Tropidurus

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Tropidurus oreadicus.jpg

| image_caption = Tropidurus oreadicus on a wall in Belém, Brazil

| name = Tropidurus

| taxon = Tropidurus

| authority = Wied-Neuwied, 1824[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=208874 Tropidurus] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

| type_species = Lacerta torquata

| type_species_authority = Wied-Neuwied, 1820

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = 29, see text

| synonyms = *Platynotus

Strobilurus
Tapinurus

and see text

}}

Tropidurus is a genus of reptiles. The genus includes many species of Neotropical ground lizards (family Tropiduridae). Tropidurus is the type genus of the family Tropiduridae.

Geographic range and habitat

Species in the genus Tropidurus are found on the South American mainland, especially in the Amazon Rainforest, but also in more arid regions.

Common name

No common name is widely used solely for species of the genus Tropidurus. In their native range, they are simply called lagartixa, as are most similar animals. If anything, the Brazilian term calango is used to particularly refer to lizards of the genus Tropidurus.

Taxonomy

The genus Tropidurus contains 30 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. An additional seven species—the Galápagos lava lizards endemic to the Galápagos Islands—are sometimes placed here, too, but more commonly separated in the genus Microlophus, instead. Similarly, the green thornytail iguana and tropical thorny iguana are now often separated into the minor, but probably distinct Uracentron lineage, instead. In this article, these two genera are kept separate, while Platynotus, Strobilurus, and Tapinurus are included in Tropidurus.

Description

Males and females of all Tropidurus species are marked differently. The male is usually much larger than the female, and his body is more brightly coloured and distinctly patterned. The typical size of Tropidurus lizards varies greatly from habitat to habitat as does the pattern of body markings, even among individuals of the same species. Like many lizards, they show changes of colour with mood and temperature.

Species

File:Tropidurus catalanensis-basking.jpg basking at Iguazu Falls]]

These species are recognized as being valid:{{EMBL genus|genus=Tropidurus}} www.reptile-database.org.

Tropidurus azurduyae {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, L. Rivas, Céspedes & Rodrigues, 2018}}
Tropidurus bogerti {{small|Roze, 1958}} – keeled lava lizard
Tropidurus callathelys {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}}
Tropidurus catalanensis {{small|Gudynas & Skuk, 1983}}
Tropidurus chromatops {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}}
Tropidurus cocorobensis {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus erythrocephalus {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus etheridgei {{small|Cei, 1982}} – Etheridge's lava lizard
Tropidurus guarani {{small|Álvarez, Cei & Scolaro, 1994}}
Tropidurus helenae {{small|(Manzani & Abe, 1990)}}
Tropidurus hispidus {{small|(Spix, 1825)}} – Peters's lava lizard, neotropical lava lizard
Tropidurus hygomi {{small|J.T. Reinhardt & Lütken, 1861}} – Reinhardt's lava lizard
Tropidurus imbituba {{small|Kunz & Borges-Martins, 2013}}{{EMBL species|genus=Tropidurus|species=imbituba}} www.reptile-database.org.
Tropidurus insulanus {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus itambere {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus jaguaribanus {{small|Passos, Lima & Borges-Nojosa, 2011}}Passos DC, Lima DC, Borges-Nojosa DM (2011). "A new species of Tropidurus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) of the semiaeniatus group from a semiarid area in Northeastern Brazil". Zootaxa 2930: 60-68.
Tropidurus lagunablanca {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, 2016}}Carvalho ALG (2016). [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6638/N3853.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "Three new species of the Tropidurus spinulosus group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Eastern Paraguay".] American Museum Novitates (3853): 1-44.
Tropidurus melanopleurus {{small|Boulenger, 1902}} – black lava lizard
Tropidurus montanus {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus mucujensis {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}
Tropidurus oreadicus {{small|Rodrigues, 1987}}

Tropidurus pinima {{small|(Rodrigues, 1984)}}
Tropidurus psammonastes {{small|Rodrigues, Kasahara & Yonenaga-Yasuda, 1988}}
Tropidurus semitaeniatus {{small|(Spix, 1825)}} – striped lava lizard
Tropidurus sertanejo {{small|A.L.G. Carvalho, et al., 2016}}Carvalho ALG et al. (2016). [http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6637/N3852.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y "A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga: evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards".] American Museum Novitates (3852): 1-66.
Tropidurus spinulosus {{small|(Cope, 1862)}} – spiny lava lizard
Tropidurus torquatus {{small|(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)}} – Amazon lava lizard
Tropidurus xanthochilus {{small|M.B. Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998}}

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Tropidurus.