Triphysaria
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants belonging to the broomrape family}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Triphysaria eriantha.jpg
|image_caption = Triphysaria eriantha
|taxon = Triphysaria
|authority = Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = 5, see text
}}
Triphysaria is a genus of five plants in the family Orobanchaceae, commonly known as owl's-clovers.{{PLANTS|id=TRIPH3|taxon=Triphysaria|accessdate=15 December 2015}} This genus is closely related to the genera Castilleja and Orthocarpus. Triphysaria species are native to western North America, including one species that is endemic to California.
Description
These plants, like those in many other genera of the family, are facultative hemiparasites on other plants. They produce haustoria that tap into the roots of other plants to extract some of the nutrients they need.
The plants bear spike inflorescences of pouched, folded flowers that have lips shaped like the beak of an owl.
While the plants contain their own chlorophyll and are able to undergo photosynthesis, this process is limited. Without host plants, the species cannot flourish as greatly.{{Cite journal |last=Marvier |first=Michelle A. |date=1998 |title=Parasite Impacts on Host Communities: Plant Parasitism in a California Coastal Prairie |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/176505 |journal=Ecology |volume=79 |issue=8 |pages=2616–2623 |doi=10.2307/176505 |jstor=176505 |bibcode=1998Ecol...79.2616M |issn=0012-9658|url-access=subscription }}
Species
- Triphysaria eriantha - johnny-tuck, butter-and-eggs
- Triphysaria floribunda - San Francisco owl's-clover [California endemic]
- Triphysaria micrantha - purplebeak owl's-clover
- Triphysaria pusilla - dwarf owl's-clover
- Triphysaria versicolor - yellowbeak owl's-clover
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7585 Jepson Manual Treatment: Triphysaria]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080506091222/http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/T/Triphysaria_versicolor.asp zipcodezoo: Triphysaria]
=Further reading=
- Yoder, J. I. and D. S. Jamison. (2001). Heritable variation in quinone-induced haustorium development in the parasitic plant Triphysaria. Plant Physiology 125 1870
- Torres M. J., Tomilov A. A., Tomilova N., Reagan R. L., Yoder J. I. 2005. Pscroph, a parasitic plant EST database enriched for parasite associated transcripts BMC Plant Biology 5:24 (16 November 2005)
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5234136}}
Category:Flora of the Western United States
{{Orobanchaceae-stub}}