Trisquel

{{short description|Linux distribution based on Ubuntu}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}

{{Use British English|date=March 2023}}

{{Infobox OS

| name = Trisquel GNU/Linux

| logo = Logo-Trisquel.svg

| logo size = x64px

| screenshot = Trisquel 11.0.png

| caption = Trisquel 11.0 desktop

| developer = The Trisquel Project{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/|title=Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!|work=trisquel.info|access-date=8 November 2015}} and Sognus, S.L.U.

| family = Linux (Unix-like)

| released = {{Start date and age|2007|01|30}}{{cite web|url= http://trisquel.uvigo.es/gl/node/289|title= Publicación de Trisguel 1.0|access-date= 15 October 2020|author= The Trisquel Project|work= trisquel.uvigo.es|date= 30 January 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070203145203/http://trisquel.uvigo.es/gl/node/289|archive-date= 3 February 2007|url-status= live}}

| latest_preview_version =

| latest_release_version = 11.0{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/download|title=Download | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

| latest_release_date = {{Start date and age|2023|03|19}}

| license =

| marketing_target = Home users, small enterprises and educational centers

| source_model =

| kernel_type = Monolithic (Linux-libre{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/documentation|title=Documentation | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!|access-date=2016-03-05}})

| userland = GNU

| ui = *LXDE, MATE and KDE (9.0 or above)

| working_state = Current{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/download|title=Download - Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!|work=trisquel.info|access-date=24 May 2015}}

| website = {{URL|https://trisquel.info/}}

| supported_platforms = amd64, i386, ARM, POWER9{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement|title=Trisquel 11.0 "Aramo" release announcement | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

| updatemodel = Long-term support

| package_manager = APT, Synaptic (GTK+ frontend), dpkg

}}

Trisquel (full name Trisquel GNU/Linux) is a computer operating system, a Linux distribution, derived from another distribution, Ubuntu.{{cite web |url=http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20101004#feature |title=Trisquel GNU/Linux - a free distribution |last=Smith |first=Jesse |date=October 4, 2010 |publisher=DistroWatch |access-date=September 13, 2012}} The project aims for a fully free software system without proprietary software or firmware and uses a version of Ubuntu's modified kernel, with the non-free code (binary blobs) removed.{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/how-trisquel-made |title=How Trisquel is Made |access-date=May 12, 2015 |publisher=Trisquel.info}} Trisquel relies on user donations.{{cite web |url=http://www.elcomercio.com/tecnologia/factores-usar-software_0_682131910.html |title=Siete factores antes de usar 'software' |language=es |date=April 14, 2012 |publisher=El Comercio |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-date=January 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102154933/http://www.elcomercio.com/tecnologia/factores-usar-software_0_682131910.html |url-status=dead }} Its logo is a triskelion, a Celtic symbol.{{cite web |url=http://trisquel.info/en/how-trisquel-pronounced |title=How is "Trisquel" pronounced? |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=September 14, 2012}} Trisquel is listed by the Free Software Foundation as a distribution that contains only free software.{{cite web|title=List of Free GNU/Linux Distributions|url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html|access-date=13 May 2014}}

Overview

Four basic versions are available.

= Trisquel =

The standard Trisquel distribution includes the MATE desktop environment and graphical user interface (GUI), and English, Spanish and 48 other localizations, 50 in total, on a 2.9 GB live DVD image. Other translations can be downloaded if an internet connection is present during installation.{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/download |title=Download Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

= Trisquel Mini =

Trisquel Mini is an alternative to mainline Trisquel, designed to run well on netbooks and older hardware. It uses the low-resource environment LXDE and lightweight GTK+ and X Window System alternatives to GNOME and Qt-KDE applications.{{cite web |url=http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-mini |title=Trisquel Mini |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=September 13, 2012}} The LXDE desktop only includes English and Spanish localizations, and can install from a 1.5 GB live DVD image.https://trisquel.info/en/download

= Triskel =

Triskel is another alternative to mainline Trisquel using the KDE graphical interface, available as a 2.3 GB ISO DVD live image.https://trisquel.info/en/downloads

= Trisquel Sugar TOAST =

Sugar is a free and open source desktop environment designed with the goal of being used by children for interactive learning. Sugar replaces the standard MATE desktop environment available with Trisquel.{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/editions-0|title=Editions | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

= Trisquel NetInstall =

NetInstall consists of a 25MB CD iso image with just the minimal amount of software to start the installation via a text based network installer and fetch the remaining packages over the Internet.

Internationalization

The full installation includes 51 languages (Albanian, Arabic, Aranese, Asturian, Basque, Bulgarian, Catalan, Central Khmer, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Low German, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, Occitan, Punjabi, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Thai, Turkish, Valencian and Vietnamese) pre-installed in a downloadable 1.2-gigabyte DVD image.{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/which-languages-trisquel-available|title=Which languages is Trisquel available in? | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

Source code

Source code for the full Trisquel 11 installation is also available in a downloadable of about 8.8 or 9.4-gigabyte tar file.{{Cite web |date=11 December 2023 |title=trisquel_11.0_sources.tar |url=https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211171255/https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar |archive-date=11 December 2023 }}

The source code can also be obtained with a torrent file.{{Cite web |date=11 December 2023 |title=trisquel_11.0_sources.tar.torrent |url=https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar.torrent |access-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211172055/https://cdimage.trisquel.info/trisquel-images/trisquel_11.0_sources.tar.torrent |archive-date=11 December 2023 }}

History

The project began in 2004 with sponsorship of the University of Vigo for Galician language support in education software and was officially presented in April 2005 with Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU Project, as a special guest.{{cite news | url = http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/hemeroteca/2005/04/28/3679855.shtml | title = Richard Stallman, defensor del software libre, sorprendió a los universitarios | language = es | date = April 28, 2005 | newspaper = La Voz de Galicia | access-date = November 26, 2008 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130728214531/http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/hemeroteca/2005/04/28/3679855.shtml | archive-date = July 28, 2013 }} According to project director Rubén Rodríguez, the support for Galician has created interest in South American and Mexican communities of emigrants from the Province of Ourense.{{cite web |url=http://elprogreso.galiciae.com/noticia/14711/software-libre-da-terra-compartindo-cultura |title=Software libre da terra, compartindo cultura |language=gl |last=García |first=Ana |date=May 17, 2007 |publisher=El Progreso |access-date=September 13, 2012}}

By December 2008, Trisquel was included by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in its list of GNU/Linux distributions endorsed by the Free Software Foundation.{{cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-distros.html |title=Free GNU/Linux distributions |publisher=Free Software Foundation |access-date=September 13, 2012}}

Release history

{{Version|l|show=111101}}

class="wikitable"
Version

!Code name

!Release date

!Supported until

!Kernel

!Default Desktop environment

!Based on

{{Version|o|1.0}}

| Arianrhod

| 2007-01-30

| {{n/a}}

| Linux 2.6.18.6

| GNOME 2.14

| Debian 4.0 (Etch)

{{Version|o|2.0 LTS}}

| Robur

| 2008-07-24{{cite web |url=http://trisquel.uvigo.es/ |title=Proxecto Trisquel |date=July 24, 2008 |language=gl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724163251/http://trisquel.uvigo.es/ |archive-date=July 24, 2008 |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2014-03-02{{cite web |url=http://oldarchive.trisquel.info/trisquel/dists/ |title=Index of /trisquel/dists |access-date=August 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045735/http://oldarchive.trisquel.info/trisquel/dists/ |archive-date=August 8, 2014 }}{{cite web |url=http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2014-March/000016.html |title=[Trisquel-announce] [Trisquel-devel] Robur, Dagda and Brigantia moved to oldarchive |date=March 2, 2014 |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| Linux 2.6.24

| GNOME 2.22

| Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

{{Version|o|3.0 STS}}

| Dwyn

| 2009-09-08{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-3.0-sts-dwyn-ready |title=Trisquel 3.0 STS "Dwyn" has landed! |date=September 8, 2009 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2011-05-11{{cite web |url=http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2011-May/000007.html |title=[Trisquel-announce] Trisquel 3.0 STS Dwyn reaches end of life, 3.5 soon to follow |date=May 11, 2011 |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| Linux-libre 2.6.28

| GNOME 2.26

| Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

{{Version|o|3.5 STS}}

| Awen

| 2010-03-22{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-35-awen-release-announcement |title=Trisquel 3.5 Awen release announcement |date=March 22, 2010 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2011-07-14{{cite web |url=http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-devel/2011-July/000492.html |title=[Trisquel-devel] Trisquel 5.0 development repository up, 3.5 reaches end of life |date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| Linux-libre 2.6.31

| GNOME 2.28

| Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

{{Version|o|4.0 LTS}}

| Taranis

| 2010-09-18{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-40-lts-taranis-strikes |title=Trisquel 4.0 LTS "Taranis" strikes! |date=September 18, 2010 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2015{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/versions |title=Versions |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| Linux-libre 2.6.32

| GNOME 2.30

| Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

{{Version|o|4.5 STS}}

| Slaine

| 2011-03-24{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-45-slaine-released |title=Trisquel 4.5 "Slaine" released |date=March 24, 2011 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2012-09-15{{cite web |url=http://listas.trisquel.info/pipermail/trisquel-announce/2012-September/000013.html |title=[Trisquel-announce] Trisquel 4.5 Slaine reached end of life |date=September 15, 2012 |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| Linux-libre 2.6.35

| GNOME 2.32

| Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

{{Version|o|5.0 STS}}

| Dagda

| 2011-09-17{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-50-release-announcement |title=Trisquel 5.0 Release announcement |date=September 17, 2011 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2014-03-02

| Linux-libre 2.6.38

| GNOME 2.32

| Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)

{{Version|o|5.5 STS}}

| Brigantia

| 2012-04-16{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-55-sts-brigantia-release-announcement |title=Trisquel 5.5 STS Brigantia release announcement |date=April 16, 2012 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2014-03-02

| Linux-libre 3.0

| GNOME 3.2

| Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

{{Version|o|6.0 LTS}}

| Toutatis

| 2013-03-09{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-60-lts-toutatis-has-arrived |title=Trisquel 6.0 LTS "Toutatis" has arrived! |date=March 9, 2013 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=August 3, 2014}}

| 2017

| Linux-libre 3.2

| GNOME 3.4

| Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

{{Version|o|7.0 LTS}}

| Belenos

| 2014-11-03{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-70-lts-belenos |title=Trisquel 7.0 LTS Belenos |date=November 3, 2014 |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=November 3, 2014}}

| 2019

| Linux-libre 3.13

| GNOME 3.12

| Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)

{{Version|o|8.0 LTS}}

| Flidas{{Cite web|url=https://devel.trisquel.info/trisquel/package-helpers/commit/597aa87a0ca4fb4f1ee72e63fd00c12a96fe03f6|title=Update config file for next Trisquel release|publisher=Trisquel at Gitlab|date=February 22, 2016|access-date=February 23, 2016}}

| 2018-04-18

| 2021{{Cite web |date=2018-04-18 |title=Trisquel 8.0 LTS Flidas |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-80-lts-flidas}}

| Linux-libre 4.4

| MATE 1.12

| Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus)

{{Version|o|9.0 LTS}}

|Etiona{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-90-development-plans|title=Trisquel 9.0 development plans|date=April 18, 2018}}

|2020-10-16{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/release-announcement-trisquel-901-etiona-security-update|title=Release announcement: Trisquel 9.0.1 Etiona security update | Trisquel GNU/Linux - Run free!}}

|2023-04{{Cite web |date=2023-09-15 |title=Release announcement: Trisquel 9.0.1 Etiona security update |url=https://trisquel.info/en/release-announcement-trisquel-901-etiona-security-update}}

|Linux-libre 4.15

|MATE 1.20

|Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)

{{Version|co|10.0 LTS}}

|Nabia{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/forum/trisquel-10-name#comment-154173|title=Trisquel 10 name|date=4 December 2020}}

|2022-02-01{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-10-nabia-release-announcement|title=Trisquel 10.0 Nabia release announcement|date=1 February 2022}}

|2025-04

|Linux-libre 5.4

|MATE 1.24

|Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)

{{Version|c|11.0 LTS}}

|Aramo{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/forum/trisquel-11-needs-name#comment-165623|title=Trisquel 11 Needs A Name|date=1 February 2022}}

|2023-03-19{{Cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement|title=Trisquel 11.0 Aramo release announcement|date=19 March 2023}}

|2027

|Linux-libre 5.15{{cite web|url= https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/aramo|title= Aramo|access-date= 15 April 2023|author= Trisquel|work= trisquel.info|archive-url= https://archive.today/20230419125656/https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/aramo|archive-date= 19 April 2023|url-status= live}}

|MATE 1.26

|Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)

The releases that use GNOME 3.x use GNOME Classic/Flashback, rather than the default GNOME Shell. Starting with version 6, Trisquel is based on the LTS Version of Ubuntu.{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/2013-03-05-meeting |publisher=Trisquel |title=2013-03-05 Meeting |date=March 5, 2013 |access-date=November 29, 2014}}

Current versions include this common software:

  • Abrowser, a rebranded version of Firefox that never suggests non-free add-ons, and includes no trademarked art or names. It features privacy enhancing modifications such as not starting network connections on its own.{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-80-lts-flidas |publisher=Trisquel |title=Trisquel 8.0 LTS Flidas |date=April 4, 2018 |access-date=July 12, 2018}} It is rebranded because the Mozilla Trademark Policy forbids modifications that include their trademark without consent.{{cite web |url=https://www.mozilla.org/foundation/trademarks/policy.html |publisher=Mozilla |title=Mozilla Trademark Policy |date=October 30, 2009 |access-date=December 19, 2012}}

Prior editions:

  • Gnash, a SWF viewer, instead of Adobe Flash Player, which is proprietary software.{{cite web |url=http://www.pro-linux.de/news/1/17514/trisquel-50-veroeffentlicht.html |title=Trisquel 5.0 veröffentlicht |language=de |trans-title=Trisquel 5.0 published |last=Baader |first=Hans-Joachim |date=September 20, 2011 |publisher=Pro-Linux |access-date=September 13, 2012}}

File:Trisquel-edu.jpg.]]

  • Trisquel Pro was business-oriented and small. It was part of the Trisquel 2.0 LTS Robur (2008), but no other release followed.{{cite web |url=https://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-pro |title=Trisquel Pro |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=December 19, 2012}}
  • Trisquel Edu was education-oriented, for schools and universities. Like Trisquel Pro, no other release followed Trisquel 2.0 Robur (2008).{{cite web |url=http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-edu-0 |title=Trisquel Edu |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=September 13, 2012}}
  • Trisquel on Sugar was education-oriented, based on the Sugar desktop environment for interactive learning for children. It was released at the same time as Trisquel 7.
  • Trisquel Gamer was an independent edition maintained by David Zaragoza. It included 55 free software games and could boot from a live DVD or USB drive. It was released with Trisquel 3.5 (2010), which is no longer supported.{{cite web |url=http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-gamer |title=Trisquel Gamer |last=Zaragoza |first=David |publisher=The Trisquel Project |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906063717/http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/trisquel-gamer |url-status=dead }}

Reception

File:Trisquel 6.0 LTS screenshot.png Mode]]

Jesse Smith of DistroWatch reviewed the 4.0 release, Taranis, and described it as refined and dependable. He portrayed difficulty with removing software as his main problem with the release. He complimented it as an operating system that showcased utility instead of mere compliance with free software criteria.

Jesse Smith also reviewed Trisquel 7.0 in 2014, writing "Whenever I boot up Trisquel I find myself wondering whether the free software only distribution will be able to hold its own when it comes to hardware drivers, multimedia support and productivity software. The answer I came to when running Trisquel 7.0 is that, yes, the distribution appears to be nearly as capable as operating systems that do not stick to the FSF's definition of free software. Some people who use hardware that requires binary blobs or non-free drivers may face problems and Flash support isn't perfect when using the free Gnash player, but otherwise Trisquel appears to be every bit as functional as other mainstream Linux distributions. The software Trisquel ships with appears to be stable, functional and user friendly. The distribution is easy to install, I found it pleasant to use and I didn't encounter any problems. People who value or wish to promote free software should definitely try running Trisquel, it's an excellent example of what can be accomplished with free software."{{Cite web|url=https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20141201#trisquel|title=DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD.|website=distrowatch.com}}

Jim Lynch of Desktop Linux Reviews reviewed the 5.5 release, Brigantia, and described it as "well-ordered and well developed" and recommended it to users whether they care about only using free software or not. Lynch stated that the release was suitable for beginners and advanced users.{{cite news |url=http://desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/04/24/trisquel-5-5/all/1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817103632/http://desktoplinuxreviews.com/2012/04/24/trisquel-5-5/all/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 17, 2012 |title=Trisquel 5.5 |access-date=April 28, 2012 |last=Lynch |first=Jim |date=April 24, 2012 |publisher=Desktop Linux Reviews }}

Chris Fisher and Matt Hartley of The Linux Action Show! praised the design, ease of use, and hardware support of Trisquel 5.5 and Trisquel 5.5 Mini, but found that the Linux-libre kernel found in Trisquel impedes functionality of proprietary wireless devices. They argued that the distribution was targeting power users and that new users should use a different distribution.{{cite web |url=http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/23996/trisquel-gnulinux-review-las-s23e05/ |title=Trisquel GNU/Linux Review - LAS - s23e05 |last1=Fisher |first1=Chris |last2=Hartley |first2=Matt |date=September 2, 2012 |publisher=Jupiter Broadcasting |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623222317/http://www.jupiterbroadcasting.com/23996/trisquel-gnulinux-review-las-s23e05/ |url-status=dead }}

Richard Stallman has mentioned that he is using Trisquel on a Thinkpad X200 with Libreboot as of 2022, and has previously used the Lemote Yeeloong.{{cite web |url=https://www.stallman.org/stallman-computing.html |title=Richard Stallman's personal site - How I do my computing|last=Stallman |first=Richard| access-date=September 21, 2024}}

Hardware

IA-32 and x86-64 CPU architectures were supported since Trisquel 5.5, which includes free software compatible chipsets.{{cite web|url=http://trisquel.info/en/wiki/thinkpenguin|title=ThinkPenguin|work=trisquel.info|access-date=24 May 2015}} However, IA-32 support was dropped with the release of Trisquel 10.{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-10-nabia-release-announcement|title=Trisquel 10.0 Nabia release announcement|work=trisquel.info|access-date=27 June 2022}} Support for 32-bit ARM processors with a floating point unit (armhf) was added in the same release. 64-bit ARM and POWER support was added in Trisquel 11.0.{{cite web|url=https://trisquel.info/en/trisquel-110-aramo-release-announcement|title=Trisquel 11.0 "Aramo" release announcement|access-date=1 January 2024}}

See also

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

{{clear}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}