Triton Hopper

{{Infobox spaceflight

| name = Triton Hopper

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| image = Triton Hopper.png

| image_caption = Artist's concept of the Triton Hopper

| mission_type = Reconnaissance

| operator = NASA

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| spacecraft_type = Robotic

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| dry_mass = 500 kg{{cite web |url=http://scitech.aiaa.org/InnovativeAdvancedConcepts/ |title=NASA's Far-Out Space Concepts |first=Ben |last=Iannotta |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |date=13 January 2017 |access-date=29 September 2017 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232456/http://scitech.aiaa.org/InnovativeAdvancedConcepts/ |url-status=dead }}

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{{Infobox spaceflight/IP

|type = lander

|object = Triton

|arrival_date =

}}

File:Voyager 2 Triton 14bg r90ccw colorized.jpg geysers]]

Triton Hopper is a proposed NASA lander to Triton, the largest moon of Neptune.{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/triton-hopper-exploring-neptunes-captured-kuiper-belt-object/ |title=Triton Hopper: Exploring Neptune's Captured Kuiper Belt Object |date=7 May 2015 |author=Steven Oleson |publisher=NASA Glenn Research Center |accessdate=11 February 2017 }} The idea is to harvest the abundant nitrogen ice on the surface of Triton and use it as propellant for multiple short flights and explore a variety of locations. The concept transitioned in March 2018 to Phase II to refine their designs and explore aspects of implementing the new technology.

History

Triton is the largest moon of Neptune. In 1989, Voyager 2 flew past the moon at a distance of 40,000 km, and discovered several cryovolcanoes on its surface. Triton is geologically active; its surface is young and has relatively few impact craters. It has a very thin atmosphere.

The Triton Hopper concept started Phase I in 2015, and it transitioned in March 2018 to Phase II, where the new technologies are being matured by NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC).[https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2018_Phase_I_Phase_II/Triton_Hopper Triton Hopper: Exploring Neptune's Captured Kuiper Belt Object]. Steven Oleson, NASA Glenn Research Center. 30 March 2018.{{cite magazine |last=Ferreira |first=Becky |date=August 28, 2015 |title=Why We Should Use This Jumping Robot to Explore Neptune |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/neptune-or-bust/ |magazine=Vice Motherboard |access-date=11 February 2017}}

Overview

The Triton Hopper concept proposes the use of a radioisotope rocket engine that would collect nitrogen ice on or below the surface, heat it under pressure and use it as propellant to explore Neptune's moon Triton.{{cite book|last1=Machado-Rodriguez|first1=Jonathan|last2=Landis|first2=Geoffrey A.|title=55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting |chapter=Analysis of a Radioisotope Thermal Rocket Engine|year=2017|doi=10.2514/6.2017-1445|hdl=2060/20170006624|isbn=978-1-62410-447-3 |hdl-access=free}} The largest technological challenge is to learn how to mine local surface nitrogen ice, and how to heat it for use as propellant. The rocket-powered hops are estimated to be up to 1 km high and 5 km long.{{cite magazine |url=http://www.popsci.com/this-jumping-probe-might-explore-neptune%E2%80%99s-biggest-moon |title=This Jumping Probe Might Explore Neptune's Biggest Moon |date=17 May 2016 |author=Charles Q. Choi |magazine=Popular Science |accessdate=11 February 2017 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108101345/https://www.popsci.com/this-jumping-probe-might-explore-neptune%E2%80%99s-biggest-moon/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|first1=Steven R. |last1=Oleson |first2=Geoffrey |last2=Landis|title=Triton Hopper: Exploring Neptune's Captured Kuiper Belt Object|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/V2050/pdf/8145.pdf|website=Planetary Science Vision 2050 Workshop 2017}}

A rocket-powered vehicle, or "hopper", has several advantages due to the variety of terrain and a gravity of only 8% of that of Earth. Hemispheric traverses and atmospheric sampling are possible during hops.

While airborne, the craft could acquire images and videos during flight. While on the ground, it could photograph and analyze the chemistry and geology of the surface. It could potentially fly through geysers on Triton's surface to analyze the material ejected from them.{{cite web |url=http://now.space/posts/a-mission-to-neptunes-moon-triton-would-be-pretty-cool/ |title=A Mission To Neptune's Moon Triton Would Be Pretty Cool |date=24 June 2016 |first=Alex |last=Kasprak |publisher=Now.Space |accessdate=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625025831/http://now.space/posts/a-mission-to-neptunes-moon-triton-would-be-pretty-cool/ |archive-date=2016-06-25}}