Trumpet Concerto (Haydn)

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File:The first page of the autograph of Haydn's trumpet concerto.jpg

Anton Weidinger developed a keyed trumpet which could play chromatically throughout its entire range. Before this, the trumpet was valveless and could only play a limited range of harmonic notes by altering the vibration of the lips; also called by the name of "natural trumpet". Most of these harmonic notes were clustered in the higher registers, so previous trumpet concertos could only play melodically with the high register (e.g., Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2). Haydn's concerto includes melodies in the middle and lower register, exploiting the capabilities of the new instrument. Haydn, fascinated by the invention, was inspired to write the concerto. He enjoyed experimenting with the instrument and its newly chromatic capabilities in all registers of the instrument. The concerto itself features a variety of chromatic shifts, achievable with the manipulation of the keys, to display Weidinger’s technical brilliance on the instrument.{{Cite journal |last=Geiringer |first=Karl |date=1955 |title=Review of Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E-Flat; Harpsichord Concerto in D |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/739805 |journal=The Musical Quarterly |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=402–404 |doi=10.1093/mq/XLI.3.402 |jstor=739805 |issn=0027-4631}}

There were attempts all over Europe around the mid-classical era to expand the range of the trumpet using valves, but Weidinger's idea of drilling holes and covering them with flute-like keys was not a success as it had very poor sound quality. Thus the natural trumpet still had continual use in the classical orchestra while the keyed trumpet had barely any repertoire. The valved trumpets used today were first constructed and used in the 1830s.

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The work is composed in three movements (typical of a Classical period concerto), they are marked as follows:

{{ordered list|list-style-type=upper-roman

|Allegro (sonata)

|Andante (A–B–A)

|Allegro (rondo)}}

In addition to the solo trumpet, the concerto is scored for an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings.

In Hong Kong, this piece has been adopted as the theme of the sketch comedy Shanghai Woman (played by Lydia Shum) in TVB's variety show Enjoy Yourself Tonight. This piece has also been adopted in one of the songs of Wan Kwong.

It was used in the 2003 Baby Einstein video Numbers Nursery.

The concerto's third movement was used in the popular Netflix TV Series, Squid Game.{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Sophia Alexandra |title=Squid Game soundtrack: who composed the score, and what classical music is in the Netflix show? |url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/squid-game-netflix-classical-music-soundtrack/ |website=Classic FM |publisher=Global Media & Entertainment Ltd |access-date=6 December 2021}}

• Michael Haydn also wrote a trumpet concerto, with the same two-movement form as Leopold Mozart's Trumpet Concerto.
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel also wrote a trumpet concerto for Anton Weidinger.

• {{IMSLP|work=Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, Hob.VIIe:1 (Haydn, Joseph)|cname=Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major (Haydn)}}
• {{cite thesis|url=https://acgedumusic.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/haydn-analysis.pdf|last=Adamson|first=Daniel Richard|title=A Comparative Analysis of Haydn's Horn Concerto & Trumpet Concerto|type=DMA|publisher=University of North Texas|year=2016|ref=none}}
• {{YouTube|bhTWucNiTH4|Video performance}}, Alison Balsom

{{Haydn concertos}}

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Category:1796 compositions

Haydn, Joseph

Category:Concertos by Joseph Haydn

Category:Compositions in E-flat major

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