Trogoderma variabile
{{Short description|Species of beetle}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Trogoderma
| image = Trogoderma variabile.jpg
| image_caption = Adult beetle
| image2 = CSIRO ScienceImage 2598 Warehouse beetle larvae Trogoderma variabile.jpg
| image2_caption = Larva
| species = variabile
| authority = Ballion, 1878
| synonyms = Trogoderma parabile Beal, 1954
| display_parents = 2
}}
Trogoderma variabile, commonly known as the warehouse beetle, is a species of carpet beetle in the family Dermestidae. It is found across Europe, Asia, Central America, North America and Oceania.
Description
Adult warehouse beetles average about {{convert|3.2|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} in length and are some shade of reddish-brown, dark brown or blackish-brown. The larvae are cream coloured or some darker shade of brown, and average {{convert|6|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} in length when fully grown; they have long bristles at the tip of the abdomen.{{cite book |title=Handbook of urban insects and arachnids: A handbook of urban entomology |last=Robinson |first=William H. |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521812535 |pages=104–105 |url=http://www.bio-nica.info/biblioteca/Robinson2005UrbanInsects.pdf }}
Distribution and habitat
This beetle may have originated in Central Asia, but is now widely distributed, being found in Russia, China, parts of the Middle East, Europe, Central America, North America and Oceania. It is an economic pest in a range of dry goods including animal foods, wheat and barley kernels, wholemeal flour, corn meal, oat meal, noodles and other cereal-based foodstuffs. It also infests animal detritus, fish meal, spices, nuts, cocoa and sugar products. In the indoor environment it occurs in warehouses, granaries, food stores and dwellings, and outdoors in Russia, it has been found in bee nests.
Life cycle
Eggs are laid in suitable dry materials, and if kept in the temperature range {{convert|20|to|38|°C|°F|0|abbr=on}}, hatch in about a week. There are normally six instars, and some mature larvae enter an active diapause, especially in cooler habitats, and may remain in the larval state for two years. Non-diapausing larvae pupate near the surface of the foodstuff about seven weeks after the eggs were laid; the pupation period lasts about four days, and the new adults rest for two to seven days before emerging from the last larval skin. Longevity for males is nine days at {{convert|40|°C|°F|0|abbr=on}} and several weeks under cooler conditions. Females also live longer at lower temperatures.
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Cite web| title=Trogoderma variabile Report
| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=188486
| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System
| accessdate=2019-09-23
}}
{{Cite web| title=Trogoderma variabile
| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1095971
| website=GBIF
| accessdate=2019-09-23
}}
{{Cite web| title=Trogoderma variabile species Information
| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/748936
| website=BugGuide.net
| accessdate=2019-09-23
}}
}}
Further reading
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite journal
| title = World catalogue of the Dermestidae
| date = 2003
| last1 = Háva | first1 = Jirí
| journal = Studies and Reports of District Museum Prague-East Supplement
| volume = 1| pages = 1–196
}}
- {{Cite book
| title = Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea
| date = 2007
| editor-last1 = Lobl | editor-first1 = I.
| editor-last2 = Smetana | editor-first2 = A.
| publisher = Apollo Books
| isbn = 978-8788757675
}}
{{refend}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3031711}}