Trochilini

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2007 found that the species formed nine major clades.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Altshuler | first3=D.L. | last4=Remsen | first4=J.V. | date=2007 | title=Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of hummingbirds: Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of partitioned data and selection of an appropriate partitioning strategy | journal=Systematic Biology | volume=56 | issue=5 | pages=837–856 | doi=10.1080/10635150701656360 | pmid=17934998 | doi-access=free }} When Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. updated the Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World for the 4th edition in 2013 they based their classification on these results and placed three of the nine clades in the subfamily Trochilinae. The clades were placed in separate tribes which they named Trochilini (emeralds), Lampornithini (mountain gems) and Mellisugini (bees).{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|p=131}} The tribe Trochilini with the current circumscription was introduced in 2009.

Molecular phylogenetic studies by Jimmy McGuire and collaborators published between 2007 and 2014 determined the relationships between the major groups of hummingbirds.{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Dudley | first4=R. | last5=Altshuler | first5=D.L. | date=2009 | title=A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds | journal=Journal of Ornithology | volume=150 | issue=1 | pages=155–165 | doi=10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x | doi-broken-date=7 April 2025 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2009JOrni.150..155M }} In the cladogram below the English names are those introduced in 1997.{{Cite journal | last1=Bleiweiss | first1=R. | last2=Kirsch | first2=J.A. | last3=Matheus | first3=J.C. | date=1997 | title=DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves:Trochilidae). | journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume=14 | issue=3 | pages=325–343 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025767 | pmid=9066799 | doi-access=free}} The Latin names are those proposed by Dickinson and Remsen in 2013.{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|pp=105–136}}

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%

|label1=Trochilidae

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Florisuginae – topazes

|2=Phaethornithinae – hermits

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Polytminae – mangoes

|2={{clade

|label1=Lesbiinae

|1={{clade

|1=Heliantheini – brilliants

|2=Lesbiini – coquettes

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Patagoninae – giant hummingbird

|label2=Trochilinae

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Lampornithini – mountain gems

|2=Mellisugini – bees

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|2=Trochilini – emeralds

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The 2014 study by McGuire led to a major revision of the classification of the Trochilini. Many of the traditional genera were found to be polyphyletic and as a result the classification was substantially revised as shown below in the cladogram. Only one new genus was introduced (Elliotomyia) but eleven genera were resurrected (Phaeoptila, Riccordia, Pampa, Thaumasius, Talaphorus, Leucolia which was later renamed Ramosomyia, Saucerottia, Amazilis, Uranomitra, Chionomesa and Polyerata). At the same time six of the former genera were synonymized (Aphantochroa, Cyanophaia, Elvira, Goethalsia, Juliamyia and Lepidopyga).{{ cite journal | last1=Stiles | first1=F.G. | last2=Remsen | first2=J.V. Jr. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | year=2017 | title=The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4353 | issue=3 | pages=401–424 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3 | pmid=29245495 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321277435 }}

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:50%

|label1=Trochilini

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Phaeoptila – dusky hummingbird

|2={{clade

|1=Riccordia – 6 species

|2={{clade

|1=Cynanthus – 5 species

|2=Chlorostilbon – 10 species: emeralds

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|2={{clade

|1=Basilinna – 2 species

|2={{clade

|1=Pampa – 4 species: sabrewings

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Klais – violet-headed hummingbird

|2=Abeillia – emerald-chinned hummingbird

}}

|2={{clade

|1=Orthorhynchus – Antillean crested hummingbird

|2={{clade

|1=Stephanoxis – 2 species: plovercrests

|2=Anthocephala – 2 species: blossomcrowns

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|2=Campylopterus – 10 species

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|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Microchera – 3 species

|2={{clade

|1=Goldmania – 2 species

|2=Eupherusa – 5 species

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|2={{clade

|1=Chalybura – 2 species: plumeleteers

|2=Thalurania – 4 species: woodnymphs

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|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Phaeochroa – scaly-breasted hummingbird

|2=Leucippus – buffy hummingbird

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|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Thaumasius – 2 species

|2={{clade

|1=Taphrospilus – many-spotted hummingbird

|2=Eupetomena – 2 species

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|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Talaphorus – 2 species

|2={{clade

|1=Trochilus – 2 species: streamertails

|2={{clade

|1=Ramosomyia – 3 species

|2=Saucerottia – 10 species

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|2={{clade

|1=Amazilia – 5 species

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Amazilis – amazilia hummingbird

|2={{clade

|1=Uranomitra – Andean emerald

|2=Chrysuronia – 9 species

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|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=Leucochloris – white-throated hummingbird

|2={{clade

|1=Chionomesa – 2 species: emeralds

|2={{clade

|1=Hylocharis – 2 species: sapphires

|2=Elliotomyia – 2 species

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|2={{clade

|1=Polyerata – 3 species

|2=Chlorestes – 5 species

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The tribe contains 36 genera.

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{{refbegin}}

• {{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Remsen | editor-first2=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 }}

{{refend}}

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Category:Bird tribes