Tsuitate

{{short description|Traditional Japanese single-panel portable partition}}

{{distinguish|text=byōbu, traditional Japanese folding screens}}

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A tsuitate (衝立) is a form of single-panel portable partition traditionally used in Japan since at least the 6th century.{{cite web |author=Troy Segal |title=Beautiful and Functional Japanese Antiques |url=https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/know-your-japanese-antiques-4085519 |website=The Spruce Crafts |language=en}} They may be made of wood, or a wood frame covered in paper or silk cloth.{{cite web |title=Tsuitate shouji 衝立障子 |url=http://www.aisf.or.jp/%7Ejaanus/deta/t/tsuitateshouji.htm |website=Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology}} The panels are often illustrated, with paintings on both sides, sometimes by well-known artists. The wood frame may be lacquered, and pricier tsuitate may be very richly decorated, including use of precious metals.{{cite web |title=A Magnificent Large Gold Lacquer Tsuitate [Standing Screen], MEIJI PERIOD (LATE 19TH CENTURY) |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot/a-magnificent-large-gold-lacquer-tsuitate-standing-5951640-details.aspx |website=www.christies.com |language=en}}

Apart from their use as works of art, they are often used to screen entrances, and block wind and sun They may also partition rooms, divide the public part of a shop from the residential area behind, and act as a signboard.

File:WadakeIndoor.JPG|A robust all-wood tsuitate, screening a fire from drafts in a rural house (history exhibit)

File:舞姫図・紅葉蒔絵衝立-Freestanding Screen with Dancer MET 29 100 520.jpeg|A tall 1700s tsuitate, presumably a replica konmeichi screen.{{cite web |title=Konmeichi-no-shouji 昆明池障子 |url=http://www.aisf.or.jp/%7Ejaanus/deta/k/konmeichinoshouji.htm |website=Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology}}

File:JapanHomes161 TSUI-TATE.jpg|Tsuitate could be made in one piece, or as here, with a separate stand and panel{{cite book | first=Edward S. | last=Morse | title=Japanese Homes and their Surroundings | publisher=Charles E. Tuttle Company | isbn=0-8048-0998-4 | author-link= Edward S. Morse |date=1885 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52868 |chapter-url=https://www.kellscraft.com/JapaneseHomes/JapaneseHomesCh03.html |chapter=3: Interiors}}

File:Kominnkano mouhitotu no iriguti.jpg|Tsuitate are traditionally used to screen entrances{{cite journal |last1=van der Reyden |first1=Dianne Lee |title=THE HISTORY, TECHNOLOGY, AND CARE OF FOLDING SCREENS: CASE STUDIES OF THE CONSERVATION TREATMENT OF WESTERN AND ORIENTAL SCREENS |url=https://www.si.edu/mci/downloads/RELACT/folding_screens.pdf}}

File:Brooklyn Museum - Standing Screen (Tsuitate) of a Tiger - Kawanabe Kyosai - overall.jpg|A print of a painting by Kawanabe Kyōsai, depicting a tsuitate screen painted by Kyōsai, complete with his signature on the screen{{cite web |title=Standing Screen (Tsuitate) of a Tiger |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/4342 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org |publisher=Brooklyn Museum}}

{{Japanese architectural elements}}

{{commons category|Tsuitate (standing screen)}}