destroyed-by-fire-1462236542|title=Congregation Mourns Serbian Orthodox Church Destroyed by Fire|last=Kanno-Youngs|first=Zolan|date=2016-05-03|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-05-05}} The church's ceiling was repainted during those renovations to depict a nighttime sky.

2016 fire

File:St Sava May 3 2016.jpgOn May 1, 2016, a massive fire occurred at the church, on the day Orthodox Christians were celebrating Easter, destroying most of the building.{{cite news|author1=Rosario, Frank |author2=Sullivan, C.J. |author3=Wilson, Tom |author4=Perez, Chris |name-list-style=amp |title=Massive fire breaks out at Manhattan church|url=https://nypost.com/2016/05/01/massive-fire-breaks-out-at-manhattan-church/|newspaper=New York Post|date=May 1, 2016|access-date=May 1, 2016}} The four-alarm fire started at 6:49 p.m. local time and was brought under control by 8:30 p.m.{{Cite web |author1=Kapp, Trevor |author2=Cuilliton, Kathleen |author3=Nichols, Adam |author4=Gardiner, Aidan |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160501/chelsea/massive-fire-rips-through-chelseas-historic-serbian-orthodox-cathedral |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109152842/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160501/chelsea/massive-fire-rips-through-chelseas-historic-serbian-orthodox-cathedral |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 9, 2017 |title=Massive Fire Rips Through Historic Serbian Orthodox Cathedral |website=DNAinfo New York |date=May 2, 2016 |access-date=May 3, 2016 }} More than 170 firefighters overall were involved.{{Cite news|author1=Mai, Andy |author2=Annese, John |name-list-style=amp |date=May 1, 2016|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/firefighters-battle-fire-manhattan-church-article-1.2620952|title=Firefighters battle blaze at Manhattan church|newspaper=New York Daily News|access-date=2016-05-02}}

There was one minor injury.{{cite news|title=Firefighters Contain Huge Fire at New York City Church|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/firefighters-battle-huge-fire-york-city-church-38805013|newspaper=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|date=May 1, 2016|access-date=May 2, 2016}}

The stone walls of the cathedral remain standing, and have been deemed to be structurally sound and not currently in danger of collapsing. Church officials have indicated they will examine whether any part of the structure could be preserved.{{Cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2016/05/09/church-head-wants-fbi-to-take-over-fire-investigation |title=Church head wants FBI to take over fire investigation |last1=Cohen |first1=Shawn |last2=Perez |first2=Chris |name-list-style=amp |date=May 10, 2016 |newspaper=New York Post |access-date=2016-05-13}}

The parish house associated with the Chapel Complex was not harmed by fire.{{Cite web|url=http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/354850/Crkva-osigurana-ali-to-nece-nadoknaditi-stetu#|title=Црква осигурана, али то неће надокнадити штету|last=Мишић|first=Милан|website=Politika Online|language=sr-RS|access-date=2016-05-19}}

= Aftermath =

File:At New York, USA 2017 291.jpg

File:Cathedral Rebuilding (51162611021).jpg

St. Sava parishioners reunited a few blocks away the first Sunday after the fire at Gramercy Park's Episcopal Calvary-St. George's Parish Church to worship.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/manhattan-serbian-orthodox-church-holds-service-fire-article-1.2629451|title=Manhattan Serbian Orthodox church holds first service since fire|website=NY Daily News|access-date=2016-05-13}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/09/nyregion/after-a-manhattan-church-is-destroyed-in-a-fire-another-welcomes-its-members.html|title=After a Manhattan Church Is Destroyed in a Fire, Another Welcomes Its Members|last=Remnick|first=Noah|date=2016-05-08|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-13}}

Church officials indicate there will be plans to rebuild at the current site. Offers of support, including a letter from Patriarch Bartholomew, have been shared with the parishioners of the church.{{Cite web|url=http://stsavanyc.org/letter-of-support-from-his-holiness-patriarch-bartholomew/|title=Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Sava|website=stsavanyc.org|access-date=2016-05-13}}

Serbia's Foreign Minister Ivica Dačić indicated that the City of New York would be asked through diplomatic channels to aid in the rebuilding of the church. He also indicated Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić authorized him to say that the government will help rebuild the church, "because it has great significance for the Serbian community and the Serbian spirit in New York."{{Cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2016&mm=05&dd=16&nav_id=98010|title=Dacic tours Serbian church in NYC destroyed in Easter fire - - on B92.net|website=B92.net|access-date=2016-05-19}}

As of two days after the fire, the definitive cause of the fire had not been determined. Candles that had not been properly extinguished after an Easter service were identified as a likely cause, according to a spokesperson of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY). A caretaker told fire marshals that he stowed the candles in a cardboard box under a piece of wooden furniture in a rear corner of the 161-year-old church.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/nyregion/candles-may-have-caused-fire-that-gutted-serbian-church-officials-say.html|title=Candles May Have Caused Fire That Gutted Serbian Church, Officials Say|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2016-05-03|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-05-04}}{{Cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2016/05/03/church_fire_serbia_croatia.php|title=Some Fear "Apocalyptic" Manhattan Church Fire May Be Connected To Other Church Fires|last=Signore|first=John Del|website=Gothamist|access-date=2016-05-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504172037/http://gothamist.com/2016/05/03/church_fire_serbia_croatia.php|archive-date=2016-05-04}}

Nearly a month after the fire FDNY spokesman Frank Gribbon indicated conclusively that, "Fire marshals have ... determined that candles, which had not been completely extinguished, caused the fire."{{Cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2016/06/03/tragic-cathedral-fire-sparked-by-easter-candles| title=Tragic cathedral fire sparked by Easter candles |last1=Cohen |first1=Shawn |last2=Perez |first2=Chris |name-list-style=amp |date=June 3, 2016 |newspaper=New York Post | access-date=2016-06-07}} It was reported that the city has ordered the remains of the church demolished, calling them unstable. The Buildings Department quickly clarified that the inspection was not complete and they had not ordered the immediate demolition of the building. In August 2016 city Building Department ordered that metal beams be used to shore up the walls and the building be covered with a waterproof canvas to keep it from being damaged further by the elements; this was completed in September 2016.

= Rebuilding efforts =

In May 2018 the parish filed a lawsuit against their insurer Church Mutual for $47M USD.{{cite web |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/5/7/17326968/flatiron-new-york-st-sava-church-fire-insurance |title=Fire-ravaged Flatiron church files suit against insurer |last=Rosenberg |first=Zoe |date=May 7, 2018 |website=Curbed New York |access-date=3 July 2018}} The insurer's payment was $12.7M USD based on the 1945 purchase price and subsequent improvements. The church countered that the payment did not account for present day rebuilding costs, which the church said were $60M USD.{{cite web |url=https://nypost.com/2018/05/05/historic-church-destroyed-in-fire-claims-insurer-shorted-payout/ |title=Historic church destroyed in fire claims insurer shorted payout |last=Boniello |first=Kathianne |date=May 5, 2018 |website=New York Post|access-date=3 July 2018}} The parish and the insurer reached an undisclosed settlement in April 2019.

{{cite web |url=http://nycitylens.com/2019/04/rising-from-the-ashes/ |title=Rising from the Ashes |date=29 April 2019 |access-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829033557/http://nycitylens.com/2019/04/rising-from-the-ashes/ |archive-date=29 August 2019}} Installation of the new roof over the nave was completed in July 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.easterndiocese.org/news_190713_2|title=Nave roof completed! (July 13, 2019) |website=Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Eastern America |access-date=August 31, 2019}} As of November 2019 steel I-beams for the new floor were being installed as well as framing for the windows which will be fitted with temporary acrylic panels.{{cite web |url=https://www.easterndiocese.org/news_191127_2|title=Bishop Irinej reviews Cathedral construction (November 27, 2019) |website=Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Eastern America |access-date=4 December 2019}} An image captured in March 2020 showed that the building had been enclosed.{{cite web |url=https://serborth.org/images/PatriarchNewYork/PatriarchNewYork1.jpg|title=Serbian Patriarch Irinej Arrived in New York - 03/04/20|access-date=29 July 2020}}

On February 7, 2023 the first Divine Liturgy since the fire was held within the shell of the partially rebuilt cathedral.{{cite web |title=First Divine Liturgy at Saint Sava Cathedral After the Devastating Fire from Seven years Ago |url=https://stsavanyc.org/photographs-and-a-video-from-the-first-divine-liturgy-at-saint-sava-cathedral-after-the-devastating-fire-from-seven-years-ago/ |website=stsavanyc.org |publisher=Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Sava |access-date=17 February 2023}}

References

External links

{{commons category|Serbian Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sava (Manhattan)}}

[http://www.stsavanyc.org/ Official website]
[http://www.trinitywallstreet.org/about/history/guide-to-archives/congregational-office#chapels Trinity Chapel records at Trinity Wall Street Archives]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KjCZ_QPqCc Cathedral of St. Sava]
[http://edithwhartonsnewyork.blogspot.rs/2013/01/trinity-chapel.html Trinity Chapel], Edith Wharton's New York, January 20, 2013

Category:1855 establishments in New York (state)

Category:19th-century Episcopal church buildings

Category:2016 fires in the United States

Category:2016 in New York City

Category:Cathedrals in New York City

Category:Churches completed in 1855

Category:Churches in Manhattan

Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)

Category:Eastern Orthodox churches in New York City

Category:Building and structure fires in New York City

Category:Church fires in the United States

Category:Former Episcopal church buildings in New York City