Tsampouna

{{Short description|Greek traditional music instrument}}

File:Tsambouna.jpg

The tsampouna (or tsambouna; {{langx|el|τσαμπούνα}}) is a Greek musical instrument and part of the bagpipe family. It is a double-chantered bagpipe, with no drone,{{cite book|author=John Freely|title=The Cyclades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1r9BRuIwzHUC|access-date=28 September 2012|year=1986|publisher=Cape|isbn=978-0-224-02296-5}} and is inflated by blowing by mouth into a goatskin bag. The instrument is widespread in the Greek islands.{{cite book|author1=Fivos Anoyanakis|author2=Fivi Caramerou|title=Greek popular musical instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKGfAAAAMAAJ|access-date=28 September 2012|year=1991|publisher=Melissa|isbn=978-960-204-004-1}} The word is a reborrowing of zampogna, the word for the Italian double chantered pipes.{{cite book|last1=Babiniotis|first1=George|title=Spelling dictionary of Modern Greek|date=2008|publisher=Lexicology Centre|isbn=978-960-89751-4-9|page=472}} Tsampouna is etymologically related to the Greek sumfōnia ({{langx|el|συμφωνία}}), meaning "concord or unison of sound"[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsumfwni%2Fa συμφωνία], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus (from σῠν- sun-, "with, together" + φωνή phōnḗ, "sound") and applied later to a type of bagpipe.{{cite book|title=Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής|date=1998|publisher=Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης|page=1371}}

While many bagpipes throughout Europe have experienced renewed interest in the 20th century (often after long decline or extinction), in 2006 ethnomusicologist Wolf Dietrich noted: "Greece seems to be the only country in Europe which today has no bagpipe revival."{{cite book|title=The Wire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Afk4AQAAIAAJ|access-date=28 September 2012|year=2006|publisher=C. Parker|isbn = 9780955154102}} However, a partial revival in the use of the tsampouna is occurring among traditional musicians on the island of Ikaria. Where, in recent years, it has become increasingly common for the tsampouna to be played at Ikarian festivals.Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/PUh4uButml4 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414110039/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUh4uButml4 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUh4uButml4| title = Τσαμπουνοφυλάκα στην Ικαρία. | website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/SHJuGar3sg8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160309071157/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHJuGar3sg8 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHJuGar3sg8| title = Πανηγύρι Λαγκάδας Ικαρία 2013 - Καριώτικος με τσαμπούνα | website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}