Triumph (TWN)

{{Short description|German bicycle and motorcycle company}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Triumph

| logo = Emblem TWN.JPG

| type =

| genre =

| fate = Taken over

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| successor = Adler

| foundation = 1896

| founder = Siegfried Bettmann

| defunct = 1956

| location_city = Nuremberg

| location_country = Germany

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| products = bicycles, motorcycles

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}}

File:Triumph Knirps.jpg

File:Triumph BDG 250 H, Bauzeit 1952-57 (2016-09-04 Sp r).JPG

Image:Triumph Boss (bearb Sp).jpg

Image:TWN 1923.jpg

Triumph-Werke Nürnberg AG or TWN, was a German bicycle and motorcycle company. In 1886, Siegfried Bettmann founded the Triumph bicycle factory in Coventry, England, and in 1896 he founded a second bicycle factory in his native Nuremberg, Germany, under the same Triumph name. Both factories branched out into making motorcycles: the Coventry factory in 1902 and the Nuremberg factory in 1903.[http://www.motorcycleclassics.com/2008-07-01/Motorcycle-Reviews/A-Singular-Triumph-1957-TWN-BDG125L.aspx TWN history] Motorcycle Classics, July/Aug 2008

In its early decades the Nuremberg factory produced models with the same 499 cc and 545 cc four-stroke engines as its sister plant in Coventry.

Confusion between motorcycles produced by the Coventry and Nuremberg Triumph companies led to the latter's products being renamed "Orial" for certain export markets. However, in the 1920s there was already an Orial motorcycle maker in Lyon, France, so the Nuremberg motorcycles were renamed again as "TWN", standing for Triumph Werke Nürnberg.[http://www.classicmotorcycles.org.uk/bikemuseum/museum_twn.htm Online Classic Motorcycle Museum TWN article]

After 1913 the English and German factories diverged, with the Nuremberg works making motorcycles with 248 cc and 269 cc two-stroke engines. After the Second World War Triumph made successful models including the 200 cc Cornet split single two-stroke and the split-single 1 cylinder 350 cc Boss. A split single has one "divided" cylinder (with 2 bores) but only one common combustion chamber and spark plug. Triumph/TWN's production of split singles began with the BD250 in 1939 designed by Otto Reitz.Siegfried Rauch, Frank Rönicke: Männer und Mororräder. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart, 2008, ISBN 978-3-613-02947-7, page 147. (German) In 1953 a 2 cylinder 250 cm³ single-split model Duplex with 4 pistons was shown at a fair, but not produced.

In 1956 Max Grundig took over the Nuremberg company, merged it with his Adler motorcycle and typewriter business and terminated motorcycle production under the Triumph and TWN names.