Trogonoptera brookiana
{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Rajah Brooke's birdwing
| image = Trogonoptera brookiana albescens 197993570.jpg
| image_caption = Trogonoptera brookiana albescens
| image2 = Trogonoptera brookiana 0588.JPG
| image2_caption = Adult male (above) and female, dorsal surfaces
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}
| taxon = Trogonoptera brookiana
| authority = Wallace, 1855
| synonyms = * Ornithoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855{{cite journal|last=Wallace|first=Alfred Russel|year=1855|title=Description of a new Species of Ornithoptera. Ornithoptera brookiana. Wallace|journal=The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London |series=New Series |volume=3|pages=104–105|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96544#page/438/mode/1up}}
- Troides brookiana
}}
Trogonoptera brookiana, Rajah Brooke's birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly from the rainforests of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Natuna, Sumatra, and various small islands west of Sumatra (Banyak, Simeulue, Batu and Mentawai).The World of Birdwing Butterflies. [http://www.nagypal.net/ttbrooki.htm Trogonoptera brookiana.] Accessed 20 May 2012ARKive [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Trogonoptera_brookiana/ Rajah Brooke’s birdwing.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516181612/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/invertebrates_terrestrial_and_freshwater/Trogonoptera_brookiana/ |date=2008-05-16 }} Accessed 20 May 2012 The butterfly was named by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855, after James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak. The larval host plants are Aristolochia acuminata and A. foveolata. Adults sip flower nectar from plants such as Bauhinia. Rajah Brooke's birdwing is a protected species, listed under Appendix II of CITES,CITES (3 April 2012) [http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php Appendices.] Accessed meaning that international export is restricted to those who have been granted a permit. It is the national butterfly of Malaysia.[http://www.malaysia-wildlife-and-nature.com/butterflies-of-malaysia.html Butterflies of Malaysia]. Accessed 20 May 2012
Description
Both sexes resemble the more restricted relative, the Palawan birdwing, but males of Rajah Brooke's birdwing have more green to the hindwings. The wingspan of Rajah Brooke's birdwing is {{convert|15|-|17|cm|abbr=on}}.Butterfly Corner. [http://en.butterflycorner.net/Trogonoptera-brookiana-Raja-Brooke-s-Birdwing.939.0.html Trogonoptera brookiana (Raja Brooke's Birdwing).] Accessed 20 May 2012 The wings of males are mainly black. Each forewing has seven tooth-shaped electric-green markings, while there is a relatively large electric-green patch on the hindwings. The head is bright red and the body is black with red markings. The wings of females are browner with prominent white flashes at the tips of the forewings and at the base of the hindwings.
Taxonomy
Genus: Trogonoptera Rippon, 1890
:Species: Trogonoptera brookiana Wallace, 1855
::Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana (Wallace, 1855)
:::Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. brookiana Wallace, 1855
:::Form: Trogonoptera brookiana brookiana f. julijae S.Hu, 2007
::Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana toshikii Kobayashi, 1991
::Subspecies: Trogonoptera brookiana akikoa Morita, 1994
:Species: Trogonoptera trojana Honrath, 1886
Illustrations
File:Trogonoptera-brookiana--2-male--Malaysia-2008.jpg
File:TrogonopteraBrookeanaRippon.jpg|Males from Icones Ornithopterorum volume 2
File:Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies Ornithoptera & Papilio.jpg|Male (bottom)
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite journal | last1 = Goh | first1 = D | year = 1994 | title = Life history of Trogonoptera brookiana albescens in Malaysia (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) | url = http://www.troplep.org/TLR/5-1/pdf001.pdf | journal = Tropical Leidoptera | volume = 5 | issue = 1| pages = 1–5 }}
Further reading
{{Commons category|Troides brookiana|Trogonoptera brookiana}}
{{Wikispecies|Trogonoptera brookiana}}
- {{Cite journal|last1=Phon|first1=Chooi-Khim|last2=Kirton|first2=Laurence G.|last3=Norma-Rashid|first3=Yusoff|date=2019-08-13|title=Trogonoptera brookiana mollumar d'Abrera, Doggett & Parker, 1976 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), a subspecies or a synonym?|url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/737|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|language=en|issue=544|doi=10.5852/ejt.2019.544|issn=2118-9773|doi-access=free}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Han|first1=Z. W.|last2=Niu|first2=S. C.|last3=Shang|first3=C. H.|last4=Liu|first4=Z. N.|last5=Ren|first5=L. Q.|title=Light trapping structures in wing scales of butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana|journal=Nanoscale|date=2012|volume=4|issue=9|pages=2879–2883|doi=10.1039/c2nr12059c|pmid=22374349|bibcode=2012Nanos...4.2879H }}
- {{cite journal|last1=Wilts|first1=B.|last2=Giraldo|first2=M. A.|last3=Stavegna|first3=D. G.|title=Unique wing scale photonics of male Rajah Brooke's birdwing butterflies|journal=Frontiers in Zoology|date=2016|volume=13|issue=36|pages=36|doi=10.1186/s12983-016-0168-7|pmc=4983073|pmid=27525030 |doi-access=free }}
{{Birdwing |state=expanded}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q139736}}
Category:Butterflies of Indochina
Category:Butterflies of Borneo
Category:Butterflies of Indonesia
Category:Butterflies of Malaysia
Category:Butterflies described in 1855